新疆贝母属的订正

本文根据所收集到的标本和有关文献资料,对新疆贝母属进行了整理。归并9种和21变种。确认新疆贝母属有7种,包括一新分布种,裕民贝母F．stenanthera。     

兰科盆距兰属（Gastrochilus）植物的修订

本文对盆距兰属（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｃｈｉｌｕｓ）植物作了修订,共分３个组,含４６种和１变种,其中１个组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓｉ）和８个种（Ｇ．ｃａｒｎｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇａｒｈｗａｌｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｌｉｎｅａｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ,Ｇ．ｇｕａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓｕｂｐａｐｉｌｌｏｓｕｓ,Ｇ．ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｇ．ｓａｃｃａｔｕｓａｎｄＧ．ｇｏｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）为新的,首次在本文作了描述报导。本属属的形态特征,研究历史和订正后属下的分类群检索表,种的文献引证、简短的特征记要和地理分布以及在属中被排除的分类单位索引均提供在本文。     

石蝴蝶属(苦苣苔科)第二次校订

一、分类简史 Petrocosmea是由D.Oliver于1887年根据自湖北西部描述的P.sinensis Oliv.(花冠的上唇与下唇近等长)建立的。接着W.B.Hemsley分别于1895年和1899年根据云南东南部的标本描述了三个种,并根据P.iodioides Hemsl.及P.minorHemsl.的花冠下唇远长于上唇的特征建立了新组sect.Anisochilus Hemsl.。W.G.Craib于1919年发表了本属的第一篇校订,记载了当时已描述的15种,其中包括H.     

金丝猴(RHINOPITHECUS)脑的外部形态

本文是对三种金丝猴脑的外部形态的观察结果表明:金丝猴的大脑皮层除存在猴科固有的全部沟裂外,还较其他猴科动物具有更多的副沟。大脑的沟型与疣猴亚科的特征完全吻合,但是很多特点都较叶猴更近似于长臂猿。另外,除了蚓叶和蚓结节较小,四叠体的下丘较猕猴发达以外,金丝猴的小脑和脑干均与猴科的一般特征无明显差异。     

东亚飞蝗行为和形态型变的判定指标

通过田间、室外罩笼、室内行为测试等一系列实验,研究了东亚飞蝗群居型和散居型之间的行为和形态差异。确立了东亚飞蝗不同生态型个体的形态和行为指标．结果表明,雌雄散居型蝗蝻每分钟的跳跃次数均在1．4以下,转向次数分别在1．3和1．4以下;雌雄群居型蝗蝻每分钟的跳跃次数均在1．6以上,转向次数分别在1．6和1．5以上．群居型蝗虫的跳跃次数、转向次数显著高于散居型蝗虫。所以跳跃次数、转向次数可作为东亚飞蝗行为型变判定指标．在同型不同性别的蝗虫之间行为型变指标没有显著差异．F／C值可作为4龄以上东亚飞蝗的形态型变判定指标。而E／F值可作为东亚飞蝗成虫的形态型变判定指标．两型的F／C值都随龄期的增长而增加,且同龄期雄虫F／C均大于雌虫F／C．F／C、E／F值在不同型态和同型不同性别间均存在极显著差异．因此,确定两型形态型变标准时应将雌、雄虫分开,即雌性和雄性散居型第4、5龄及成虫的F／C值分别大于2．5、2．8、3．3和2．6、2．9、3．5;雌性和雄性群居型第4、5龄及成虫的F／C值分别小于2．5、2．7、3．1和2．5、2．8、3．3．成虫的E／F值也可以作为成蝗形态型变的判断指标．     

广东省淡水红藻弯枝藻属一种（Compsopogon sp．）的形态描述及分类地位探讨

2009年8月在广东省龙川县定南水河采集到一份弯枝藻属的标本,其形态特征介于弯枝藻（Compsopogon caeruleus）和疏枝弯枝藻（Csparsus）之间。植物体株高10～18cm,主轴直径180～270μm,微收缢;中轴细胞近球形和扁球形,横壁收缢明显,直径150-200μm,高100～110μm;皮层细胞1层,中轴细胞缢缩处为2—3层;多角形或卵形,长25~35μm,直径20-25μm;分枝直出至侧生,某些基部细胞特化为假根;分枝顶端渐尖、急尖或二叉状;单孢子球形,直径10—14μm。该标本可能为弯枝藻和疏枝弯枝藻在演化过程中的一种过渡类型。     

Hyperbaric and normobaric reoxygenation of hypoxic rat brain slices--impact on purine nucleotides and cell viability

