外源水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗叶片PSⅡ活性和光能分配的影响

以黄瓜品种‘中农203号’幼苗为试材,采用水培法研究了根际施用0.05、0.10和0.50 mmol/L水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗叶片PSⅡ活性和光能分配的影响,以探讨水杨酸对光合作用的调节机制。结果显示:黄瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、荧光参数和光能分配对水杨酸的响应存在明显的浓度依赖性。0.05和0.10 mmol/L水杨酸处理提高了叶片PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),使PSⅡ吸收光能中分配于光化学反应的能量增加,进而提高了Pn,并以0.10 mmol/L水杨酸施用效果最明显,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);而0.50 mmol/L水杨酸处理降低了ΦPSⅡ、Fv/Fm等,使光能分配于热耗散和荧光耗散的比例升高,导致Pn下降。研究表明,水杨酸对黄瓜叶片光合的正负调节作用与浓度依存下的PSⅡ活性和光能分配改变有关。     

南方冰雪灾害后受害木荷萌枝光合生理特性

木荷(Schima superba)作为中国亚热带常绿阔叶林的重要组成树种,在2008年南方冰雪灾害中受到严重损害.本研究在浙江江郎山随机设置5个400 m2样地,并将受害木荷分为断木和倒木2种类型,研究不同部位萌枝光响应、气体交换以及叶绿素荧光参数等光合生理特征,有助于人们对群落更新机理的认识,为研究亚热带地区萌枝生态学特征提供理论依据.结果表明:不同叶龄之间,2年生叶片的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PS的潜在活性(Fv/F0)、有效光化学效率(Fvv'/Fm’)、比叶重(LMA)、叶片全氮含量大干1年生叶片,其总叶绿素含量(Chl(a+b))显著高于1年生叶片(P＜0.05),而叶绿素a/b( Chl(a/b))低于1年生叶片;不同部位之间,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’、Chl(a+b)、Chla/b、类胡萝卜素(Car)表现为断木的中部和倒木的根部最高;LMA、全氮含量表现为断木顶部＞中部＞根部,倒木根部＞中部＞顶部;不同受害类型木荷之间,倒木萌枝净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用率(WUE)高于断木(P＜0.05),而断木萌枝对光有更宽的生态辐,其光补偿点(LCP)低于倒木,光饱和点(LSP)却高于倒木.     

纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹叶片光合特征参数日变化的影响

采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了0(CK)、150、300和450 mg.L-1纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹(Indocalamus barbatusMcClure)叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔限制值和水分利用效率等光合特征参数日变化(7:00至16:00)的影响。结果表明:对照组髯毛箬竹叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和气孔限制值的日变化曲线均为"双峰"型,有明显的"午休"现象;胞间CO2浓度的日变化曲线则为"W"型;水分利用效率的日变化曲线为"U"型。与对照相比,喷施150、300和450 mg.L-1纳米SiO2均能不同程度提高髯毛箬竹叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,减小气孔限制值及胞间CO2浓度的变化幅度,提高"午休"时的水分利用效率,缓解光合作用的"午休"现象;其中,300 mg.L-1纳米SiO2处理组的效果最佳,在出现最大峰值的10:00时300 mg.L-1纳米SiO2处理组的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比对照提高了13.98%、71.21%和49.09%,且均与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。综合分析结果说明:髯毛箬竹叶片光合能力的提高是气孔和非气孔限制因素共同作用的结果,而喷施适量的纳米SiO2能够在一定程度上改善非气孔限制因素,从而增强髯毛箬竹叶片的光合能力。     

Videoradiographic analysis of the range of motion in unilateral experimental knee joint arthritis in rats

Introduction  

The translational and predictive value of animal models highly depends on the validity of respective readout parameters. In arthritis research, there has been a shift from sole threshold testing for pain-related behavior, as well as from swelling and histology assessment for inflammation, toward an analysis of joint function as indicated, for instance, by an increasing number of studies on gait abnormalities. Clinically, the range of motion (ROM) of the affected joint plays a major role in diagnosis and the assessment of treatment benefits. This parameter, however, is only insufficiently detected by currently used analytic systems in animals.     

