The “Long-arm” of chronic conditions in childhood: Evidence from Canada using linked survey-administrative data

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between health conditions in childhood (ages 4–11), and health and socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood (ages 21–33). This study takes advantage of a new linkage between the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) and administrative tax data from the T1 Family File (T1FF) from Statistics Canada. The NLSCY includes rich longitudinal information on child development, while the T1FF includes administrative tax information on each child in adulthood (e.g., income, social assistance). The primary measures of child health relate to the diagnosis of a chronic condition, affecting the child’s physical or mental/developmental health. The results suggest that mental/developmental health conditions in childhood more negatively influence adult health and socioeconomic conditions, compared to physical health conditions. Interaction models reveal modest heterogenous effects; for example, there is some evidence of a cushioning effect from higher household income in childhood, as well as an exacerbating negative effect from lower birth weight for mental/developmental health conditions. Using a covariate decomposition approach to explore underlying pathways, the results reveal that associations between health in early life and outcomes in adulthood are partially explained by differences in cognitive skills (i.e., mathematics test scores) in adolescence (ages 16–17). Results may encourage policy investments to mitigate the occurrence of health conditions in childhood and to ensure timely access to educational supports and health services for children with chronic conditions.     

Endogenous opiates: 1993

This paper is the sixteenth installment of our annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It is restricted to papers published during 1993 that concern the behavioral effects of the endogenous opiate peptides, and does not include papers dealing only with their analgesic properties. The specific topics this year include stress; tolerance and dependence; eating; drinking; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic function; mental illness and mood; learning, memory, and reward; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; seizures and other neurological disorders; electrical-related activity; general activity and locomotion; development; immunological responses; and other behaviors.     

老年帕金森病患者睡眠障碍的危险因素及其对认知功能、心理状态和衰弱的影响

摘要 目的：探讨老年帕金森病（PD）患者睡眠障碍的危险因素,并观察睡眠障碍对认知功能、心理状态和衰弱的影响。方法：选取2018年3月~2021年9月期间中国人民解放军海军青岛特勤疗养中心收治的91例老年PD患者作为研究对象,根据是否存在睡眠障碍将入选的91例患者分为睡眠障碍组（n=56）及非睡眠障碍组（n=35）。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估所有患者的认知功能状况。采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评价患者焦虑、抑郁情况。采用Tilburg衰弱评估量表评估所有患者的衰弱情况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨老年PD患者睡眠障碍的危险因素,并观察睡眠障碍对认知功能、心理状态和衰弱的影响。结果：睡眠障碍组的视空间与执行功能、语言、命名、延迟回忆、注意、抽象、定向评分及总分均低于非睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。睡眠障碍组的HAMA、HAMD评分均高于非睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。睡眠障碍组的心理衰弱、躯体衰弱、社会衰弱评分及总分均高于非睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。多因素Losgistic回归分析结果显示：HAMA评分偏高、多巴丝肼片等效剂量偏高、HAMD评分偏高、Hcy偏高是老年PD患者睡眠障碍的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：HAMA评分偏高、Hcy偏高、多巴丝肼片等效剂量偏高、HAMD评分偏高是老年PD患者睡眠障碍的危险因素。同时,睡眠障碍可加重老年PD患者的认知功能障碍和衰弱程度,增加抑郁焦虑情绪。     

海军指战员心理健康状况研究现状

我国军人的心理健康状况从80年代后期开始有了较为系统的研究。海军指战员是社会的特殊群体,健康的心理素质可以使海军指战员保持战斗力,更好的适应国防现代化的需要。海军指战员在一段较长的时间内,整日面对单一枯燥的环境,承受巨大工作压力,加之其他一些影响因素,难免产生诸多心理问题。因此,探讨职业特殊环境对海军指战员心理健康造成的影响,对海军指战员人格结构及心理健康状况进行评价,用以指导海军官兵在特殊环境中提高心理素质,避免不良影响,最终提高部队战斗力具有十分重要的意义。通过查阅文献了解海军特殊职业环境对士兵心理健康影响的研究现状,总结当前应用的各种评价工具、异常心理状况、影响因素及其危害,分析海军心理健康研究方面存在的不足与亟待解决的问题,为今后的研究提供参考。     

