15 例重症药疹患者临床特征及激素联合免疫球蛋白的疗效分析

目的:探讨15例重症药疹患者的临床特点及采用激素联合免疫球蛋白治疗改病的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月至2014年12月在我院就诊的15例重症药疹患者的临床资料,患者采用激素联合免疫球蛋白进行治疗,观察患者的发病类型、致敏药物及疗效,分析血常规、肝功能、肾功能指标与与预后的关系。结果:15例患者中,中毒表皮坏死松解8例,占53.33%,药疹重型4例,占26.67%,中毒表皮坏死松解并支气管炎患者、史蒂文斯并支气管肺炎患者及重症药疹并重症肝炎患者各1例,占6.67%。致敏药物主要是中药、卡马西平、柳氮磺吡啶、头孢他啶、布洛芬、青霉素、别嘌呤醇、感冒药。治疗总有效率86.67%。白细胞、中性比、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶、胆碱酯酶、胱抑素、肌酐(Cr)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)与重症药疹患者治愈预后有关(P0.05)。结论:重症药疹以中毒表皮坏死松解患者为主,对不同致敏药物引起的重症药疹患者应进行区别治疗,重症药疹患者的预后与患者内脏受累程度密切相关,临床采用激素联合丙种球蛋白持续治疗,可提高治愈率,改善患者临床症状及预后,     

Grazing effects on plant diversity in the endemic Erica mackayana heathland community of north-west Spain

Background: Large areas of heathland landscapes in Galicia, north-west Spain, have traditionally been extensively grazed by free-ranging cattle and wild ponies. Recently, a large reduction in the number of these larger herbivores has been observed, with unknown consequences for the habitat.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of grazing and herbivore density on plant diversity, community composition and vegetation structure of the endemic wet heathlands dominated by Erica mackayana in Galicia.

Methods: Field sampling of vascular plants, generalised linear models (GLMs), non-metric multidimensional distance scaling (NMDS).

Results: Grazed sites had significantly higher total and rare species richness and diversity than ungrazed sites. Higher densities of cattle resulted in lower numbers of rare species, while wild pony density had no effect on rare species richness. In grazed sites, vegetation was lower with greater variation in height, resulting in greater heterogeneity of the habitat. Precipitation and summer temperatures were related to plant diversity, mainly beta diversity. Soil organic matter negatively correlated with rare species.

Discussion: Grazing, mostly by wild ponies, was demonstrated to be positively related to plant diversity and vegetation structure. Lack of grazing or high cattle densities resulted in a negative effect on total and rare species richness and diversity. Future climate change may negatively affect heathland plant diversity. Galician wild ponies represent a unique case of sustainable management of a wild species and an invaluable cultural heritage. Moreover, they have a significant role in maintaining the endemic E. mackayana heathlands, what would justify specific conservation actions for these large herbivores.     

Good‐bye to tropical alpine plant giants under warmer climates? Loss of range and genetic diversity in Lobelia rhynchopetalum

The main aim of this paper is to address consequences of climate warming on loss of habitat and genetic diversity in the enigmatic tropical alpine giant rosette plants using the Ethiopian endemic Lobelia rhynchopetalum as a model. We modeled the habitat suitability of L. rhynchopetalum and assessed how its range is affected under two climate models and four emission scenarios. We used three statistical algorithms calibrated to represent two different complexity levels of the response. We analyzed genetic diversity using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and assessed the impact of the projected range loss. Under all model and scenario combinations and consistent across algorithms and complexity levels, this afro‐alpine flagship species faces massive range reduction. Only 3.4% of its habitat seems to remain suitable on average by 2,080, resulting in loss of 82% (CI 75%–87%) of its genetic diversity. The remaining suitable habitat is projected to be fragmented among and reduced to four mountain peaks, further deteriorating the probability of long‐term sustainability of viable populations. Because of the similar morphological and physiological traits developed through convergent evolution by tropical alpine giant rosette plants in response to diurnal freeze‐thaw cycles, they most likely respond to climate change in a similar way as our study species. We conclude that specialized high‐alpine giant rosette plants, such as L. rhynchopetalum, are likely to face very high risk of extinction following climate warming.     