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been suggested as able to reduce hypoxia induced neuronal damage. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of different reoxygenation strategies on early metabolical (purine nucleotide content determined by HPLC) and morphological changes (index of cell injury after celestine blue/acid fuchsin staining) of hypoxically damaged rat neocortical brain slices. For this purpose slices (300 μm and 900 μm) were subjected to either 5 or 30 min of hypoxia by gassing the incubation medium with nitrogen. During the following reoxygenation period treatment groups were administered either 100% oxygen (O) or room air (A) at normobaric (1 atm absolute, NB-O; NB-A) or hyperbaric (2.5 atm absolute, HB-O; HB-A) conditions. After 5 min of hypoxia, both HB-O and NB-O led to a complete nucleotide status restoration (ATP/ADP; GTP/GDP) in 300 μm slices. However, reoxygenation after 30 min of hypoxia was less effective, irrespective of the oxygen pressure. Furthermore, administering hyperbaric room air resulted in no significant posthypoxic nucleotide recovery. In 900 μm slices, both control incubation as well as 30 min of hypoxia resulted in significantly lower trinucleotide and higher dinucleotide levels compared to 300 μm slices. While there was no significant difference between HB-O and NB-O on the nucleotide status, morphological evaluation revealed a better recovery of the index of cell injury (profoundly injured/intact cell-ratio) in the HB-O group. Conclusively, the posthypoxic recovery of metabolical characteristics was dependent on the duration of hypoxia and slice thickness, but not on the reoxygenation pressure. A clear restorative effect on purine nucleotides was found only in early-administered HB-O as well as NB-O in contrast to room air treated slices. However, these pressure independent metabolic changes were morphologically accompanied by a significantly improved index of cell injury, indicating a possible neuroprotective role of HB-O in early posthypoxic reoxygenation.     

Differential effects of water depth and sediment type on clonal growth of the submersed macrophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vallisneria natans</Emphasis>

The response of clonal growth and ramet morphology to water depth (from 60 to 260 cm) and sediment type (sand versus organic clay) was investigated for the stoloniferous submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans in an outdoor pond experiment. Results showed that water depth significantly affected clonal growth of V. natans in terms of clone weight, number of ramets, number of generations, clonal radius and stolon length. V. natans showed an optimal clonal growth at water depths of 110–160 cm, but at greater depths clonal growth was severely retarded. A high allometric effect was exhibited in ramet morphology. Along the sequentially produced ramet generations, ramet weight and plant height decreased while stolon length and the root:leaf weight ratio increased. When using ramet generations as covariate, sediment type rather than water depth more strongly affected the ramet characteristics. For plants grown in clay, ramet weight, ramet height and stolon length were greater, and plants exhibited lower root:leaf weight ratio. These data suggest that water depth and sediment type have differential effects on clonal growth of V. natans: Water depth appears primarily to affect numerical increase in ramets and spatial spread, whereas sediment type mainly affects biomass accumulation and biomass allocation. Handling editor: S. M. Thomaz     

岷江上游干旱河谷海拔梯度上白刺花叶片生态解剖特征研究

对岷江上游干旱河谷海拔梯度上（1 650～1 950 m）白刺花(Sophora davidii)叶片进行生态解剖学研究.观测指标包括叶片形态特征（叶长宽比、叶面积、叶片厚度）、解剖结构（表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度(P)、海绵组织厚度(S)、P/S比值、表皮角质膜厚度）及叶表皮特征（气孔器密度和面积、表皮细胞密度和面积、表皮毛密度和长度）.结果表明,白刺花叶片面积为0.144～0.208 cm²,叶总厚度为171.58～195.83 μm;叶肉组织分化明显,栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度分别为69.83～82.42和62.00～ 80.67 μm,P/S的比值为1.14～1.01,上下表皮厚度分别为14.03～15.33和13.88～16.17 μm,上下角质膜厚度分别为2.66～4.56和2.76～2.02 μm;气孔密度为13.71～15.02个·mm^-2,其面积为249.86～280.43 μm²;表皮细胞密度为160.54～178.43个·mm^-2,其面积为557.43～626.85 μm²;表皮毛长度为186.51～260.99 μm,其密度为18.29～32.27个·mm^-2.随海拔升高叶面积、叶厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度、气孔器面积、表皮细胞面积以及表皮毛密度呈增加趋势,而角质膜厚度、表皮细胞密度和表皮毛长度则呈减小趋势;叶长宽比、P/S的比值、表皮厚度与气孔器密度无明显差异.