甘西鼠尾草化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及其他分离手段从甘西鼠尾草中分离得到12个化合物,根据化合物理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为:丹参酮ⅡA(1)、丹参酮Ⅰ(2)、丹参内酯(3)、隐丹参酮(4)、丹参酸甲酯(5)、间羟基苯甲醛(6)、迷迭香酚(7)、异迷迭香酚(8)、紫丹参甲素(9)、紫丹参乙素(10)、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ(11)、丹参新醌甲(12)。其中化合物7、8为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物6为首次从该属植物分离得到。     

雪白睡莲花酚类成分研究

采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS RP-18和Sephadex LH-20柱从雪白睡莲的干燥花蕾中分离得到7个酚类成分,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构,分别为:isostrictiniin(1)、老鹤草素(2)、鞣花酸(3)、短叶苏木酚(4)、Annulatin 3’-O-β-D-xyloside(5)、短叶苏木酚酸甲酯(6),1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰基葡萄糖(7)。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,5和6首次从该属植物中分得。     

Lipids and Related Substances Inducing the Lipase Production by Candida paralipolytica

Properties of autolytic breakdown of rat skeletal muscle proteins in the alkaline pH range have been reported. The activity is almost exclusively localized in the myofibrillar fraction, but is not solubilized with Triton X-100. The activity is affected by the KCI concentration in the reaction mixture. In 0.6 M and the more concentrated KCI solutions, the maximum activity is attained. The optimum pH of the activity is in the range of pH 7.5～9.5, and the optimum temperature is between 47～57°C.

This autolytic activity seems to be different from catheptic activity which shows its optimum pH in the acid pH range. Moreover, though more than half of the catheptic activity of rat skeletal muscle is recovered in the myofibrillar fraction, the catheptic activity in the myofibrillar fraction can be removed from the fraction by the extraction with dilute saline solution containing Triton X-100.     

广西被子植物二新记录属

在第四次中药资源普查中采集了大量标本,经过对这些标本进行仔细鉴定并查阅相关资料,确定其中两号标本为香茜属(Carlemannia Benth.)和粘腺果属(Commicarpus Standl.)植物。这两属植物在广西尚无报道,为首次记录。香茜属植物叶对生,子房下位,无托叶,雄蕊仅有2枚,这和茜草科相似但又不同,系统位置较混乱,以前曾放于茜草科( Rubiaceae)和忍冬科( Caprifoliaceae)中,最近该属和蜘蛛花属独立成香茜科( Car-lemanniaceae)。该属植物共有3种,沿喜马拉雅山脉向东一直分布到缅甸、越南北部。我国西藏东南、云南南部、广西西北部分布一种即香茜( Carlenannia chinenesis Hook. f.)。粘腺果属是紫茉莉科( Nyctaginaceae)主产热带地区的1个属,全世界约25种分布于热带非洲和阿拉伯半岛南部,在南亚、东南亚和墨西哥至热带美洲也有少量分布。中国产2种,其中广西产1种即中华粘腺果[ Commiaicarpus chinensis ( L.) Heim.]。该种植物分布广泛,从南亚次大陆向东至中南半岛、马来半岛,向北到我国西沙群岛、海南岛以及广州附近,在广西首次记录,产凤山县和凌云县。     

广西禾本科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西禾本科(Poaceae)植物二新记录属,即菵草属( Beckmannia Host)和草沙蚕属( Tripogon Roem. et Schult.)。菵草属有2种及1变种,分布较广,我国有1种1变种,广西首次记录到该属的菵草[ Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.]。草沙蚕属约有30种,多分布于亚洲和非洲,我国有11种,广西首次记录到该属的线形草沙蚕( Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud.)。同时,还提供了2个新记录属、种的形态描述与照片。     

曲霉属真菌活性代谢产物及在农业生产中的应用研究进展

曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌是一类分布广泛的丝状真菌,种类繁多,代谢产物丰富,应用广泛,在农业、医药、生物能源、化妆品、食品发酵等行业均有应用。对近年来曲霉属真菌活性代谢产物在抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒方面的研究进展进行了综述。结合实验室研究成果,对近年来曲霉属真菌代谢产物在秸秆腐熟菌剂、溶磷生物菌剂、拮抗植物寄生线虫等农业生产领域中的应用进行综述,以期为开发应用曲霉属真菌活性代谢产物的研究提供参考。     

奶子藤属植物中生物碱研究进展

奶子藤属植物为傣族传统常用药材,含有大量结构复杂,生物活性良好的生物碱类成分。本文针对奶子藤属植物中已分离鉴定的95个生物碱及其体外抗肿瘤和抗HIV活性研究进行了系统综述,为更加合理地开发利用奶子藤属植物资源提供参考依据。     

Reproduction strategy of Trias verrucosa (Orchidaceae) from China

Trias, an orchid genus, was reported in this paper from China as a newly recorded genus for the first time. The genus and its new species, T. verrucosa Z. J. Liu, L. J. Chen et S. P. Lei, were described and discussed. Trias consists of 19 species ranging from Assam of India to Indonesia and Australia in the southeast via Myanmar to Deccan of India in the southwest. Its occurrence in West Yunnan of China is a further indication of phytogeographical relations between this region and the tropical Asia. This new species grows on shady rocks in forests. By observing of its biological characteristics such as phenology and blooming biology, lots of cloned ramets of generation overlap were found, but there were no fruited plants, and that clonal reproduction could repeat had nothing to do with whether the ramet bloomed or not. The flowering season of this species is from early April to early May. The opening of flowers on plants or inflorescence was irregular and the florescence of single flowers was rather short, only lasting 4–5 d, and no fruited flowers were found. Based on the detection of mating systems, no flowers of artificial self-pollination and artificial cross-pollination have fruited. Since the flowering period is just before the rainy season in this region, the ecological conditions of dryness, strong wind, low temperature and weak light during that period of time are evidently unfavorable to plant blooming, pollinating and fruiting. Apparently, the short duration and sterility of each flower would avoid the invalid energy waste in unfavorable circumstances and save the limited energy for more valid asexual reproduction so that the opportunity of multiplication in an uncertain environment would be increased to ensure the progenitive success. The P/O value of T. verrucosa is 187.4 ± 22.4, which is obviously related with the highly valid usage of its conglutinated and hard tuberous pollinarium during pollination, indicating that this species could hold the characteristic of sexual reproduction. This is an adaptation of this type of plants to the rather atrocious ecological circumstance there by its reproduction strategy of strengthening asexual reproduction and weakening sexual reproduction, and so it enables the plants to survive in this region, long-distanced from the places where its relatives dwell.     

Odorella benthonica gen. & sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales,Cyanobacteria): an odor and prolific toxin producer isolated from a California aqueduct

Pleurocapsales are one of the least understood groups of cyanobacteria in terms of molecular systematics and biochemistry. Considering the high number of cryptic taxa within the Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales, it is likely that such taxa also occur in the Pleurocapsales. The new genus described in our research is the first known pleurocapsalean cryptic taxon. It produces off‐flavor and a large number of bioactive metabolites (n = 38) some of which can be toxic including four known microcystins. Using a polyphasic approach, we propose the establishment of the genus Odorella with the new species O. benthonica from material originally isolated from the California Aqueduct near Los Angeles.