Prize Crossword

This article describes four rapid tests for the viability of stored seeds. Since each test is easily applied, and does not require any apparatus other than a conductance bridge and a conductivity cell, it is suggested that the tests could be employed as a basis for class experiments, individual projects at sixth-form level, or for more advanced research work. Typical results are given and some possible applications of the tests are discussed.     

iQPR法处理水对SD鼠生物安全性的研究

iQPR技术处理污水是一项新型尖端的技术,此技术可以成功降低污水乃至受到污染的地下水中的各种污染指标。但是,iQPR技术处理污水尤其是地下水是否存在潜在的生物安全性问题有待于进一步研究。因此,为评估iQPR技术对生物安全性的影响,本研究首先分析了三种不同iQPR法处理水的水质成分;其次系统研究了iQPR水对SD鼠在个体水平、组织水平和病理形态学损伤的研究。研究表明:iQPR处理的水质成分较对照组普通饮用水好,在个体组织水平检测未见异常,尽管其中一组iQPR处理水造成了SD鼠的脾小体增大,但是可能的原因是水处理环节存在微生物污染现象,因此,初步认定此技术未造成SD大鼠的个体损伤。本研究为揭示iQPR处理的水对生物体的安全性评价提供一个理论依据。     

干细胞与再生医学技术发展态势研究

20世纪以来,干细胞与再生医学技术一直是国际生物医学领域的热点前沿之一,它为保障人类生命健康、改善人类生存质量和延长人类寿命发挥不可替代的巨大作用。因此,美国、欧洲国家、日本和中国等科技大国均将该领域纳入了国家科研与产业发展的重点战略中,并通过专项扶持、政策补贴、立法保障等方式激励该领域的创新发展。通过对近年来国际科技战略和科技研发态势的梳理分析,发现该领域的国际战略布局规律,揭示我国在该领域的领先优势与弱点,为我国未来干细胞与再生医学技术发展提出相关参考建议。     

高职生物制药专业细胞培养技术课程教学改革与实践

细胞培养技术是高职生物制药专业核心课程之一,也是一门应用性、实践性强的课程。当前高职生物制药专业文理兼招,大部分学生细胞生物学基础比较薄弱,普遍对该课程的学习产生厌学,教学效果较差。为此在细胞培养技术课程教学中,以细胞培养岗位工作任务为引领,以强化技能训练为主导,将细胞培养理论知识融合于岗位工作任务之中,构建了项目化课程体系,教学方法改革创新、多措并举,考核方式多元化。结果表明：通过课程改革与实践,培养了学生的细胞培养技术动手操作能力和创新思维能力创,激发了学生学习兴趣,取得了显著教学效果。     

Minimal sample requirement for highly multiplexed protein quantification in cell lines and tissues by PCT‐SWATH mass spectrometry

The amount of sample available for clinical and biological proteomic research is often limited and thus significantly restricts clinical and translational research. Recently, we have integrated pressure cycling technology (PCT) assisted sample preparation and SWATH‐MS to perform reproducible proteomic quantification of biopsy‐level tissue samples. Here, we further evaluated the minimal sample requirement of the PCT‐SWATH method using various types of samples, including cultured cells (HeLa, K562, and U251, 500 000 to 50 000 cells) and tissue samples (mouse liver, heart, brain, and human kidney, 3–0.2 mg). The data show that as few as 50 000 human cells and 0.2–0.5 mg of wet mouse and human tissues produced peptide samples sufficient for multiple SWATH‐MS analyses at optimal sample load applied to the system. Generally, the reproducibility of the method increased with decreasing tissue sample amounts. The SWATH maps acquired from peptides derived from samples of varying sizes were essentially identical based on the number, type, and quantity of identified peptides. In conclusion, we determined the minimal sample required for optimal PCT‐SWATH analyses, and found smaller sample size achieved higher quantitative accuracy.     

