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排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
61.
Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian 《International journal of phytoremediation》2018,20(6):624-633
Biosorption potential of novel lignocellulosic biosorbents Musa sp. peel (MSP) and Aegle marmelos shell (AMS) was investigated for the removal of toxic triphenylmethane dye malachite green (MG), from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed to study the biosorption characteristics of malachite green onto lignocellulosic biosorbents as a function of initial solution pH, initial malachite green concentration, biosorbents dosage, and temperature. Biosorption equilibrium data were fitted to two and three parameters isotherm models. Three-parameter isotherm models better described the equilibrium data. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacities obtained using the Langmuir model for MG removal using MSP and AMS was 47.61 and 18.86 mg/g, respectively. The biosorption kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted the experimental data, indicated the MG biosorption using MSP and AMS as chemisorption process. The removal of MG using AMS was found as highly dependent on the process temperature. The removal efficiency of MG showed declined effect at the higher concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2. The regeneration test of the biosorbents toward MG removal was successful up to three cycles. 相似文献
62.
Kathelyne Craenen R. Ortiz 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):497-505
Use of resistant host genotypes is an important component of an integrated approach to control black sigatoka, a disease
caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. The objective of the present research was to determine the role of the major gene for black sigatoka resistance
(bs
1
) in the host response to this disease. Euploid hybrids with a known genotype for the bs
1
locus were derived from triploid-diploid crosses of two French plantains and a diploid wild banana, and were assessed for
their host response to black sigatoka in plant and ratoon crops in the humid forest zone of Nigeria. Host response was determined
at flowering by recording the number of standing leaves, the youngest leaf with symptoms, the youngest leaf spotted, the total
leaf area attacked by black sigatoka, and an index of the leaves spotted. An analysis of frequency distribution in each segregating
population showed that almost all the traits displayed a normal distribution across ploidy level. This suggests that additive
gene action plays an important role in the host-plant response to the fungus. Heritability, repeatibility, and intraclass
correlations were calculated. The environment and the genotype-by-environment interaction significantly affected the host
response to black sigatoka, which explains the low repeatibility of all traits. The intrafamily variation was larger than
the interfamily variation, and most of the genetic variation in each family depended on the individual genotypes, regardless
of their ploidy. The additive effect of, and the intralocus interaction at, the bs
1
locus on host response to black sigatoka were established by a one-way analysis of variance and regression analyses. Intralocus
interaction in the bs
1
locus apparently regulates the appearance of symptoms on the leaf surface, whereas the additive effect and the intralocus
interaction of the bs
1
locus affect disease development in the host plant. Therefore, the gene action(s) at the bs
1
locus may provide durable resistance to black sigatoka by slowing down disease development in the host plant.
Received: 18 September 1996 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献
63.
Phenylphenalenones protect banana plants from infection by Mycosphaerella fijiensis and are deactivated by metabolic conversion
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William Hidalgo Jima N. Chandran Riya C. Menezes Felipe Otálvaro Bernd Schneider 《Plant, cell & environment》2016,39(3):492-513
Phenylphenalenones, polycyclic aromatic natural products from some monocotyledonous plants, are known as phytoalexins in banana (Musa spp.). In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics along with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to explore the chemical responses of the susceptible ‘Williams’ and the resistant ‘Khai Thong Ruang’ Musa varieties to the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the agent of the black leaf Sigatoka disease. Principal component analysis discriminated strongly between infected and non‐infected plant tissue, mainly because of specialized metabolism induced in response to the fungus. Phenylphenalenones are among the major induced compounds, and the resistance level of the plants was correlated with the progress of the disease. However, a virulent strain of M. fijiensis was able to overcome plant resistance by converting phenylphenalenones to sulfate conjugates. Here, we report the first metabolic detoxification of fungitoxic phenylphenalenones to evade the chemical defence of Musa plants. 相似文献
64.
Absorption of applied32P by the treated as well as neighbouring plants in two- and three-crop intercropping systems involving cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), banana (Musa (AAB) Mysore), elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was studied in field trials. Radiophosphorus applied to the root zone of one of the component species in the mixed systems was found to be absorbed not only by the treated plant but also by the neighbouring plants. Banana was the most dominant species in the cassava-banana-elephant foot yam intercropping system and accumulated the major portion of the radioactivity recovered in the whole system. Cassava planted on raised mounds absorbed32P from the root zones of elephant foot yam and banana growing in the interspaces. Absorption of32P from cassava mounds by elephant foot yam was negligible.In cassava-groundnut intercropping system, cassava was the dominant component accumulating about 96 to 99 per cent of the total32P recovery in the system when the radiolabel was applied to cassava and about 48 to 88 per cent when applied to the intercrops depending on whether cassava was planted on paired row-ridge, mound or flat bed. The groundnut was able to absorb only negligible quantity of32P from cassava root zone. The absorption of32P by treated groundnut was highest in paired-row ridge method of planting and lowest in flat bed method of planting. 相似文献
65.
