Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are available to perform mechanistic in vivo studies. While heart transplantation models using a suture technique were first successfully developed in rats, the translation into an equally widespread used murine equivalent was never achieved due the technical complexity of the microsurgical procedure. In contrast, non-suture cuff techniques, also developed initially in rats, were successfully adapted for use in mice^1-3. This technique for revascularization involves two major steps I) everting the recipient vessel over a polyethylene cuff; II) pulling the donor vessel over the formerly everted recipient vessel and holding it in place with a circumferential tie. This ensures a continuity of the endothelial layer, short operating time and very high patency rates⁴.Using this technique for vascular anastomosis we performed more than 1,000 cervical heart transplants with an overall success rate of 95%. For arterial inflow the common carotid artery and the proximal aortic arch were anastomosed resulting in a retrograde perfusion of the transplanted heart. For venous drainage the pulmonary artery of the graft was anastomosed with the external jugular vein of the recipient⁵.Herein, we provide additional details of this technique to supplement the video.     

显微外科与腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张疗效比较的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：对比显微外科与腹腔镜手术治疗索静脉曲张（VC）的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2018年8月~2020年8月期间在我院接受精索静脉结扎术治疗的75例VC患者,其中接受腹腔镜手术的34例纳为A组,接受显微外科手术的41例纳为B组。观察两组手术及住院指标情况,对比两组手术前后精液质量变化,观察两组术后并发症发生率和复发率。结果：两组住院天数、住院费用组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。B组手术时间长于A组,排气时间短于A组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。手术后6个月,两组患者的精液量均增加,精子密度均增大,精子活率、活动精子总数均升高,精液液化时间均下降,且B组的变化程度大于A组（P<0.05）。B组的并发症发生率小于A组（P<0.05）。A组有2例患者随访期间复发,B组未见有患者复发,两组复发率组间对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：与腹腔镜手术治疗VC相比,显微外科手术能更有效地改善精液质量、缩短排气时间、降低并发症发生率,虽然手术时间稍长,仍属于较为可靠的术式。     

冠突伪尾柱虫（Pseudourostyla cristata）实验再生研究

冠突伪尾柱虫(Pseudvurostyla cristata) 含约70枚大核。我们用显微手术横切G1期细胞,得前后两块相等断片;分别培养。60小时后,断片再生完成。在再生过程中,随细胞体积增大,大核数目也增加。大核的数目和细胞体积存在着一定的均衡关系。在细胞无性分裂过程中,许多大核改组后,融合成一个融合大核。这个融合大核具两个仔虫的大核数目和DNA量。我们用显微手术得到含融合大核的后断片。在后断片再生后恢复的虫体内,我们发现本应分配到两个仔虫中去的大核数目,被限制在一个虫体的大核数目上。这说明了细胞质可以影响和调节大核的数目。并还证明了这种虫体大核DNA量较正常虫的大核DNA量约多一倍。其中大部分虫体分裂时,大核不经改组就开始融合和分裂;从而使DNA量回复正常。同讨还发现小部分虫体通过排出大核多余核物质方式来调节大核DNA量。这些现象说明了细胞核质之间存在着一种调节相对平衡和相互协调的机制。     

Schistosoma mansoni: Cloning by microsurgical transplantation of sporocysts

Development of a method of infecting of the molluscan host by microsurgical transplantation of the parasite's sporocysts enables the researcher to maintain the host cycle of Schistosoma mansoni exclusively by asexual means and without the participation of a vertebrate host. After transplantation, larval morphogenesis becomes altered to form an additional generation of sporocysts. These invade the digestive gland of the recipient mollusc progressively, producing normally infective cercariae. The maintenance of the life cycle of S. mansoni in the laboratory for 1 year, solely in the mollusc, has been obtained through six successive transplantations. Thus, a true cloning of S. mansoni has been achieved, the original transplant material being derived from a monomiracidial infection. From the practical viewpoint, this transplantation technique is of definite utility in the maintenance of the cycle, the vertebrate stage having been eliminated. From the theoretical viewpoint, unexpected analogies become apparent with the two types of larval demography found in Digenea (Digenea with sporocyst and Digenea with rediae).     

