PCBP1在基因表达过程中的功能和作用机理

Poly（C）-binding protein 1 （PCBP 1）是一种RNA结合蛋白,其蛋白质相对分子质量约为38000。PCBP1含三个KH（hnRNP K homology）结构域,这些结构域对其结合RNA有重要作用。PCBP1的功能主要是参与基因转录及转录后调节,如前体mRNA的剪切、mRNA稳定性、mRNA翻译过程的沉默或增强等。本文主要对PCBP1参与的信号通路以及与人类疾病的关系进行综述,试图阐明PCBP1的生物学功能和作用机理。     

染色质免疫沉淀-测序：全基因组范围研究蛋白质-DNA相互作用的新技术

染色质免疫沉淀-测序(ChIP-seq)是近年来新兴的将染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)与深度测序技术相结合,在全基因组范围内分析DNA结合蛋白结合位点、组蛋白修饰、核小体定位和DNA甲基化的高通量技术．在新一代测序(NGS)技术的大力推动下,ChIP-seq提供了一种相对于ChIP-chip高分辨率、低噪音、高覆盖率的研究方法．随着测序成本的降低,ChIP-seq逐步成为研究基因调控和表观遗传机制的一种常用手段．本文就该技术的最近研究进展进行综述,并着重介绍ChIP-seq数据分析过程及该技术的实际应用情况.     

Histone H3K27me3 demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B modulate definitive endoderm differentiation from human ESCs by regulating WNT signaling pathway

Definitive endoderm differentiation is crucial for generating respiratory and gastrointestinal organs including pancreas and liver. However, whether epigenetic regulation contributes to this process is unknown. Here, we show that the H3K27me3 demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B play an important role in endoderm differentiation from human ESCs. Knockdown of KDM6A or KDM6B impairs endoderm differentiation, which can be rescued by sequential treatment with WNT agonist and antagonist. KDM6A and KDM6B contribute to the activation of WNT3 and DKK1 at different differentiation stages when WNT3 and DKK1 are required for mesendoderm and definitive endoderm differentiation, respectively. Our study not only uncovers an important role of the H3K27me3 demethylases in definitive endoderm differentiation, but also reveals that they achieve this through modulating the WNT signaling pathway.     

microRNAs在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用

microRNA（miRNA）在人类恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。近期研究表明,miRNA通过结合特定靶标参与调控肝细胞癌（hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC）的发生,可作为辅助生物标志物用于指导肝细胞癌的诊断和治疗,并为有效地监控和预防肝病提供了新途径。寻找miRNA靶标,阐明miRNA参与肝癌发生的调控机理,有利于肝癌的临床靶向基因治疗。通过总结miRNA在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用的研究进展,为寻找肝细胞癌早期诊断的生物标志物及介入治疗的靶点提供了参考。     

独脚金内酯调控植物侧枝发育的分子机制及其与生长素交互作用的研究进展

对独脚金内酯（strigolactones,SLs）调控植物侧枝发育的分子机制及其与生长素相互作用的相关研究结果进行了总结和归纳,在此基础上提出今后的重点研究方向。相关的研究结果显示：在拟南芥[Arabidops~thaliana（Linn．）Heynh．]、豌豆（Pisum sativum Linn．）和水稻（Oryza sativa Linn．）等植物多枝突变体中SLs作为可转导信号参与侧枝发育的分子调控,从这些植物中已克隆获得参与SLs生物合成及信号应答途径的一些基因。作为一种植物激素,SLs在侧枝发育调控网络中与生长素相互作用;腋芽发育与其中生长素的输出密切相关,SLs通过调控芽中生长素的输出间接抑制腋芽发育和侧枝生长,而生长素则在SLs生物合成中起调节作用。     

影响真菌漆酶表达及其活性的因素

丝状真菌同一菌株中存在动力学、理化特性各异的多个漆酶同工酶。金属离子,碳、氮等培养基成分,培养条件,以及异生物质、热休克处理和共培养的菌株等多种生物和非生物的因素对真菌漆酶同工酶表现出选择性诱导效应。影响真菌漆酶表达及其调控因素的研究能指导漆酶的选择性合成,以满足不同的应用需求。主要阐述影响真菌漆酶表达及其活性的因素的相关研究进展。     

Isolation of 1-(1′-2′ S-Nornicotino)-1-deoxy-β-d-fructofuranose and Its Formation in Flue-curing Process of Tobacco Leaves

1-(1′-2′ S-Nornicotino)-1-deoxy-β-d-fructofuranose was first isolated from flue-cured leaves of Cherry Red tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, cv. Bright Yellow. Its structure was established spectrometrically and synthetically. This substance was shown to be formed from nornicotine during flue-curing. Its smoking effect was mild.     

The Yeast Checkpoint Kinase Dun1 Downregulates DIN7 in the Absence of DNA Damage

Yeast DIN7 is a DNA damage-inducible gene. Its expression is increased in the absence of Dun1, a DNA damage checkpoint kinase. We identified a DIN7 promoter region responsible for Dun1-mediated downregulation and found that DIN7 expression was not further increased in response to hydroxyurea in Δdun1 cells. Thus DIN7 repression by Dun1 can be released upon DNA damage.