Matthieu Chabannes Marc Gabriel Abderrahmane Aksa Serge Galzi Jean-François Dufayard Marie-Line Iskra-Caruana Emmanuelle Muller 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2021,22(2):216-230
Badnaviruses are double-stranded DNA pararetroviruses of the family Caulimoviridae. Badnaviral sequences found in banana are distributed over three main clades of the genus Badnavirus and exhibit wide genetic diversity. Interestingly, the nuclear genome of many plants, including banana, is invaded by numerous badnaviral sequences although badnaviruses do not require an integration step to replicate, unlike animal retroviruses. Here, we confirm that banana streak viruses (BSVs) are restricted to clades 1 and 3. We also show that only BSVs from clade 3 encompassing East African viral species are not integrated into Musa genomes, unlike BSVs from clade 1. Finally, we demonstrate that sequences from clade 2 are definitively integrated into Musa genomes with no evidence of episomal counterparts; all are phylogenetically distant from BSVs known to date. Using different molecular approaches, we dissected the coevolution between badnaviral sequences of clade 2 and banana by comparing badnavirus integration patterns across a banana sampling representing major Musa speciation events. Our data suggest that primary viral integrations occurred millions of years ago in banana genomes under different possible scenarios. Endogenous badnaviral sequences can be used as powerful markers to better characterize the Musa phylogeny, narrowing down the likely geographical origin of the Musa ancestor. 相似文献
66.
Dzarifah Zulperi Kamaruzaman Sijam Zainal A Mior Ahmad Yahya Awang Tavga Sulaiman Rashid 《Journal of Phytopathology》2014,162(10):697-702
During June 2011 to March 2012, Moko disease symptoms were observed in banana cv. Nipah in two Malaysian states. The primer pairs ISRso19F/ISRso19R were used for defined identification of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 strain. PCR amplification of all isolates produced a 1900 amplicon and exhibited 93% phylogenetic similarity with reference strain (AF450275). Based on symptoms, biochemical tests, pathogenicity assay, molecular and phylogenetic studies, we concluded that the isolated bacterium was R. solanacearum race 2 biovar 1. 相似文献
67.
Ratri Boonruangrod Silvia Fluch Kornel Burg 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,24(1):77-91
In the present study, our intention was to elucidate the genetic relation of M. acuminata subspecies and analyse the diversity of the M. balbisiana gene-pool using nuclear ribosomal gene loci based marker system. Additionally the obtained information allowed elucidating
the structure and ancestry of the nuclear genomes of diploid and triploid cultivars. By establishing the nucleotide sequence
of the rDNA locus for M. acuminata and partially for M. balbisiana and their comparative analysis revealed that the 5′ETS region was the most divergent between acuminata and balbisiana genomes. Based on the SNP sites identified in this region a PCR based system was built, which revealed four gene-pools among
M. acuminata wild types, while M. balbisiana showed no sequence divergence. The developed markers proved to be a powerful tool in the identification of the acuminata component of diploid and triploid hybrid cultivars and discovery of unexpected genotypes. 相似文献
68.
Amorim EP Vilarinhos AD Cohen KO Amorim VB Dos Santos-Serejo JA Silva SO Pestana KN Dos Santos VJ Paes NS Monte DC Dos Reis RV 《Genetics and molecular biology》2009,32(1):96-103
The aim of this work was to evaluate the carotenoid content and genetic variability of banana accessions from the Musa germplasm collection held at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, Brazil. Forty-two samples were analyzed, including 21 diploids, 19 triploids and two tetraploids. The carotenoid content was analyzed spectrophotometrically and genetic variability was estimated using 653 DArT markers. The average carotenoid content was 4.73 μg.g (-1) , and ranged from 1.06 μg.g (-1) for the triploid Nanica (Cavendish group) to 19.24 μg.g (-1) for the triploid Saney. The diploids Modok Gier and NBA-14 and the triploid Saney had a carotenoid content that was, respectively, 7-fold, 6-fold and 9-fold greater than that of cultivars from the Cavendish group (2.19 μg.g (-1)). The mean similarity among the 42 accessions was 0.63 (range: 0.24 to 1.00). DArT analysis revealed extensive genetic variability in accessions from the Embrapa Musa germplasm bank. 相似文献
69.
Stanley A. Temple 《Biotropica》2011,43(1):68-76
Multispecies agro‐forestry is generally lauded for providing ecosystem services, especially in tropical environments. Avian communities contribute to services such as biodiversity and pest management. Characterizing and evaluating avian community composition in similar cropping systems will help optimize management for ecosystem services. We examined the relationship between cropping system vegetation and avian communities in four shaded agro‐forestry systems common to the Limón province of Costa Rica: abandoned and managed systems of cacao, cacao with banana, and banana. During two field seasons, we detected 2605 birds from 106 species and identified 2791 trees and shrubs from 62 morphospecies. We compared vegetation and avian species richness across systems with mixed‐effects linear models. Canopy, understory, and groundcover vegetation differed among agro‐forestry systems. More ground‐ and understory‐foraging forest species were detected in agro‐forestry systems lacking banana, whereas richness of agricultural generalist species was highest in systems with banana. Richness of understory‐ and ground‐foraging species correlated with understory tree species richness and leaf litter. Our results indicate that shaded cacao and banana systems can have similar canopy‐foraging species richness that includes both agricultural and woodland generalist species, but that interspersing banana with cacao can adversely influence understory forest bird community composition. Agro‐forests with diverse understory vegetation support more understory‐foraging bird species that have proven valuable in pest management. Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp . 相似文献
70.
A pectin present in the juice of the inflorescence stalk of plantain(Musa sapientum) has been isolated. The material contained 32.4% hexoses and 52.5% uronic acid. On administration to rats fed both cholesterol
free and cholesterol diet, this material showed significant lowering of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum, liver
and aorta. There was decreased cholesterogenesis in the liver as was evident from decreased activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl
coenzyme A reductase and decreased incorporation of labelled acetate into hepatic cholesterol. Hepatic bile acids showed significant
increase and there was increased fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids. Release of lipoproteins into the circulation
was lower. The material also caused increase in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in the heart and adipose tissue and also
of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase 相似文献