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排序方式: 共有423条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
11.
Daniel Duprez Dirk Voet Marc De Buyzere Benny Drieghe Bruno Vyncke Sigrid Mareels Marcel Afschrift Denis L. Clement 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1995,71(5):459-463
The splanchnic circulation can make a major contribution to blood flow changes. However, the role of the splanchnic circulation in the reflex adjustments to the blood pressure increase during isometric exercise is not well documented. The central command and the muscle chemoreflex are the two major mechanisms involved in the blood pressure response to isometric exercise. This study aimed to examine the behaviour of the superior mesenteric artery during isometric handgrip (IHG) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The pulsatility index (PI) of the blood velocity waveform of the superior mesenteric artery was taken as the study parameter. A total of ten healthy subjects [mean age, 21.1 (SEM 0.3) years] performed an IHG at 30% MVC for 90 s. At 5 s prior to the end of the exercise, muscle circulation was arrested for 90 s to study the effect of the muscle chemoreflex (post exercise arterial occlusion, PEAO). The IHG at 30% MVC caused a decrease in superior mesenteric artery PI, from 4.84 (SEM 1.57) at control level to 3.90 (SEM 1.07) (P = 0.015). The PI further decreased to 3.17 (SEM 0.70) (P = 0.01) during PEAO. Our results indicated that ergoreceptors may be involved in the superior mesenteric artery vasodilatation during isometric exercise. 相似文献
12.
In production-scale, fed-batch fermentations, feed is often added to a single point at the top of the fermentor, which, combined with poor mixing, results in formation of a "feed zone" rich in nutrients. Frequent exposure of the culture to high concentrations of nutrients in the feed zone for sufficient duration can produce unexpected effects on its performance. The effect of the feed zone was evaluated by conducting aerobic fed-batch fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with both complex and defined media. The broth was recirculated between a recycle loop and a bench-scale fermentor, and feed was intermittently added into the recycle loop to simulate the circulation of cells through the feed zone. Experiments were carried out for a range of residence times in the recycle loop from 0.5 to 12 min. Biomass yields from the complex-media fermentations were not affected by exposure to high nutrient levels in the recycle loop for residence times up to 12 min. Ethanol consumption was reduced by as much as 50% for residence time in the loop up to 3 min. Very long exposure of yeast cells to excess nutrient levels (12 min) gave acetic acid formation. In a defined medium, the simulated feed zone effect increased biomass yield by up to 10%, but had no effect on ethanol levels. This study indicates that the feed zone effect on biomass yield in yeast fermentation, using complex substrates, will be negligible under fully aerobic conditions. 相似文献
13.
David P. Maitland 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(4):365-374
Summary Carapace movements in crabs are briefly reviewed. While on land and recirculating branchial water, the Australian semaphore crab Heloecius cordiformis (Decapoda: Ocypodidae), a semi-terrestrial air-breathing mangrove crab, sequentially depresses and elevates its carapace relative to its thorax (0.5–1 mm excursion) in a regular pump-like manner. In quiescent crabs each carapace-pumping cycle lasts about 4 s; carapace depression takes 3 s and elevation 1 s. Carapace movements are brought about by pressures generated within the branchial chambers by the scaphognathites, probably in combination with carapace muscles. Carapace movements are associated with bilaterally synchronised scaphognathite activity. Unilateral scaphognathite activity was not observed. During normal forward recirculation of branchial water the scaphognathites beat at about 1.5 Hz (slow-forward pumping) and the lungs (epibranchial chambers) are not ventilated. In Heloecius, the lungs are not physically separated from the gills below by an anatomical barrier. Lung ventilation is accomplished during the following sequence of events: the carapace is lowered and the scaphognathites pump in a fast-forward mode at about 2.8 Hz. This activity preferentially pumps air out of the lungs and generates suction within the branchial chambers (4–10 cm H2O below ambient) which draws water from external body surfaces into the hypobranchial space below and around the gills. At the end of the carapace's downward travel the scaphognathites switch from fast-forward to fastreverse beating at about 4 Hz. This pumps air into the lungs and the carapace elevates. As a result, during carapace elevation the water which had previously been drawn into the branchial chambers by fast-forward pumping activity is released and flows out between the legs and into the abdominosternal cavity. When the carapace reaches its original resting or up position the scaphognathites switch from fast-reverse to slowforward beating to re-establish water recirculation through the branchial chambers. This cycle is subsequently repeated. In stationary crabs, there are 2 carapace-pumping cycles per minute, increasing to 14 per minute in active crabs (walking). When water is absent, the lungs are preferentially ventilated by slow-reverse scaphognathite pumping activity. Carapace movements do not occur in the absence of branchial water. Carapace pumping is thought to provide a mechanism which permits the scaphognathites to ventilate the lungs in the presence of recirculating branchial water, without this water interfering with lung ventilation or being lost to the environment.Abbreviations FF, FR, SF, SR
fast-forward, fast-reverse, slowforward, slow-reverse scaphognathite pumping
- MEA
Milne Edwards aperture 相似文献
14.
15.
目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声技术测量椎动脉血流量对后循环缺血(PCI)的诊断价值。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年1月在本院神经内科住院并接受治疗的PCI患者58例作为观察组,另选取同期住院并确诊为非后循环缺血症的患者50例作为对照组。所有患者均接受颈部血管超声检查,测量椎动脉内径及血流量,观察组患者需行头颅CTA检查,比较两组患者的椎动脉内径、血流量及颈动脉硬化斑块发生率等。结果:观察组患者的椎动脉内径及血流量明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);观察组颈动脉硬化斑块的发生率为77.5%(44例),对照组颈动脉硬化斑块的发生率为42%(21例),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。无狭窄、轻度狭窄、重度狭窄及闭塞的椎动脉血流量的变化(此处所指的血流量是指小于200mL/min那部分患者)有明显差异(P〈0.05)。结论:与头颅CTA对比检查,彩色多普勒具有直接、准确、方便及可重复性等优点,可有效的诊断后循环缺血症状。 相似文献
16.