高通量测序技术及其在微生物学研究中的应用

20世纪70年代发明的核酸测序技术为基因组学及其相关学科的发展做出了巨大贡献,本世纪初发展的以Illumina公司的HiSeq 2000,ABI公司的SOLID,和Roche公司的454技术为代表的高通量测序技术又为基因组学的发展注入了新活力.本文在阐述这些技术的基础上,着重讨论了新一代测序技术在微生物领域中的应用.     

Toward the brave new zoo: Species program planning for reproductive technology development

This article outlines some of the advantages inherent in domestic animal reproductive technology development and compares them to the disadvantages in such development in wildlife species. Species program planning (as proposed by the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums' Species Survival Plan) is offered as an important first step in organizing appropriate research toward reproductive technology development in wildlife species.     

血清学检测H-Y噬菌体Fab抗体阳性克隆的分析

目的 为分析H-Y噬菌体Fab抗体特异性,筛选用于抗体亲和力提高的H-Y噬菌体Fab抗体阳性克隆.方法 以从噬菌体Fab抗体库中筛选到具有雄性特异性结合活性的阳性克隆A6、A8、E6为基础,通过C57BL/6鼠脾细胞为抗原的ELISA分析3株阳性克隆的特异性,镜下观察亲和力较好的A8阳性克隆ELISA结果,利用生物信息学方法预测分析该克隆的抗体基因可变区序列和结构.结果 ELISA分析显示3株阳性克隆具有雄性特异性,其中A8阳性克隆具备较好的雄性特异性.A8克隆具有免疫球蛋白轻链和重链可变区结构,其重链、轻链可变区分别属于VHI和VκIV基因家族.结论 A8阳性克隆可用于后续的导向筛选和抗体基因改造等研究工作.     

Quantification of phosphoproteins with global internal standard technology

Global internal standard technology (GIST) is being developed for the quantification of all primary structure and post-translational variants of proteins in a proteome. This paper is directed at an analysis of phosphorylation, primarily of serine and threonine. Quantification was achieved by acylation of primary amino groups in peptide cleavage fragments of proteins with isotopically coded derivatizing agents. Peptides from controls were globally coded with an isotopically "light" form of the reagent while those from experimental samples were coded with a "heavy" form of the reagent. The two types coding reagents used in this work were N-hydroxyl succinimide derivatives of acetate and 4-trimethylammoniumbutyrate. Heavy isotope forms were produced by deuteration of methyl groups. Subsequent to coding and mixing, the two samples were passed through a Ga(III) immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) column and the selected peptide fraction was further resolved by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Relative differences in phosphopeptide concentration between samples were derived from isotope ratio measurements of the peptide isoforms observed in mass spectra. The method was validated with model peptides.     

Continuous Enzymatic Regeneration of Electron Acceptors Used by Flavoenzymes: Cellobiose Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Production of Lactobionic Acid as an Example

An efficient enzymatic bioprocess is described in which lactose, an abundant renewable resource produced by the dairy industry, is completely and efficiently converted with a specific productivity of up to 32 g (kU h)^-1 into lactobionic acid, without the formation of any by-products. The key biocatalyst of this new process is the fungal enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase which oxidizes several β-1,4-linked disaccharides including lactose specifically at position C-1 of the reducing sugar moiety to the corresponding lactones. The electron acceptor employed in this reaction is continuously regenerated with the help of laccase, a H₂O-producing, copper-containing oxidase, and therefore has to be added in low, catalytic amounts only. Redox mediators that were successfully employed in this novel process and hence are compatible with the laccase regeneration system include benzoquinone, ABTS, ferricyanide, or ferrocene, amongst others. Factors affecting operational stability of the biocatalysts employed in this process include the redox mediator used, the temperature, and importantly the volumetric gas flow necessary for maintaining the dissolved oxygen tension. Lactobionic acid is a mild and sweet tasting acid with excellent chelating properties. These useful characteristics have lead to a growing number of patents for diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical and detergent industries.