保鲜剂对晚香玉切花的保鲜效应

以晚香玉切花为材料,用蔗糖、6-BA、8-HQC和酒石酸按四因素三水平的正交设计配制保鲜液,通过测定瓶插寿命、小花开放率、鲜重、可溶性糖和电导率,研究不同保鲜剂的保鲜效果。结果表明：与对照相比,各处理均能不同程度地延缓切花衰老,其中处理9即12g.L^-1蔗糖＋60mg·L^-16-BA＋400mg·L^-18-HQC＋100mg·L^-1酒石酸效果最好,花枝瓶插寿命比对照长6d,70％的小花开放,其他指标均明显优于对照,是晚香玉切花较好的保鲜配方。     

高吸水树脂与NPK比例对晚香玉主要营养性状的影响

晚香玉 (Ｐｏｌｉａｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｂｅｒｏｓａ)是良好的观花及香料植物 ,花可提取珍贵的化妆品用的香精[5] ,出口量大 ,并且有逐年上升的趋势。Ｂａｎｋａｒ等[5] 研究了晚香玉的营养特性 ;Ｙａｄａｖ[6] 研究了球茎大小与栽植深度对生长和开花的影响。我国尚未见在特定的土壤上大面积栽培晚香玉的合理施肥与改土的报道。根据沙性无石灰潮土保水性差 ,干旱时土壤严重板结的特点 ,本试验应用具有保水、保肥、增大孔隙度的高吸水树脂[1～ 3 ] ,以不同的比例混于土壤 ,并施用不同比例的ＮＰＫ肥 ,运用通用回归旋转设计 ,以确定适宜的高吸水树…     

马蹄综合利用及深加工产品开发

本文研究了一种对马蹄进行综合利用及深加工的新方法,即先将马蹄各组分分离,获得马蹄汁、马蹄淀粉、马蹄纤维和马蹄蛋白,进而将它们深加工成马蹄饮料、马蹄羧甲基淀粉钠和马蹄纤维营养粉三个产品,从而大大提高了马蹄的利用率和经济价值,较之过去单一的加工方法,马蹄利用率可提高20％以上。     

晚香玉球茎中的一个新胆甾烷类配糖体

从晚香玉(Polianthes tuberosa L.)球茎中分离到3个胆甾烷类配糖体。经波谱分析鉴定,其中1个为新的胆甾烷类配糖体,即(22S)—胆甾烷-5-烯-1β,3β,16β,22,25-五醇1—O—β-D-葡萄毗喃糖基—16—O-β-D芹菜呋喃糖苷。     

Ploidy levels among species in the 'Oxalis tuberosa alliance' as inferred by flow cytometry

The 'Oxalis tuberosa alliance' is a group of Andean Oxalis species allied to the Andean tuber crop O. tuberosa Molina (Oxalidaceae), commonly known as 'oca'. As part of a larger project studying the origins of polyploidy and domestication of cultivated oca, flow cytometry was used to survey DNA ploidy levels among Bolivian and Peruvian accessions of alliance members. In addition, this study provided a first assessment of C-values in the alliance by estimating nuclear DNA contents of these accessions using chicken erythrocytes as internal standard. Ten Bolivian accessions of cultivated O. tuberosa were confirmed to be octoploid, with a mean nuclear DNA content of approx. 3.6 pg/2C. Two Peruvian wild Oxalis species, O. phaeotricha and O. picchensis, were inferred to be tetraploid (both with approx. 1.67 pg/2C), the latter being one of the putative progenitors of O. tuberosa identified by chloroplast-expressed glutamine synthetase data in prior work. The remaining accessions (from 78 populations provisionally identified as 35 species) were DNA diploid, with nuclear DNA contents varying from 0.79 to 1.34 pg/2C.     

Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L.: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach

The present study was designed to appraise the photoprotective, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactivities of Ruellia tuberosa leaves extracts (RtPE, RtChl, RtEA, RtAc, RtMe, and RtHMe). The results showed that, RtHMe extracts of R. tuberosa was rich in total phenolic content, i. e., 1.60 mgGAE/g dry extract, while highest total flavonoid content was found in RtAc extract, i. e., 0.40 mgQE/g. RtMe showed effective antioxidant activity (%RSA: 58.16) at the concentration of 120 μL. RtMe, RtEA and RtHMe exhibited effective in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). In silico docking studies revealed that paucifloside (−11.743 kcal/mol), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (−7.519 kcal/mol), nuomioside (−7.275 kcal/mol), isocassifolioside (−6.992 kcal/mol) showed best docking score against PDB ID 2EX8 [penicillin binding protein 4 (dacB) from Escherichia coli, complexed with penicillin-G], PDB ID 6CQA (E. coli dihydrofolate reductase protein complexed with inhibitor AMPQD), PDB ID 2Y2I [Penicillin-binding protein 1B in complex with an alkyl boronate (ZA3)] and PDB ID 2OLV (from S. aureus), respectively. Docked phytochemicals also showed good drug likeness properties.     

Furfural Derivatives and Phenolic Constituents in Stemona tuberosa Lour

Chemical investigation on the water-soluble constituents of Stemona tuberosa Lour. resulted in the isolation of a previously undescribed furfural derivative namely (S)-5-((R)-hydroxy(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one and twenty-five known compounds from the water decoction of the dried root tubers. Their structures were determined by analysis of the extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and ORD, as well as the ECD simulation and comparison. Most of them were phenolic and among them, four compounds were isolated from Stemona plants for the first time. This study uncovers diverse constituents from water decoction of S. tuberosa dedicated for its quality control and allows for the exploitation of chemical markers with potential significance for discrimination of Stemona plants.     

百部总生物碱含量测定方法的研究

分别运用酸碱滴定法和雷氏盐吸收系数法对百部中总生物碱的含量进行了测定,并加以比较。结果表明：雷氏盐吸收系数法的测定结果比酸碱滴定法的测定结果稍高,提取步骤少,操作简单,更能最大限度的减少干扰因素的影响,方法学考察均符合规定,可以用来测定百部总碱的含量．     

EVOLUTION OF INFLORESCENCE DESIGN: THEORY AND DATA

Very low fruit set in milkweeds and other flowering plants often has been attributed to greater sexual selection on inflorescence size via male, rather than female, reproductive success. Although this explanation has been generally accepted, alternate explanations have been presented, and recently the “male function” or “pollen donation” hypothesis has been sharply criticized. In this paper, we make the distinction between selection on total flower number and on the size of inflorescence units, both of which have been termed “inflorescence size.” We present an ESS model for the evolution of inflorescence design that considers reproductive success through male and female function. The model predicts that selection will balance the proportional changes in female and male reproductive success resulting from changes in inflorescence-unit size. We conducted a field study of selection on the size of inflorescence units (umbels) by manipulating umbel size and number in a natural population of Asclepias tuberosa, in southeastern Arizona, during two reproductive seasons. We found that the male fitness function reached a maximum at an intermediate umbel size in both years (although not significantly different from the smallest umbel size in either year), whereas the female fitness function was highest for the smallest umbel size in one year, but was constant across umbel sizes in the other year. We also found that pollinator visitation rate corresponded well with male, but not female, function, and that between-year variation in the male reproductive success of different umbel sizes corresponded with variation in the composition of the pollinator pool. Our empirical results, when inserted in the model, predict ESS umbel sizes similar to those observed in the study population and the species throughout its range.     

Origins of domestication and polyploidy in oca (Oxalis tuberosa : Oxalidaceae): nrDNA ITS data

As part of a study aimed at elucidating the origins of the octoploid tuber crop "oca," Oxalis tuberosa, DNA sequences of the internal trancribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS) were determined for oca and several wild Oxalis species, mostly from Bolivia. Phylogenetic analysis of these data supports a group of these species as being close relatives of oca, in agreement with morphology and cytology, but at odds with traditional infrageneric taxonomy. Variation in ITS sequences within this group is quite low (0-7 substitutions in the entire ITS region), contrasting with the highly divergent (unalignable in some cases) sequences within the genus overall. Some groups of morphologically differentiated species were found to have identical sequences, notably a group that includes oca, wild populations of Oxalis that bear small tubers, and several other clearly distinct species. The presence of a second, minor sequence type in at least some oca accessions suggests a possible contribution from a second genome donor, also from within this same species group. ITS data lack sufficient variation to elucidate the origins of oca precisely, but have identified a pool of candidate species and so can be used as a tool to screen yet unsampled species for possible progenitors.