兔食管静脉曲张模型的建立

目的建立新西兰兔的食管静脉曲张模型,为下一步的临床研究提供可靠的小型动物模型。方法采用门静脉左支完全夹闭法造模,并通过外观、超声、胃镜等检查检验手段对造模结果加以评估。结果术后8周存活动物100%可见食管静脉曲张。结论通过门静脉左支夹闭法,基本可以建立兔食管静脉曲张模型。     

具有保肝作用的天然药物开发进展

肝脏是机体代谢的最主要场所,也是机体最容易遭受到损伤的脏器之一,各种因素引起的肝损伤已成为威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一。肝损伤机制主要与线粒体损伤、自由基脂质过氧化、炎症细胞因子分泌和细胞膜损伤有关。目前已报道很多天然药物具有显著保肝作用,且具有疗效稳定、副作用低、多途径作用、作用温和持久等优势,已广泛用于肝脏疾病的防治。本文对肝损伤的生理机制以及具有保肝作用的天然药物开发进展进行了综述,提出了目前存在的一些问题并进行了展望。     

Habitat destruction and the extinction debt revisited: The Allee effect

Habitat destruction, often caused by anthropogenic disturbance, can lead to the extinction of species at an unprecedented rate. It is important, therefore, to consider habitat destruction when assessing population viability. Another factor often ignored in population viability analysis, is the Allee effect that adds to the risk of populations already on the verge of extinction. Understanding the Allee effect on species dynamics and response to habitat destruction has intrinsic value in conservation prioritization. Here, the Allee effect was considered in a multi-species hierarchical competition model. Results showed that species persistence declines dramatically due to the Allee effect, and certain species become more susceptible to habitat destruction than others. Two extinction orders emerged under habitat destruction: either the best competitor becomes extinct first or the best colonizer first. The extinction debt and order, as well as the time lag between habitat destruction and species extinction, were found to be determined by species abundance and the intensity of the Allee effect.     

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Death of oligodendrocytes accompanied by destruction of neurons and axons are typical histopathological findings in cortical and subcortical grey matter lesions in inflammatory demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). In these disorders, mainly CD8⁺ T-cells of putative specificity for myelin- and oligodendrocyte-related antigens are found, so that neuronal apoptosis in grey matter lesions may be a collateral effect of these cells. Different types of animal models are established to study the underlying mechanisms of the mentioned pathophysiological processes. However, although they mimic some aspects of MS, it is impossible to dissect the exact mechanism and time course of ‘‘collateral’’ neuronal cell death. To address this course, here we show a protocol to study the mechanisms and time response of neuronal damage following an oligodendrocyte-directed CD8⁺ T cell attack. To target only the myelin sheath and the oligodendrocytes, in vitro activated oligodendrocyte-specific CD8⁺ T-cells are transferred into acutely isolated brain slices. After a defined incubation period, myelin and neuronal damage can be analysed in different regions of interest. Potential applications and limitations of this model will be discussed.     

棉田多虫复合危害互作效应及“两红”复合防治指标应用研究

针对长江中游棉区棉花多虫复合危害问题,设计了６种害虫４种组合的复合危害系统．运用通径分析方法,定量描述了多种害虫对棉花的侵害及其间的互作效应．通过多种害虫对棉花产量和品级的直接影响效应和间接影响效应分析,认为当多虫复合危害时,害虫间的相互作用就其对作物的侵害而言,表现为增强效应和减弱效应．在此基础上,研究并制定了“两红”（棉红铃虫和朱砂叶螨）复合危害动态防治指标,经验证、示范及推广应用,取得了显著的经济、生态和社会效益．