A taxometric analysis ofLimonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Western Europe

A taxometric analysis ofLimonium species in Western Europe has provided evidence for the subgeneric groupings proposed by other authors. A cluster analysis suggests that the origin of sexual and agamospermous species has taken place separately. Sexual and agamospermous species are usually clustered separately. The lack of a sexual process in many agamospermous species, as indicated by the distribution of incompatibility morphs and by very low pollen fertility, suggests that the evolution of sexual and agamospermous taxa has been by different processes. It is suggested that following the origin of agamospermous species or species groups by hybridisation, subsequent evolution in the agamospermous taxa has occurred by asexual means. Evidence from the distribution of pollen/stigma incompatibility morphs, especially the existence of self-compatible agamospermous species supports this hypothesis.     

Three new species of penicillium

Three new species of microfungi belonging to the genus Penicillium Link ex Fries are described and illustrated. All but one have been isolated from the atmosphere of las Palmas, capital city of the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new species: Penicillium hispanicum sp. nov., Penicillium grancanariae sp. nov., and Penicillium palmensis sp. nov.     

ÜberHydrianum viride (Characiaceae,Chlorophyceae), seine fortpflanzung und taxonomie

The little known epiphytic algaHydrianum viride was studied and pictured. The morphology and the variability of the vegetative cells are described in detail and compared with the observations of other authors. For the first time typical biflagellate zoospores of the chlorophycean-type have been recognized and the course of the asexual reproduction is studied. The residual protoplasm, that is the proximal half of the zoosporangium protoplast, growth up to the original size, typical for the genusHydrianum. The life cycle, especially the settling down of the zoospores, is described.Hydrianum viride belongs to the characteristic inhabitants of peaty waters; it belongs together with the host alga,Microspora loefgrenii, to the dominants of algal association of peat-springs. At last the taxonomic position and the synonyma of this organism are discussed.

     

The bothridial hooks of Acanthobothrium quadripartitum Williams, 1968 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea): Their growth and use in taxonomy

McVicar A. H. 1977. The bothridial hooks of Acanthobothrium quadripartitum Williams, 1968 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea): their growth and use in taxonomy. International Journal for Parasitology7: 439–442. Bothridial hooks are absent from juvenile Acanthobothrium quadripartitum in Raja naevus but develop to full size before there is much growth of the bothridia and strobila. There is a linear relationship between the lengths of the different components of the hooks during their development and it is suggested that the ratios of these lengths to the total hook length may be useful parameters in dstinguishing between species of Acanthobothrium. Principal component analysis of published hook dimensions gave good separation of most species of Acanthobothrium.     

Checklist of the species of the aseptate Gregarine family Urosporidae

A checklist is given of the 45 named species of the family Urosporidae (phylum Protozoa, subphylum Apicomplexa, class Sporozoa, subclass Gregarinia, order Eugregarinida, suborder Aseptatina) together with their synonyms, the names of their hosts, their locations in the hosts, their known geographic distribution, and key references. Another list is given of synonyms, lapsi calami, nomina nuda, etc. associated with the genera of this family. The following taxonomic-nomenclatural innovations are introduced—NEW NAME: Gonospora good-richae nom. nov. in the polychaete Arenicola ecaudata; NEW COMBINATIONS: Urospora grassei (Changeux, 1961) in the sea cucumbers Holothuria spp.; Urospora schneideri (Mingazzini, 1891) in the sea cucumbers Holothuria spp; Gonospora gonadipertha (Djakonov, 1923) in the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa; Gonospora stichopi (Lützen, 1967) in the sea cucumber Stichopus tremulus.     

Comparative morphology of the leaf epidermis in the genera Codonanthe (Martius) Hanstein and Nematanthus Schrader (Gesneriaceae)*

The leaf epidermis of 14 species ofCodonanthe and 10 species of Nematanthus has been examined. Species of Codonanthe section Codonanthe are geographically restricted to south-eastern Brazil, and are diploid. They possess multicellular-uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, glandular trichomes with a four-celled head and a short body, anisocytic stomata and lack extrafloral nectaries. Species of Codonanthe section Spathuliformae and Codonanthe subgenus Codonanthella are distributed from southern Mexico through Central America to north-western South America and are tetraploid. They possess unicellular non-glandular trichomes (except C. caribaea), glandular trichomes with a two-celled head (except C. caribaea) and a short body, anisocytic stomata and extrafloral nectaries (except C. caribaea). All Nematanthus species are distributed in south-eastern Brazil and are diploid (N=8). Six species of Nematanthus consistently have multicellular-uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, glandular trichomes with a four-celled head and a short (unicellular) or long (multicellular) body, anisocytic stomata and lack extrafloral nectaries. Four species of Nematanthus have multicellular-uniseriate non-glandular trichomes, glandular trichomes with a head of more than four cells and a short body, anisocytic and helicocytic stomata and lack extrafloral nectaries.     

Chromosomal variation and zoogeography inAteles

Karyotypes are reported from 21 spider monkeys distributed among five taxa of the genus Ateles.G- and C- banding techniques revealed variations between taxa. Two variants were discovered for chromosome 5, for chromosome 7, and for the Y chromosome. Four forms of chromosome 6 were seen. The variations are all probably pericentric inversions. One individual was heteromorphic at position 6. The data are compared with prebanding reports of Ateleschromosomes and reports of five animals studied with banding techniques. The variation in Ateleschromosomes is similar in degree to that found in other ceboid genera. The variants may be related to forest refugia formed during the Plio-Pleistocene. Karyotyping of many New World primates is required to ensure a homogeneous experimental group.     

Four new species of Penicillium isolated from the air

Four new species of Penicillium Link ex Fries are described and illustrated. All of them but one have been isolated from the atmosphere in Madrid, Spain. They clearly differ from all species of the genus described so far and are, therefore, described and proposed as new taxa: Penicillium aurantio-flammiferum sp. nov., Penicillium gallaicum sp. nov., Penicillium granatense sp. nov., and Penicillium ilerdanum sp. nov.     

Description and Bionomics of Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. (Mermithidae), a Parasite of Black Flies (Simuliidae)

Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. is described from larvae of Simulium tuberosum (lundstroem) collected in Camden Valley Creek, Washington County, New York. This species possesses a barrel-shaped vagina, vulval flap. two short separate spicules, terminal mouth, six longitudinal chords, six cephalic papillae, large sexually dimorpbic anaphids, an esophagns of uniform width which extends for less than one-third of the body length, and a cone-shaped tail directed ventrally without appendage. Juveniles also are described and illustrated.A detailed morphological comparison with the mermithid M. flumenalis Welch is presented. The most pronounced morphological differences between these species are in the shape of the vulva, juvenile tail, and infective stage. Cross-mating trials support the integrity of the new species.The life cycle of M. camdenensis is closely synchronized with that of its primary host, S. tuberosum larvae. Infected S. tuberosum larvae were first collected in May. Emergence of postparasites from late instars took place from mid-June through mid-October. Sampling data indicate a lower susceptibility to infection among S. venuslum Say larvae.