人工诱导大鳞副泥鳅雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼的产生

首次获得人工诱导雄核发育二倍体大鳞副泥鳅克隆鱼。方法是:用紫外线210mJ/cm~2辐射浸泡在人工合成卵巢液中的泥鳅卵,使其染色体遗传失活,再与大鳞副泥鳅精子“受精”。在室温26℃条件下“受精”后15min开始,每隔2min一组,将“受精卵”置于39℃温水中热休克处理2min,以阻止第一次有丝分裂的发生,结果表明:二倍诱导率距“受精”后15～19min和27～29min出现两个高峰,最高二倍诱导率为61.1％,经染色体和形态特征鉴定表明,鱼苗为大鳞副泥鳅雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼,其染色体数(2n=48)和外部形态均与父本相同。     

Effects of heavy metals Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ on DNA damage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

The effects of heavy metals Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ at 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/L level and their interactions at 0.5 mg/L level on DNA damage in hepatopancreas of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus for 1–35 days exposure were examined by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). For each test group, 20 loaches with similar body size (5.17–7.99 g; 11.79–13.21 cm) were selected and kept in aquaria with dechlorinated water at (22±1)°C and fed a commercial diet every 48 h. According to the percentage of damaged DNA with tail and its TL/D (tail length to diameter of nucleus) value, the relationship between DNA damage degree and heavy metal dose and exposure time was determined. Results showed that the percentage of damaged DNA and the TL/D value were increased with the prolonged exposure time. The highest percentage (84.85%) of damaged DNA was shown in 5.0 mg/L Zn²⁺ group after 28 days exposure and the biggest TL/D value (2.50) in all treated groups after 35 days exposure. During the first treated week, the damnification of DNA was mainly recognized as the first level, after that time, the third damaged level was mostly observed and the percentage of damaged DNA was beyond 80%. The joint toxic effects among Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ or Zn²⁺ revealed much complexity, but it generally displayed that the presence of Cd²⁺ could enhance the genotoxicity of Pb²⁺ or Zn²⁺. In conclusion, the results suggested that there was a significant time-and dose-depended relationship between the heavy metal and DNA damage in hepatopancreas of loach, and SCGE could represent a useful means to evaluate the genotoxicity of environmental contamination on aquatic organisms. __________ Translated from Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2006, 30(4): 399–403 [译自: 水生生物学报]     

重庆地区泥鳅体外寄生车轮虫的形态分类学研究

在重庆地区鱼类寄生虫的调查过程中,从淡水鱼泥鳅的鳃上获得四种外寄生车轮虫,经鉴定隶属车轮虫科（Trichodinidae）、车轮虫属（Trichodina）,含1车轮虫未定种Trichodina．sp．和3已知种,即：适度车轮虫（TrichodinamodestaLom,1970）,斜齿车轮虫（Trichodina lechriodentata Zhao＆Tang,2007）及拟黑色车轮虫（TrichodinaparanigraTangetal,2005）。车轮虫的形态学特征统计采用Lom（1958）倡导的统一特定方法,齿体的定位描述则采用Van As＆Basson（1989）和Tang,Zhao＆Chen（2005）改进的方法进行     

南四湖泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅随机扩增多态DNA分析初报

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对南四湖的泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）和大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）进行了初步分析。共用10个10bp的OPG组寡核苷酸片段作为引物,筛选出结果好的5个引物,从泥鳅4个体基因组DNA中扩增出142个片段,共有片段12个,特有片段5个;从大鳞副泥鳅3个体基因组DNA中扩增出101个片段,共有片段18个,特有片段5个,在总扩增出的243个片段中,共有片段仅4个。所有扩增片段大小介于0.2-3kb之间。用PoPGen32软件计算出个体间的遗传距离,依此进行UPGMA聚类得到的分子系统树与形态分类学的结果一致,这7个体被聚成2大类,正对应着形态学的2个种：泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅。     

Ultrastructure of the retinal pigment epithelium in the young masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

The ultrastructure of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou fry was studied. The physiological state of the pigment was dependent on the level of light/dark adaptation. Similar morphological properties were observed in the response of the RPE cells to light and a magnetic field.     

