Studies on the Sporogenous Lineage in the Moss Timmiella barbuloides

This correlated immunofluorescence and electron microscope study reveals that the microtubule arrays during meiosis in Timmiella barbuloides mirror those in other mosses but the organization of the metaphase I spindle is quite different. In other mosses the sagittiform metaphase I spindle initially contains four bands of microtubules derived from the tetrahedral system present at prophase. These bands converge towards the division axis and each half spindle contains two focal points of microtubules straddling a cleavage furrow. In Timmiella the sagittiform spindle also contains four microtubular foci derived from the preprophasic tetrahedron. However, one of these contributes to one half spindle, the other half deriving from the three remaining foci orientated at approximately 120° to each other. In contrast to other mosses the sporocytes in Timmiella are hardly lobed, the cleavage-furrows ill-defined, the prophasic plastid positioning in the lobes is also more variable and the organelle band in meiocytes comprises mitochondria alone.     

Measurement uncertainty from physical sample preparation of moss samples: Estimation of mechanical cleaning vs. rinsing

Next to sampling, the physical sample preparation step is a second large source of uncertainty. To assess the level of uncertainty from sampling, sample preparation and analysis of moss material, 27 combined and duplicate samples of moss species Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt were collected and prepared for analysis using two different treatment methods After sampling had been done, samples were dried at an ambient temperature and then each primary and duplicate sample was divided into two sub-samples for preparation. The first sub-sample was manually cleaned whereas the second one was triple rinsed with deionized water and left to dry. Subsequently, the samples were milled and digested in a close microwave system with 8 mL of HNO₃ (1:1) and 1 mL of 30% H₂O₂. In all samples Cu, Fe and Zn were determined using GFAAS and FAAS techniques. Each sample was analyzed twice. Sampling, sample preparation and analytical uncertainty were calculated using ANOVA, RANOVA, modified RANOVA and range statistics methods. Sampling and sample preparation uncertainty varied from 3.8 to 19.8% and from 3.6 to 11.2%, respectively. For all the elements examined analytical uncertainty was below 1.1%. The comparison of element concentrations in manually cleaned and rinsed samples showed that rinsed samples were enriched in Cu and Zn, as opposed to manually cleaned that in turn displayed raised levels of Fe. However, except for Zn, these differences were not statistically significant.     

Biodiversity Hotspots from a Multigroup Perspective: Mosses and Senecios in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt

Geographical information for 703 mosses and Senecios (species of the tribe Senecioneae, Asteraceae) has been analyzed to identify patterns of species richness in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) of Mexico. Because the TMVB holds a high proportion of these taxa (596 mosses out of 980, and 107 Senecios out of 228) in the country, it is considered a high diversity area. However, the biodiversity is not uniform, as shown by the number of species in each of seventy nine 0.5° latitude and 0.5° longitude cells covering the surface area of the mountain range. Nineteen cells were identified as hotspots and further analysis showed that 11 of such hotspots were common to both groups. The application of a heuristic iterative method and a complementarity criterion indicated that the selection of 18 cells would conserve the total diversity of mosses and Senecios found in such hotspots.     

The top of the Pollino massif (southern Italy), an important refuge area for noteworthy mosses

The occurrence on the Pollino massif (southern Italy) of several remarkable mosses, which are rare or very rare in Italy, is reported. They are Orthotrichum acuminatum H. Philib., Distichium inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. and Grimmia longirostris Hook., new to the southern part of the Italian peninsula, and Schistidium dupretii (Thér.) W.A. Weber, new to South Italy. Moreover, Orthotrichum cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. var. fuscum (Venturi) Boulay, a very rare taxon in Europe and up to now considered vanished in Italy, is rediscovered in Italy after about one century from its single previous report.     

Additional reports for Italian moss flora

As a result of the study of both recent collections and a review of herbarium specimens, the following taxa are reported for the first time from various Italian regions: Hedwigia stellata Hedenäs, Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp., Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. and Ptychostomum compactum Hornsch. var. compactum. The last taxon is new for southern Italy, while the report of Pleurozium schreberi confirms the occurrence of this species in southern Italy after more than half a century. Moreover, Crossidium laxefilamentosum Frey & Kürschner represents the second report of this species from Italy.     

On the influence of water conductivity,pH and climate on bryophyte assemblages in Catalan semi-natural springs

Bryophytes are some of the most sensitive biological indicators of environmental change. Springs have a significant presence of bryophytes and so are ideal habitats for studying their relationship with the environment. We tested whether bryophyte assemblages can be explained with macro-, meso- and micro-ecological variables (i.e. seasonal climate, altitude, water pH and conductivity) sampling bryophytes from 198 semi-natural springs distributed along montane regions in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. We tested the influence of environmental variables on bryophyte assemblages in springs using sparse Partial Least Squares. Our results show that variability in bryophyte assemblages is explained by seasonal climate (temperature and precipitation from winter, spring, summer and autumn and temperature and precipitation seasonality), altitude and water conductivity. The results obtained by the present study will be useful for predicting bryophyte diversity in springs using simple and easy to obtain variables such as climate, water pH and conductivity.     

