腹腔镜手术治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术处理急性粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果,为普外科手术提供参考。方法:选取2012年2月-2013年3月我院收治的74例急性粘连性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。根据手术方式不同,将病例分为对照组和腹腔镜组,每组37例,对照组实施开腹手术,腹腔镜组行微创治疗。观察并比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、下床活动时间、肠蠕动恢复时间、住院时间、复发率及术后并发症等。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间为(67.82±9.57)min,术中出血量为(296.48±33.24)mL,肠蠕动恢复时间为(11.12±1.33)d,下床活动时间为(6.05±1.85)d,住院时间为(8.44±1.63)d,复发率为10.81%,并发症发生率为13.51%;对照组手术时间为(88.16±8.94)min,术中出血量为(482.32±24.21)mL,肠蠕动恢复时间为(18.18±1.09)d,下床活动时间为(8.47±1.23)d,住院时间为(11.28±1.91)d,复发率为19.44%,并发症发生率为30.55%;腹腔镜组各项指标均优于对照组,差异显著具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术用于治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻具有手术时间短、出血少及并发症发生率低等优势,效果显著值得临床推广。     

二次肿瘤细胞减灭术在铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌中的作用

目的:探讨二次肿瘤细胞减灭术对铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌治疗的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院于2002年1月至2012年12月收治的115例铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌患者的临床及随访资料。结果:在115例铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌中,66例接受了二次肿瘤细胞减灭术(手术组),术后辅以铂类为基础的化疗。49例患者只接受了以铂类为基础的化疗(对照组)。两组患者肿瘤病理分型无统计学差异(P=0.485)。与对照组相比,手术组FIGO分期IV期患者的比例少(15.2%VS 34.7%,P=0.014),低分化患者的比例少(71.2%VS 91.8%,P=0.024),多发复发病灶患者的比例少(28.3%VS 49.0%,P=0.027)。平均随访30.2个月(6-48个月),Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,手术组与对照组患者的中位生存期分别为35.0个月和27.0个月,差异有统计学差异(Log rank 7.9,P=0.005)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,校正了年龄、肿瘤病理类型、病理分级及FIGO分期后,不同治疗方案是复发上皮性卵巢癌患者远期生存率的独立影响因素。结论:二次肿瘤细胞减灭术可以改善铂类敏感的复发性卵巢上皮癌患者的临床预后。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者 肠黏膜通透性的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者肠黏膜通透性的影响及疗效观察。方法选取70例结肠癌术后行辅助化疗发生化疗相关性腹泻患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组35例。两组患者均予以口服蒙脱石散、静脉补液或口服补液和纠正水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱等常规治疗。观察组患者加用双歧三联活菌胶囊420 mg/次,3次/d,温开水溶解后口服。观察两组患者治疗前和治疗72 h后血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的变化,并比较临床疗效及药物不良反应。结果治疗72 h后,两组患者DAO和TNF-α水平均有不同程度下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组下降程度较对照组更明显（P〈0.05）;同时观察组患者临床总有效率（94.29%）明显高于对照组（74.29%）（χ2=5.29,P〈0.05）,两组患者治疗期间无明显的药物不良反应。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊用于治疗结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻具有较好的疗效及安全性,能降低血清DAO和TNF-α水平,具有降低肠黏膜的通透性功能。     

慢性下肢静脉曲张性溃疡的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的观察绍兴市人民医院血管外科慢性下肢静脉曲张性溃疡（CLU）患者的病原菌分布以及耐药特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对该院血管外科2012年1月至2013年12月的CLU患者,其溃疡面渗出物培养出的病原菌及耐药性进行回顾性分析。结果病原菌分布较广泛,以铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G的耐药率最高,达到97.37%,对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药率分别为60.53%和55.26%,对利奈唑烷和万古霉素全部敏感。铜绿假单胞菌对抗生素的敏感性较好。结论 CLU患者感染的病原菌分布广泛,且易多重感染,临床在采用外科治疗的同时,宜合理使用抗生素,针对不同患者采取个体化、系统化治疗方案,以提高治愈率,降低复发率。     

Evaluation of a Novel Laser-assisted Coronary Anastomotic Connector - the Trinity Clip - in a Porcine Off-pump Bypass Model

To simplify and facilitate beating heart (i.e., off-pump), minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery, a new coronary anastomotic connector, the Trinity Clip, is developed based on the excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis technique. The Trinity Clip connector enables simplified, sutureless, and nonocclusive connection of the graft to the coronary artery, and an excimer laser catheter laser-punches the opening of the anastomosis. Consequently, owing to the complete nonocclusive anastomosis construction, coronary conditioning (i.e., occluding or shunting) is not necessary, in contrast to the conventional anastomotic technique, hence simplifying the off-pump bypass procedure. Prior to clinical application in coronary artery bypass grafting, the safety and quality of this novel connector will be evaluated in a long-term experimental porcine off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) study. In this paper, we describe how to evaluate the coronary anastomosis in the porcine OPCAB model using various techniques to assess its quality. Representative results are summarized and visually demonstrated.     