Examination of correlation between histidine and nickel absorption by Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Populus nigra L. using HPLC-MS and ICP-MS

In this study, HPLC-MS and ICP-MS methods were used for the determination of histidine and nickel in Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L. leaves taken from industrial areas including Gaziantep and Bursa cities. In the determination of histidine by HPLC-MS, all of the system parameters such as flow rate of mobile phase, fragmentor potential, injection volume and column temperature were optimized and found to be 0.2 mL min^?1, 70 V, 15 µL, and 20°C, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, histidine was extracted from plant sample by distilled water at 90°C for 30 min. Concentrations of histidine as mg kg^?1 were found to be between 2–9 for Morus L., 6–13 for Robinia pseudoacacia L., and 2–10 for Populus nigra L. Concentrations of nickel were in the ranges of 5–10 mg kg^?1 for Morus L., 3–10 mg kg^?1 for Robinia pseudoacacia L., and 0.6–4 mg kg^?1 for Populus nigra L. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.78) between histidine and Ni was observed for Populus nigra L., whereas insignificant linear correlation for Robinia pseudoacacia L. (r = 0.22) were seen. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.025 mg Ni L^?1 and 0.075 mg Ni L^?1, respectively.     

Inducible gene modification in the gastric epithelium of Tff1‐CreERT2, Tff2‐rtTA,Tff3‐luc mice

Temporal and spatial regulation of genes mediated by tissue‐specific promoters and conditional gene expression systems provide a powerful tool to study gene function in health, disease, and during development. Although transgenic mice expressing the Cre recombinase in the gastric epithelium have been reported, there is a lack of models that allow inducible and reversible gene modification in the stomach. Here, we exploited the gastrointestinal epithelium‐specific expression pattern of the three trefoil factor (Tff) genes and bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis to generate a novel mouse strain that expresses the CreERT2 recombinase and the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA). The Tg(Tff1‐CreERT2;Tff2‐rtTA;Tff3‐Luc) strain confers tamoxifen‐inducible irreversible somatic recombination and allows simultaneous doxycycline‐dependent reversible gene activation in the gastric epithelium of developing and adult mice. This strain also confers luciferase activity to the intestinal epithelium to enable in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Using fluorescent reporters as conditional alleles, we show Tff1‐CreERT2 and Tff2‐rtTA transgene activity in a partially overlapping subset of long‐term regenerating gastric stem/progenitor cells. Therefore, the Tg(Tff1‐CreERT2;Tff2‐rtTA;Tff3‐Luc) strain can confer intermittent transgene expression to gastric epithelial cells that have undergone previous gene modification, and may be suitable to genetically model therapeutic intervention during development, tumorigenesis, and other genetically tractable diseases. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:626–635, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

模拟微重力对恶性胶质瘤细胞U87 影响的实验研究

目的:探讨模拟微重力(Modeled microgravity,MMG)对恶性胶质瘤细胞U87形态、生长增殖、基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9(Matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2、Matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)及神经胶质酸性蛋白(Glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)表达的影响。方法:常规培养U87细胞,传代培养3代后分为两组,正常重力组(Normal gravity,NG组)及模拟微重力干预组(Modeled microgravity,MMG组),相应条件下培养24 h,48 h和72 h。倒置显微镜观察U87细胞形态改变,细胞计数法及四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT法)检测模拟微重力干预和干预后U87细胞生长增殖情况;Western Blot检测不同培养时间后胶质瘤细胞U87 MMP-2、MMP-9及GFAP蛋白的表达情况。结果:模拟微重力条件下培养72 h后,U87细胞轮廓不规则,边缘圆钝,触角变少;模拟微重力条件下,U87细胞生长速度明显减慢,并且经模拟微重力干预48 h和72 h后的胶质瘤细胞经传代再培养,其增殖率也明显低于正常重力组;同时,U87细胞MMP-2及MMP-9蛋白表达水平与模拟微重力处理时间呈时间依赖性下降,而GFAP蛋白表达水平则呈时间依赖性升高。结论:模拟微重力影响U87细胞的形态、生长及表型。     

Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites—A review of their chemistry and biology

Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans. Herein, the bioactivity, chemistry, origin, and biosynthesis of these cyanobacterial secondary metabolites were reviewed. With recent revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy by Anagnostidis and Komárek as part of the Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa volumes 19(1–3), names of many cyanobacteria that produce bioactive compounds have changed, thereby confusing readers. The original and new nomenclature are included in this review to clarify the origins of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds.Due to structural similarity, the 157 known bioactive classes produced by cyanobacteria have been condensed to 55 classes. This review will provide a basis for more formal procedures to adopt a logical naming system. This review is needed for efficient management of water resources to understand, identify, and manage cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom impacts.