Study on the Mossflora of Mt. Jinfu,Sichuan Province

Mt. Jinfu, located at 29°05'N,107°10'E,is the highest mountain in the southeastern part of Sichuan Province, and is the northern extension of the Dalou Mountains of Guizhou Province. Its main peak is 2251 m above the sea level, and its bottom is only 600 m. Since 1920s', Professor P. C. Chen etc.collected about 400 packages of mosses from Mt. Jinfu. In 1986 and 1987, the present authors and M. Z. Wang collected about 1500 packages of mosses in the same mountain. From all these specimens, 40 families, 133 genera and 245 species, (including 4 subspecies, 9 varieties and 1 form)are identified, including 4 newly recorded species in China. Among them 9 families, 60 genera and 169 species of mosses are first found in Mt. Jinfu. Concerning the elements of the mossflora of Mt. Jinfu, East-Asiatic elements are the most important ones (33.77%), and the Holarctic elements (28.57%)and the tropical and subtropical elements (24.68%)are also abundant there (Table 1). The bryoflora of Mt. Jinfu is a part of the bryoflora of Central China, which was recognized by P. C. Chen in 1958. Comparison between the bryofloras of Mt. Jinfu in Southwest China, the Qinling Range in Northwest China and Mt. Shennongjia in Central China seems to show that these bryofloras are the transitional ones between North and South China. The tropical and subtropical elements, such as Duthiella speciosissima, Meteorium helminthocladum, Chrysocladium retrorsum and Homaliodendron scalpellifolium etc., extend northwards to the southern slope of the Qinling Range. However, the Holarctic ones, Cratoneuron filicinum and Aulacomnium heterostichum etc, widely distributed in Europe, North Asia and North China, are now known from Mt. Jinfu. Among the genera of mosses endemic to East Asia 11 occur in Mt. Jinfu. In fact, East-Asiatic genera in Mt. Jinfu consist of Sino-Japanese elements and Sino-Himalayan ones. The overlapping of the above two elements in Mt. 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Bryophytes as experimental models for the study of environmental stress tolerance: Tortula ruralis and desiccation-tolerance in mosses

The development of a complete understanding of how plants interact with the environment at the cellular level is a crucial step in advancing our ability to unravel the complexities of plant ecology particularly with regard to the role that many of the less complex plants (i.e., algae, lichens, and bryophytes) play in plant communities and in establishing areas for colonization by their more complex brothers. One of the main barriers to the advancement of this area of plant biology has been the paucity of simple and appropriate experimental models that would enable the researcher to biochemically and genetically dissect the response of less complex plants to environmental stress. A number of bryophytes model systems have been developed and they have been powerful experimental tools for the elucidation of complex biological processes in plants. Recently there has been a resurgent interest in bryophytes as models systems due to the discovery and development of homologous recombination technologies in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Brach & Schimp. In this report we introduce the desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaert., Meyer, and Scherb, as a model for stress tolerance mechanisms that offers a great deal of promise for advancing our efforts to understand how plants respond to and survive the severest of stressful environments. T. ruralis, a species native to Northern and Western North America, has been the most intensely studied of all bryophytes with respect to its physiological, biochemical, and cellular responses, to the severest of water stresses, desiccation. It is our hope that the research conducted using this bryophyte will lay the foundationfor not only the ecology of bryophytes and other less complex plants but also for the role of desiccation-tolerance in the evolution of land plants and the determination of mechanisms by which plant cells can withstand environmental insults. We will focus the discussion on the research we and others have conducted in an effort to understand the ability of T. ruralis to withstand the complete loss of free water from the protoplasm of its cells.     

3种藓类植物水分含量与光合作用、呼吸作用和水势的关系

对湿地匍灯藓〔Plagiomniumacutum(Lindb.)T.Kop.〕、大羽藓〔Thuidiumcymbifolium(Dozy&Molk.)Dozy&Molk.〕和垂藓〔Chrysocladiunretrorsum(Mitt.)Fleisch.〕的水分含量与光合作用、呼吸作用和水势的关系进行了初步研究（1999年5月20日到6月10日）。在这3种藓类植物中,其水分含量与光合作用速率（Pn）的关系可以分为2种类型一种类型如大羽藓和垂藓,在藓体水分含量20%～70%时,Pn随着水分含量增加而增加,但是在80%～95%时,Pn随水分含量增加而下降,光合最适水分含量约70%～80%;另一种出现在湿地匍灯藓,水分含量20%～80%时,Pn随着水分含量增加而增加,在80%～95%时,Pn维持一个较高的水平,光合最适水分含量为80%～90%。在一个大的水分含量范围内（60%～95%）,暗呼吸（Rd）保持相对稳定,但是在水分含量较低时（20%～70%）,Rd随着水分含量的下降而下降。在藓体水分含量与水势之间的关系方面,3种藓类植物相似,水分含量与水势对数之间的回归曲线为S形曲线。