Rescue of shoot apical meristems of chrysanthemum by culturing on root tips

A new method to regenerate plants from leaf primordia-free shoot apical meristem domes (LP-free SAMs) was developed by establishing the meristem dome on the cut surface of root tips. Ten days after culture, the viable rate of LP-free SAMs of chrysanthemum Piato attached to chrysanthemum root tips was >40%. Shoot regeneration was not observed from LP-free SAMs without the root tips. When LP-free SAMs of chrysanthemum were transferred to root tips of either petunia, cabbage, or carnation, the highest shoot regeneration rate was observed with cabbage root tips. Microscopic observation documented that the LP-free SAM temporarily adhered to the cut surface of the root tip of cabbage.Communicated by K.K. Kamo     

显微外科手术对颅内动脉瘤患者脑脊液IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、TNF-α和GOS评分的影响

目的:探讨显微外科手术对颅内动脉瘤患者的近远期疗效、安全性及对脑脊液白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平和GOS评分的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2014年8月到2016年1月收治的颅内动脉瘤患者96例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。对照组患者行血管内介入治疗,观察组患者行显微外科手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生情况,治疗前和治疗后7 d的IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和ET-1水平,术后随访1年,比较两组的格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评分。结果:对照组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生率均明显低于观察组(P0.01);治疗后7 d,观察组患者的脑脊液中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、ET-1水平均明显低于对照组(P0.01);两组患者的并发症发生率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05);术后一年,两组患者的格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:显微外科手术对颅内动脉瘤的临床效果显著,能明显降低脑脊液IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和ET-1水平,改善患者预后,且治疗安全性高。     

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Endovascular aneurysm exclusion is a validated technique to prevent aneurysm rupture. Long-term results highlight technique limitations and new aspects of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathophysiology. There is no abdominal aortic aneurysm endograft exclusion model cheap and reproducible, which would allow deep investigations of AAA before and after treatment. We hereby describe how to induce, and then to exclude with a covered coronary stentgraft an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat. The well known elastase induced AAA model was first reported in 1990¹ in a rat, then described in mice². Elastin degradation leads to dilation of the aorta with inflammatory infiltration of the abdominal wall and intra luminal thrombus, matching with human AAA. Endovascular exclusion with small covered stentgraft is then performed, excluding any interactions between circulating blood and the aneurysm thrombus. Appropriate exclusion and stentgraft patency is confirmed before euthanasia by an angiography thought the left carotid artery. Partial control of elastase diffusion makes aneurysm shape different for each animal. It is difficult to create an aneurysm, which will allow an appropriate length of aorta below the aneurysm for an easy stentgraft introduction, and with adequate proximal and distal neck to prevent endoleaks. Lots of failure can result to stentgraft introduction which sometimes lead to aorta tear with pain and troubles to stitch it, and endothelial damage with post op aorta thrombosis. Giving aspirin to rats before stentgraft implantation decreases failure rate without major hemorrhage. Clamping time activates neutrophils, endothelium and platelets, and may interfere with biological analysis.     

四肢手足对称多指趾发育的基因特征与显微镜手术预后的相关性

目的:探讨四肢手足对称多指趾发育的基因特征与显微镜手术预后的相关性。方法:2016年2月至2020年1月选择在本院诊治的四肢手足对称多指趾患儿110例作为研究对象,所有患儿都给予显微手术治疗,记录预后情况。采用PCR方法检测HOXD13基因突变情况并进行相关性分析。结果:在110例患儿中,HOXD13基因突变45例,突变率为40.9%。突变组的性别、年龄、体重指数、血压、Wassel分型等与非突变组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月突变组的疗效优良率为77.8%,显著低于非突变组的96.9%(P<0.05)。术后3个月突变组的肌腱粘连、切口感染、皮肤坏死、指趾间关节偏斜等并发症发生率为28.9%,显著高于非突变组的3.1%(P<0.05)。Pearson分析显示HOXD13基因突变与预后疗效、并发症等都存在相关性(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析分析显示HOXD13基因突变也是影响患儿预后疗效、并发症的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论:四肢手足对称多指趾患儿多伴随有HOXD13基因突变,显微手术具有很好的可行性,HOXD13基因突变与显微手术预后有显著相关性。     

显微手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤手术疗效分析

目的：探讨显微手术夹闭颅内动脉瘤手术的疗效。方法：回顾性分析自2005年10月至2010年10月期间开颅行夹闭颅内动脉瘤手术的39例患者的临床资料。结果：除有1例死亡外,其中29例恢复良好,能生活自理,7例伴有轻度残疾,需人照顾,2例重残,需要卧床。结论：夹闭颅内动脉瘤手术获得了较好的疗效,我们发现避开血管痉挛发生的高峰期即可达到较好的疗效,即在3日内或14日后实行手术较为适宜。     

显微镜下锁孔手术的临床应用研究

目的：探讨显微镜下锁孔手术的临床应用。方法：回顾性分析近10年来收治的锁孔手术459例的手术经验,总结锁孔手术临床应用。经眉弓锁孔入路治疗颅内病变的手术270例。经翼点锁孔入路治疗颅内病变的手术52例。经后颅窝锁孔入路的手术137例。结果：外伤及高血压引起脑内血肿23例,经翼点锁孔入路治疗效果良好。颅内肿瘤全切除266例（74．7％）,次全切除90例（25．3％）。术后并发症发生率为3．8％,无与手术入路相关并发症。结论：显微镜下锁孔手术是一种安全、有效的微创手术,值得进行深入研究和广泛应用。