The assessment of trabecular bone parameters and cortical bone strength: A comparison of micro-CT and dental cone-beam CT

This study compared the capabilities of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in assessing trabecular bone parameters and cortical bone strength. Micro-CT and CBCT scans were applied to 28 femurs from 14 rats to obtain independent measurements of the volumetric cancellous bone mineral density (vCanBMD) in the femoral head, volumetric cortical bone mineral density (vCtBMD) in the femoral diaphysis, cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and bone strength index (BSI) (=CSMI×vCtBMD). Five structural parameters of the trabecular bone of the femoral head were calculated from micro-CT images. A three-point bending test was then conducted to measure the fracture load of each femur. Bivariate linear Pearson analysis was conducted to calculate the correlation coefficients (r values) of the micro-CT, dental CBCT, and three-point bending measurements. The statistical analyses showed a strong correlation between vCanBMD values obtained using micro-CT and dental CBCT (r=0.830). There were strong or moderate correlation between vCanBMD measured using dental CBCT and five parameters of trabecular structure measured using micro-CT. Additionally, the results were satisfactory regardless of whether micro-CT or dental CBCT was used to measure the femoral diaphysis vCtBMD (r=0.733 and 0.680, respectively), CSMI (r=0.756 and 0.726, respectively), or BSI (r=0.846 and 0.847, respectively) to predict fracture loads. This study has yielded a new method for using dental CBCT to evaluate bone parameters and bone strength; however, further studies are necessary to validate the use of dental CBCT on humans.     

浑太森林流域径流过程模拟

基于浑河与太子河上游1998-2007年北口前站和南甸峪站水文数据以及清原、新宾和本溪县气象站点同期气象数据,应用DHSVM分布式水文模型模拟浑太流域的水文过程,验证模型的科学适用性,并提供最敏感模型参数的参考值.结果表明：浑河源区月径流模拟的Nash-Suttclife系数(E值)在率定期(1998-2002年)和验证期(2003-2007年)分别达到0.9675和0.8957,较好重现了研究区的月径流过程.太子河上游流域的年、月径流模拟值的E值均大于0.6,说明模型在浑太流域有较好的适用性、率定的参数方案有良好的可靠性.本文为无站点观测资料的流域水文研究建立了一个坚实的框架,并构建了合理的参数方案.     

动态空气动力学参数对玉米田陆-气通量模拟的影响——以BATSle模型为例

基于2006-2008年锦州玉米农田生态系统的通量、气象及生物因子连续观测,利用所建立的考虑玉米不同发育期叶面积指数、冠层高度和风速的地表粗糙度(z0)和零平面位移(d)动态参数化方案对BATS1e陆面模型进行改进,研究空气动力学参数变化对玉米田陆-气通量模拟的影响.结果表明:改进后的拖曳系数(CD)随植被覆盖度增大而增大,更符合实际;感热、潜热和土壤热通量的模拟精度均有不同程度改进,效率系数分别提高0.0569、0.0194和0.0384,生长季累计改进量分别占总辐射的0.9％、1.1％和1.2％;当输入真实的表层土壤湿度后,z0和d动态参数化对感热和潜热的改进作用更大.合理的动态空气动力学参数化方案对陆面过程模拟具有明显改善作用.     

Myocardial material parameter estimation: a comparison of invariant based orthotropic constitutive equations

This study investigated a number of invariant based orthotropic and transversely isotropic constitutive equations for their suitability to fit three-dimensional simple shear mechanics data of passive myocardial tissue.

A number of orthotropic laws based on Green strain components and one microstructurally based law have previously been investigated to fit experimental measurements of stress-strain behaviour. Here we extend this investigation to include several recently proposed functional forms, i.e. invariant based orthotropic and transversely isotropic constitutive relations.

These laws were compared on the basis of (i) ‘goodness of fit’: how well they fit a set of six shear deformation tests, (ii) ‘variability’: how well determined the material parameters are over the range of experiments. These criteria were utilised to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the constitutive laws.

It was found that a specific form of the polyconvex type as well as the exponential Fung-type law from the previous study were most suitable for modelling the orthotropic behaviour of myocardium under simple shear.     

A finite element study of invariant-based orthotropic constitutive equations in the context of myocardial material parameter estimation

A previous study investigated a number of invariant-based orthotropic and transversely isotropic constitutive equations for their suitability to fit three-dimensional simple shear mechanics data of passive myocardial tissue. The study was based on the assumption of a homogeneous deformation. Here, we extend the previous study by performing an inverse finite element material parameter estimation. This ensures a more realistic deformation state and material parameter estimates. The constitutive relations were compared on the basis of (i) ‘goodness of fit’: how well they fit a set of six shear deformation tests and (ii) ‘variability’: how well determined the material parameters are over the range of experiments. These criteria were utilised to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the constitutive relations. It was found that a specific form of the polyconvex type as well as the exponential Fung-type equations were most suitable for modelling the orthotropic behaviour of myocardium under simple shear.