The epicardium and coronary vessels originate from progenitor cells in the proepicardium. Here we show that Tbx18, a T-box family member highly expressed in the proepicardium, controls critical early steps in coronary development. In Tbx18−/− mouse embryos, both the epicardium and coronary vessels exhibit structural and functional defects. At E12.5, the Tbx18-deficient epicardium contains protrusions and cyst-like structures overlying a disorganized coronary vascular plexus that contains ectopic structures resembling blood islands. At E13.5, the left and right coronary stems form correctly in mutant hearts. However, analysis of PECAM-1 whole mount immunostaining, distribution of SM22αlacZ/+ activity, and analysis of coronary vascular casts suggest that defective vascular plexus remodeling produces a compromised arterial network at birth consisting of fewer distributing conduit arteries with smaller lumens and a reduced capacity to conduct blood flow. Gene expression profiles of Tbx18−/− hearts at E12.5 reveal altered expression of 79 genes that are associated with development of the vascular system including sonic hedgehog signaling components patched and smoothened, VEGF-A, angiopoietin-1, endoglin, and Wnt factors compared to wild type hearts. Thus, formation of coronary vasculature is responsive to Tbx18-dependent gene targets in the epicardium, and a poorly structured network of coronary conduit vessels is formed in Tbx18 null hearts due to defects in epicardial cell signaling and fate during heart development. Lastly, we demonstrate that Tbx18 possesses a SRF/CArG box dependent repressor activity capable of inhibiting progenitor cell differentiation into smooth muscle cells, suggesting a potential function of Tbx18 in maintaining the progenitor status of epicardial-derived cells. 相似文献
17.
Tsukasa Ikemura Akane Miyaji Hideaki Kashima Yuji Yamaguchi Naoyuki Hayashi 《Journal of physiological anthropology》2013,32(1):23
Background
Heat stress induces various physiological changes and so could influence ocular circulation. This study examined the effect of heat stress on ocular blood flow.Findings
Ocular blood flow, end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and blood pressure were measured for 12 healthy subjects wearing water-perfused tube-lined suits under two conditions of water circulation: (1) at 35°C (normothermia) for 30 min and (2) at 50°C for 90 min (passive heat stress). The blood-flow velocities in the superior temporal retinal arteriole (STRA), superior nasal retinal arteriole (SNRA), and the retinal and choroidal vessels (RCV) were measured using laser-speckle flowgraphy. Blood flow in the STRA and SNRA was calculated from the integral of a cross-sectional map of blood velocity. PETCO2 was clamped at the normothermia level by adding 5% CO2 to the inspired gas. Passive heat stress had no effect on the subjects’ blood pressures. The blood-flow velocity in the RCV was significantly lower after 30, 60 and 90 min of passive heat stress than the normothermic level, with a peak decrease of 18 ± 3% (mean ± SE) at 90 min. Blood flow in the STRA and SNRA decreased significantly after 90 min of passive heat stress conditions, with peak decreases of 14 ± 3% and 14 ± 4%, respectively.Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that passive heat stress decreases ocular blood flow irrespective of the blood pressure or arterial partial pressure of CO2. 相似文献18.
目的:研究冠状动脉严重狭窄稳定型心绞痛(Stable angina pectoris, SPA)患者循环内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,
EPCs)及基质细胞衍生因子(SDF)-1-alpha与冠状动脉侧支循环(CCC)形成的相关性,以期为治疗冠心病提供新的思路。方法:选择
2012 年8 月到2014 年12月在我院就诊的88 例冠状动脉严重狭窄的稳定型心绞痛患者(CCC 良好40 例、不良48 例),均采集
外周血测定EPC 数量、体外生成血管能力,并用ELISA 法检测其血浆SDF-1alpha 水平,采用直线相关和Pearson 检验分析CCC良好
与不良者各指标间及与CCC 分级的相关性;将所有入选病例随机分为6 组,并分离外周血单个核细胞并分别加入不同的培养
液,培养7 天后体外测定EPCs 数量以及生成血管的能力,并通过ELISA 法检测培养液上清中VEGF 的蛋白水平。结果:CCC 不
良组EPCs 数量、体外生成血管能力及SDF-1-alpha水平均明显低于CCC 良好组(P<0.05)。体外生成血管能力、循环EPCs 数量以及
SDF-1alpha水平均与CCC分级呈现显著的正相关性(r =0.72、0.67、0.79,均P<0.05);循环EPCs 数量、SDF-1alpha水平以及体外生成血
管能力亦均呈现显著正相关性(r =0.78、0.62,均P<0.05)。与PBS、SDF-1alpha+ AMD3100 及SDF-1alpha+ KI8751 干预物质比较,SDF-1琢
能够呈剂量依赖性的明显提高EPCs 数量、增强其体外生成血管的能力及VEGF水平(P<0.05)。结论:冠状动脉严重狭窄稳定型
心绞痛患者循环EPCs及SDF-1琢与CCC 形成有关,VEGF可能参与该过程。 相似文献
19.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part II: Fetal risk of chorangioma and sacrococcygeal teratoma predicted by pump/acardiac umbilical vein diameters 下载免费PDF全文
20.
A.S. Sharma R.W.M. Pijls P.W. Weerwind T.S.R. Delnoij W.C. de Jong A.P.M. Gorgels J.G. Maessen 《Netherlands heart journal》2016,24(2):120-126