硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响研究

目的:研究硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法:选取120例我院2015年1月到2016年1月收治的开胸手术患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,对照组给予单纯全麻,研究组给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组苏醒时间、苏醒期收缩压、舒张压、心率及烦躁情况,并比较两组术前、术后72 h血糖、皮质醇以及肾上腺素水平。结果:两组苏醒时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05),苏醒期研究组收缩压、舒张压及心率、烦躁发生率均较对照组降低(P0.05);两组术前血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素比较无统计学差异(P0.05);术后72 h,两组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均升高(P0.05);研究组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均较对照组降低(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外复合全身麻醉应用于开胸手术能显著提高患者苏醒期苏醒质量,稳定血流动力学,改善其应激反应。     

Intraoperative multispectral and hyperspectral label‐free imaging: A systematic review of in vivo clinical studies

Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) are emerging optical imaging techniques with the potential to transform the way surgery is performed but it is not clear whether current systems are capable of delivering real‐time tissue characterization and surgical guidance. We conducted a systematic review of surgical in vivo label‐free multispectral and HSI systems that have been assessed intraoperatively in adult patients, published over a 10‐year period to May 2018. We analysed 14 studies including 8 different HSI systems. Current in‐vivo HSI systems generate an intraoperative tissue oxygenation map or enable tumour detection. Intraoperative tissue oxygenation measurements may help to predict those patients at risk of postoperative complications and in‐vivo intraoperative tissue characterization may be performed with high specificity and sensitivity. All systems utilized a line‐scanning or wavelength‐scanning method but the spectral range and number of spectral bands employed varied significantly between studies and according to the system's clinical aim. The time to acquire a hyperspectral cube dataset ranged between 5 and 30 seconds. No safety concerns were reported in any studies. A small number of studies have demonstrated the capabilities of intraoperative in‐vivo label‐free HSI but further work is needed to fully integrate it into the current surgical workflow.      

脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病影响因素及抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子表达变化情况分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病影响因素及抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子表达变化情况。方法：选择2016年9月到2021年5月本院完成脊髓外科手术的患者83例作为研究对象,检测血清抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子（NTFs）表达水平。所有患者都给予抑郁自评量表（SDS）调查、执行功能行为评定量表成人版自评问卷（BRIEF-A）评分并进行相关性分析。结果：83例患者术后平均SDS评分为45.10±2.87分,判定为精神障碍23例（精神障碍组）,占比27.7 %。精神障碍组的性别、年龄、手术时间、术中出血量与非精神障碍组对比无差异（P>0.05）,精神障碍组的饮酒、术后清醒时间与非精神障碍组对比有差异（P<0.05）。精神障碍组的BRI自我控制、情感控制、转移、抑制等评分与MI任务启动、任务监督、工作记忆、计划、组织评分都高于非精神障碍组（P<0.05）。精神障碍组的血清NTFs含量低于非精神障碍组,血清HA与5-HT含量高于非精神障碍组（P<0.05）。在83例患者中,Pearson分析显示SDS评分与饮酒、术后清醒时间、血清NTFs、NA、5-HT含量都存在相关性（P<0.05）;二分类logistic逐步回归显示术后清醒时间、血清NTFs、NA、5-HT含量都为导致脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍的发生较常见,可导致患者认知与执行功能降低,多伴随有抑制性神经递质水平表达上升与神经营养因子表达下降,血清NTFs、NE、5-HT含量都为导致精神障碍发病的重要因素。     

根据退行性脊柱侧凸患者症状选择不同手术方案的临床研究

目的:探究根据退行性脊柱侧凸患者症状选择不同手术方案的治疗效果。方法:随机选取我院2007年9月到2015年10月收治的退行性脊柱侧凸患者124例,根据症状不同分A组和B组。A组62例患者腰背痛,接受长节段矫形内固定术;B组62例患者下肢症状明显,接受责任节段减压内固术。治疗期间记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、固定节段数及腰前凸角度,于治疗前、治疗后1个月以及末次随访时腰椎侧凸处的Cobb角,并采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者疗效。结果:A组手术时间、出血量、固定节段数及腰前凸角度显著高于B组(P0.05);治疗后和末次随访两组患者VAS评分、ODI指数及Cobb角均有明显好转(P0.05),两组治疗后和末次随访之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:退行性脊柱侧凸在治疗时需根据患者具体症状选择不同的手术方案,长节段矫形内固定术耗时长、术中出血量多,在治疗时应谨慎,预防相关并发症的发生。     

Surgical and Molecular Evaluation of Pediatric Hydatid Cyst Cases in Eastern Turkey

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem worldwide, including Turkey. The aim of the current study was to identify the strains and to estimate the potential risk factors of E. granulosus in operated pediatric cases in eastern Turkey. Ten pediatric patients (7 boys and 3 girls) living in rural areas, with ages ranging from 3 to 15 years old and various clinical histories, were included in this study. Eight patients had only liver hydatid cyst, while 1 patient had liver and lung hydatid cyst and the other liver, lung, and spleen, together. There were 2 ruptured liver cysts. After surgery, during follow-up, no increase was observed in hemagglutination levels, there were no mortalities, and there was no evidence of recurrence at 2 years post operation in all patients. Molecular analysis was performed on hydatid cyst samples obtained from the 10 pediatric cases. According to mt-12S rRNA PCR results, all cases were found to be G1/G3 cluster of E. granulosus sensu stricto.     

胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及感染危险因素分析

目的 探究胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及其感染高危因素,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。 方法 选择2017年1月至2019年10月于我院行胃肠道手术的106例患者为研究对象,检测感染患者病原菌分布,同时检测感染与非感染患者肠道菌群情况,分析患者术后感染的相关危险因素。 结果 106例胃肠道手术患者中感染18例(16.98%),共分离出病原菌23株,其中革兰阴性菌占52.17%(12/23),以大肠埃希菌(34.78%,8/23)为主;革兰阳性菌占43.48%(10/23),以金黄色葡萄球菌(26.09%,6/23)为主;真菌占4.35%(1/23)。感染患者肠道大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌数量均明显高于未感染患者,双歧杆菌数量明显低于未感染患者(均P60岁、急诊手术、普通手术室、参观手术人数>3人、手术时间>2 h、接台手术均为胃肠道手术患者术后感染的独立危险因素(均P结论 胃肠道手术患者术后感染风险较高,同时会出现肠道菌群失衡。重视患者高危因素对提高患者手术效果,调整肠道菌群失衡和改善患者预后意义重大。     

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert,Head-restrained Rats

There are a variety of techniques to monitor extracellular activity of single neuronal units. However, monitoring this activity from deep brain structures in behaving animals remains a technical challenge, especially if the structures must be targeted stereotaxically. This protocol describes convenient surgical and electrophysiological techniques that maintain the animal’s head in the stereotaxic plane and unambiguously isolate the spiking activity of single neurons. The protocol combines head restraint of alert rodents, juxtacellular monitoring with micropipette electrodes, and iontophoretic dye injection to identify the neuron location in post-hoc histology. While each of these techniques is in itself well-established, the protocol focuses on the specifics of their combined use in a single experiment. These neurophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques are combined with behavioral monitoring. In the present example, the combined techniques are used to determine how self-generated vibrissa movements are encoded in the activity of neurons within the somatosensory thalamus. More generally, it is straightforward to adapt this protocol to monitor neuronal activity in conjunction with a variety of behavioral tasks in rats, mice, and other animals. Critically, the combination of these methods allows the experimenter to directly relate anatomically-identified neurophysiological signals to behavior.     

Exploration of disease mechanism in acute kidney injury using a multiplex bead array assay: a nested case–control pilot study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes increased morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the plasma profile of biomarkers potentially involved in AKI development following CPB.

Methods: In a nested case–control study, plasma levels of 27 biomarkers in 11 AKI cases were compared with 25 controls.

Results: Pre-CPB, plasma levels of epidermal growth factor and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, 2?h following CPB, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), fractalkine and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and at later time points, sVCAM-1 and interleukin-6 were associated with AKI.

Conclusion: Biomarkers associated with AKI following CPB may merit further study.     

经口激光显微手术治疗声门型喉癌的研究进展

经口激光显微手术(transoral laser microsurgery,TLM)应用于声门型喉癌(glottic carcinoma,GC)具有显著的优越性:安全有效,局部复发率低,喉保留率高,实现了GC的微创治疗。大量的研究表明TLM应用于早期GC的疗效与放射治疗和喉裂开术相似。因其不但损伤更小,更加精确,而且患者术后生活质量更好,为早期GC的首选治疗方式。目前将TLM推广应用到中晚期GC、前联合喉癌以及挽救放疗或TLM后早期复发性GC的治疗中,可能为有效保留喉部功能的治疗方式,但是国内相关的文献报道较少,较多的报道了开放性手术仍是GC主要的治疗方式。因此,本文就TLM治疗GC的现状、手术疗效、优越性、应用前景等方面做一综述,进一步研究及认识TLM对GC的治疗有非常重要的临床应用价值。     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉对急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者麻醉效果、血流动力学及炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉对急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者麻醉效果、血流动力学及炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2018年1月到2019年12月期间我院收治的120例急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者,根据信封抽签法分为对照组60例（丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼）和观察组60例（七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼）,对比两组麻醉效果、血流动力学、炎性因子及不良反应。结果：观察组术毕（T5）时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）与麻醉前（T1）比较未见显著性差异（P>0.05）,观察组插管后1 min（T2）~T5时间点HR、MAP高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后1 d、术后3 d 肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白水平（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）均高于术前,观察组术后1 d、术后3 d CRP、IL-6、TNF-α低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间、睁眼时间、言语应答时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：急性胆囊炎腹腔镜手术患者采用七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉,麻醉效果较好,可平稳患者血流动力学,减轻炎症应激且安全性较好。