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. However, due to the small size of the mouse, technical details of the intraoperative monitoring procedure suitable for the mouse were rarely described. Previously we have reported a monitoring procedure to obtain hemodynamic parameters for rats. Now, we adapted the procedure to acquire systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters in mice, a species ten-fold smaller than rats. This film demonstrates the instrumentation of the animals as well as the data acquisition process needed to assess systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in mice. Vital parameters, including body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate were recorded throughout the whole procedure. Systemic hemodynamic parameters consist of carotid artery pressure (CAP) and central venous pressure (CVP). Hepatic perfusion parameters include portal vein pressure (PVP), portal flow rate as well as the flow rate of the common hepatic artery (table 1). Instrumentation and data acquisition to record the normal values was completed within 1.5 h. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters remained within normal ranges during this procedure.This procedure is challenging but feasible. We have already applied this procedure to assess hepatic hemodynamics in normal mice as well as during 70% partial hepatectomy and in liver lobe clamping experiments. Mean PVP after resection (n= 20), was 11.41±2.94 cmH₂O which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than before resection (6.87±2.39 cmH₂O). The results of liver lobe clamping experiment indicated that this monitoring procedure is sensitive and suitable for detecting small changes in portal pressure and portal flow rate. In conclusion, this procedure is reliable in the hands of an experienced micro-surgeon but should be limited to experiments where mice are absolutely needed.     

Specific features of ex‐obese patients significantly influence the functional cell properties of adipose‐derived stromal cells

Adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSC) are increasingly used in clinical applications due to their regenerative capabilities. However, ADSC therapies show variable results. This study analysed the effects of specific factors of ex‐obese patients on ADSC functions. ADSC were harvested from abdominal tissues (N = 20) after massive weight loss. Patients were grouped according to age, sex, current and maximum body mass index (BMI), BMI difference, weight loss method, smoking and infection at the surgical site. ADSC surface markers, viability, migration, transmigration, sprouting, differentiation potential, cytokine secretion, telomere length and mtDNA copy number were analysed. All ADSC expressed CD73, CD90, CD105, while functional properties differed significantly among patients. A high BMI difference due to massive weight loss was negatively correlated with ADSC proliferation, migration and transmigration, while age, sex or weight loss method had a smaller effect. ADSC from female and younger donors and individuals after weight loss by increase of exercise and diet change had a higher activity. Telomere length, mtDNA copy number, differentiation potential and the secretome did not correlate with patient factors or cell function. Therefore, we suggest that factors such as age, sex, increase of exercise and especially weight loss should be considered for patient selection and planning of regenerative therapies.     

胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及感染危险因素分析

目的 探究胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及其感染高危因素,为该类患者的治疗提供参考.方法 选择2017年1月至2019年10月于我院行胃肠道手术的106例患者为研究对象,检测感染患者病原菌分布,同时检测感染与非感染患者肠道菌群情况,分析患者术后感染的相关危险因素.结果 106例胃肠道手术患者中感染18例(16.98％),...     

妊娠期卵巢过度刺激综合征合并卵巢蒂扭转行腹腔镜下保留卵巢术的可行性及安全性研究

目的:研究妊娠期卵巢过度刺激综合征合并卵巢蒂扭转行腹腔镜下保留卵巢术的可行性及安全性。方法:对本院2010年1月-2017年12月妇科住院的9例妊娠期卵巢过度刺激综合征合并卵巢蒂扭转患者进行腹腔镜下保留卵巢术,观察其发病时间、卵巢扭转情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及妊娠结局等。结果:9例患者术后均无明显并发症发生,术后随访9例患者妊娠结局均良好,其中,8例患者足月产,1例早产。结论:腹腔镜下妊娠期卵巢过度刺激综合征合并卵巢蒂扭转保留卵巢术对患者维持妊娠及生育功能的影响小、术后并发症低,是一种安全、可行性强的手术。     

PBL结合询证医学模式在普通外科临床教学中的应用

目的:基于问题的学习(PBL)结合询证医学(EMB)模式在普通外科临床教学中的应用。方法:选择2015年9月到2016年1月在我院学习的普通外科专业学生74例纳入本次研究,根据简单数字随机表法将其划分为观察组(PBL结合EBM教学模式)以及对照组(传统教学模式)各37例,对比两组考试成绩,课程相关指标,以及评优情况。结果:观察组的基础知识得分、主观题考试得分、个案分析得分以及总分均分别明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的课前准备时间、课堂发言次数及授课满意度均明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组药物选择合理、患者状态评估准确以及符合临床实际上的评优率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL结合EBM模式应用在普通外科的临床教学过程中,效果明显,能较好地激发学生学习兴趣并提高其学习成绩,还可提升学生的评优率,值得给予推广。