甲基睾丸酮在罗非鱼苗种体内的消解规律

研究了养殖场在大规模养殖下,甲基睾丸酮用于尼罗罗非鱼苗雄性化后在苗种体内的消解规律。采用含200mg/kg甲基睾丸酮的饲料持续喂养尼罗罗非鱼苗30d来进行雄性化,随后鱼苗放入池塘来进行甲基睾丸酮的消解实验,应用高效液相色谱法检测不同时间鱼苗体内甲基睾丸酮的残留量,并用SPSS Statistics 17.0统计软件结合EXCEL 2003进行数据处理和分析,来研究甲基睾丸酮的消解规律。结果表明,两次投喂间甲基睾丸酮在罗非鱼体内是缓慢减少的,但是在罗非鱼雄性化期间甲基睾丸酮在罗非鱼体内具有一致性。此外,停药后甲基睾丸酮消解比较缓慢,在停药约115d,鱼苗体重为(14.12±2.12)g时甲基睾丸酮才基本无检出,拟合回归得到指数方程y=1779.6e-0.0369x,R2=0.9332。这说明甲基睾丸酮的消解符合指数递减,后期消解缓慢,建议在养殖过程中不宜使用甲基睾丸酮。     

The influence of habitat availability and adult density on non-diadromous galaxiid fry settlement in New Zealand

This study investigated factors controlling settlement and initial density of two species, Galaxias vulgaris and Galaxias paucispondylus (Galaxiidae), in New Zealand streams. Factors affecting maximum fry abundance were assessed at 10 sites (eight streams) differing in habitat characteristics and the presence or absence of introduced brown Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . Regression analysis indicated that conspecific adult numbers, extent of backwater habitat and brown and rainbow trout density were the most important factors determining initial fry density. Experimental additions of backwater habitat increased fry settlement tenfold compared with control reaches, demonstrating that the area available for fry settlement had a substantial effect on fry abundance. Results from this study indicate that fry settlement may be a critical limiting phase for some non-diadromous galaxiid populations. Increasing settlement area to enhance fry retention offers a practical conservation tool for fisheries managers that may aid conservation of threatened fishes like galaxiids.     

泥鳅雌核生殖单倍体胚胎发育的研究

本文研究了泥鳅雌核单倍体的胚胎发育。结果表明,单倍体的外部形态具有典型的单倍体综合症。单倍体的发育速度在眼黑色素期前与二倍体无明显差异,但此期以后则无法确定单倍体的发育时期。在水温为２２－２５℃时,单倍体至多存活１５ｄ。与正常二倍体卵黄囊吸尽期同时龄的单倍体,大多数内部器官或组织发育不良,细胞核小,但核质比与二倍体无明显差异。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对泥鳅养殖池塘水水质的改善研究

通过在泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor)养殖水体中施加一定浓度梯度枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtili Cohns),测定了水化学指标并观察泥鳅生长情况。试验结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌能够稳定养殖水体的pH值,对COD_Mn、TN和NO₃^--N降解极为显著,其降解速率分别为1.2、0.24和2.7g·L^-1·d^-1,TP在一定范围内波动;当菌液浓度大于149mL·L^-1时,随着浓度的增加,停食后的泥鳅体重变化减小,因此,枯草芽孢杆菌对泥鳅养殖池塘水水质改善效果明显。     

两种泥鳅不同核质关系下LDH同工酶基因表达的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续系统凝胶电泳方法分析了泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅不同杂交组合不同核质关系下胚发育阶段（0－145h）中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶的分化表达谱式,ＬＤＨ同工酶的基因表达随细胞质、细胞核不同及胚胎发育各个时期具有不同的个体发育谱式,以泥鳅卵子为细胞质的Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,杂交组（Ⅱ）ＬＤＨ同工酶基因在受精后３min至原肠中期雄核基因参与表达与调控,部分基因位点比本交组（Ⅰ）启动与表达的时间要早,两组的管家酶主要来自细胞质。以大鳞副泥鳅为细胞质的Ⅲ、Ⅳ两组,各酶均以细胞质调控为主,其管家酶与泥鳅有很大不同。并具体分析和讨论了不同核质关系ＬＤＨ同工酶基因的表达和调控的时空顺序。