从莫诺方程谈起——生物类本科专业教学中3个相似方程的探讨

介绍并比较探讨了生物类相关本科专业课程教学中涉及的3个相似方程：微生物细胞生长动力学中的莫诺方程、酶促反应动力学中的米氏方程、吸附分离过程中的等温吸附方程,以供相关专业教师的教学和学生的学习参考。     

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples

Many types of organic phosphorus (P) molecules exist in environmental samples¹. Traditional P measurements do not detect these organic P compounds since they do not react with colorimetric reagents^2,3. Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) is an emerging method for accurately characterizing organic P forms in environmental samples^4,5. This method is only trumped in accuracy by Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (³¹P-NMR) -a method that is expensive and requires specialized technical training⁶. We have adapted an enzymatic hydrolysis method capable of measuring three classes of phosphorus (monoester P, diester P and inorganic P) to a microplate reader system⁷. This method provides researchers with a fast, accurate, affordable and user-friendly means to measure P species in soils, sediments, manures and, if concentrated, aquatic samples. This is the only high-throughput method for measuring the forms and enzyme-lability of organic P that can be performed in a standard laboratory. The resulting data provides insight to scientists studying system nutrient content and eutrophication potential.     

通过改进实验器具促进师范院校动物学实践教学的体会

动物学是师范院校生物科学专业的基础课程之一,其教学内容包括理论教学和实践教学,而实践教学是理论联系实际、训练学生观察和动手能力的重要教学环节。因此通过引导学生改进昆虫毒瓶和昆虫展翅板等教具,既调动了学生的学习积极性,也培养了学生的科研能力和创新能力,使动物学实践教学取得了良好的教学效果。     

科研设计性大实验在微生物学实验教学中的应用

探讨了在工科专业的微生物实验教学中结合科研工作开展科研设计性大实验的方法与对师生的影响, 分析了开展科研设计性大实验存在的问题。科研设计性大实验在本科生教学实践中的应用表明该方法可促进本科生的专业学习, 提升本科生的理论应用能力及科研创新能力, 是具有推广意义的教学新模式。     

Enhancing students’ experimental planning competences by introducing and evaluating the IS4O teaching approach

ABSTRACT

We herein report the introduction of the IS⁴O (Improving Students’ Scientific Skills by Using Scaffolding Outlines) teaching approach and its implementation to successfully empower students with initial minor planning competences in mastering complex scientific challenges in the course of Germany’s most-renowned scientific competitions. The IS⁴O teaching approach itself comprises the unique combination of the differentiating teaching methods Backward Planning and Project Mapping as core teaching elements. The beneficial effect of the IS⁴O teaching approach on the enhancement of the students planning competences is also discussed. Based on the given results, this teaching approach is mandatory to empower students with initial minor competences in completing a scientific competition successfully with very high assignment of tasks.     

病例教学法在师范院校生理学教学中应用的探讨

病例教学法是通过讲解典型病例,阐释生理学基础理论知识的教学方法。在师范院校生理学教学过程中开展病例教学,有利于学生牢固掌握理论知识,增强理论联系实际的能力,并有利于健康教育的开展。     

Comparative Population Dynamics of an Invading Species in its Native and Novel Ranges

Although the ecology of many exotic invaders has been intensively examined in the novel range, few studies have comparatively explored how population dynamics differ in native and novel parts of an invading plants’ range. The population dynamics of mile-a-minute weed, Polygonum perfoliatum L., was explored in both the native (Japan) and novel (northeastern USA) portions of its range and evaluated using periodic matrix models. Projected per capita population growth rate (λ) varied within and between native and novel range populations. Surprisingly, five of the six populations in the novel range were projected to fail to replace themselves (λ<1) while only two of the four native range populations were projected to decline, although these projections had wider confidence intervals than in the novel habitat. While changes in germination, survivorship, fecundity and seed banking would have equivalent effects on population growth in the invasive habitat, small increases in plant survivorship would greatly increase λ in native populations. The differences between native and novel population growth rates were driven by lower adult survival in the native range caused by annual flooding and higher fecundity. Simulation analyses indicated that a 50% reduction in plant survival would be required to control growing populations in the novel range. Further comparative studies of other invading species in both their native and novel ranges are needed to examine whether the high per capita population growth and strong regulatory effects of adult survival in the native habitat are generally predictive of invasive behavior in novel habitats. Sachiko Araki: (Deceased)     

A java applet for exploring the new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists

ABSTRACT. We have converted the hierarchically organized new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists proposed by Adl et al. into an interactive and dynamic Java applet. The current version of the applet can be accessed via http://phylogenetics.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/etv . We use the layout from a Degree-of-Interest tree (DOITree) that effectively displays all the taxonomic information as well as the phylogenetic relationships described in the original article by Adl et al. The tree was made using the Prefuse Toolkit for interactive information visualization. All browsers capable of using Java applets will be able to view the tree. The applet is freely available for scientists, teachers, and students.     

信息时代生态学本科专业微生物学实验课教学浅析

结合现代生态学本科专业的特点和学科发展需求,对微生物学实验课教学内容设置、实验课教学方法与效果以及课程考核办法进行了思考和探讨。科学地设置实验内容,优化利用学校多媒体网络技术,积极有效地安排实验课时间,充分调动学生的实验课兴趣,使学生更好地学习和掌握微生物学实验技能,为新世纪生态科学的发展培养优秀人才。