丹波黑大豆醛脱氢酶基因GmALDH3-1 的克隆、原核表达和功能分析

醛是一类具有高度反应活性的毒性物质,在生物体中主要由膜脂过氧化,氨基酸氧化和蛋白质的糖基化产生.醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)是一类以多种醛类为底物的酶类,醛脱氢酶基因是一类编码将醛脱氢氧化为相应羧基酸的基因,在植物,动物和微生物中均有发现.通过RT-PCR方法从丹波黑大豆根中扩增出基因GmALDH3-1.构建原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-ALDH3-1,在E.coli BL21中表达,并研究不同浓度IPTG、时间和温度对ALDH3-1蛋白表达的影响,结果表明28℃下诱导6h ALDH蛋白表达量最大,而IPTG浓度对ALDH3-1的表达量影响不大.在添加有不同浓度Al、Cu和Cd的液体LB培养基中培养转化菌和对照菌,检测转化菌和对照菌的生长曲线,生长曲线实验结果表明ALDH3-1转化工程菌对上述金属离子具有一定的耐受性.这些结果为进一步研究其结构和生物学功能奠定了基础.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系,并分析生存质量的影响因素。方法：选取2018年4月~2020年8月期间我院收治的183例UC患者。采用中文版医学应对问卷（MCMQ）评估患者对疾病的应对方式。采用炎症性肠病生存质量问卷（IBDQ）对患者生存质量进行评价。采用焦虑自评症状表（SAS）、抑郁自评症状表（SDS）评估患者心理状态。Pearson相关性分析UC患者生存质量与应对方式、心理状态的关系,应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析生存质量的影响因素。结果：UC患者全身症状、肠道症状、社会能力、情感能力、IBDQ总分均低于国内常模（P<0.05）。UC患者SAS、SDS评分均高于国内常模（P<0.05）。UC患者回避、屈服评分均高于国内常模,面对评分低于国内常模（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：IBDQ总分与SAS、SDS以及回避、屈服评分均呈负相关,与面对评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：UC患者的生存质量与病情严重程度、婚姻状况、饮酒史、文化程度、性别、家族史、吸烟史、饮食习惯、家庭月均收入、肠道手术史有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示：病情严重程度为重度、性别女、有家族史、有吸烟史、不良饮食习惯、家庭月均收入≤5000元均是影响UC患者生存质量的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：UC患者生存质量下降,其生存质量与应对方式、心理状态有关,且受到性别、家族史、病情严重程度等多种因素影响,临床可考虑针对上述影响因素进行相关防治,以改善UC患者生存质量。     

小醒脑针刺法联合度洛西汀对持续性姿势-知觉性头晕患者心理状态、平衡功能及睡眠质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨小醒脑针刺法联合度洛西汀对持续性姿势-知觉性头晕（PPPD）患者心理状态、睡眠质量及平衡功能的影响。方法：收集2017年1月~2019年6月期间我院收治的70例PPPD患者为研究对象。按门诊号单双数将研究对象分为对照组（n=35,度洛西汀治疗）和研究组（n=35,小醒脑针刺法联合度洛西汀治疗）,对比两组头晕发作频次、头晕发作持续时间以及眩晕残障程度评定量表（DHI）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、Berg平衡量表（BBS）评分、活动平衡信心量表（ABC）评分、微觉醒指数、入睡后清醒时间、睡眠分期转换次数、醒转次数、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分。结果：两组治疗后头晕发作频次、头晕发作持续时间、微觉醒指数、入睡后清醒时间、睡眠分期转换次数、醒转次数以及DHI、PSQI、HAMA、HAMD评分均较治疗前降低,且研究组较对照组低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组BBS、ABC评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：小醒脑针刺法联合度洛西汀治疗PPPD患者,可有效改善患者眩晕症状、心理状态、睡眠质量及平衡功能。     

重大灾害中救援军人心理应激干预的原则与方法

军人作为一个特殊群体,要经常参与各种重大灾害的救援工作。这些重大灾害容易诱发部分军人产生异常心理应激反应,对军人个体心理和群体心理产生负面影响。本文主要分析了救援军人心理应激反应产生的原因、表现和发展过程,然后提出心理干预的原则和程序,最后重点探讨了心理干预的方法措施。     

重大灾害中救援军人心理应激干预的原则与方法

军人作为一个特殊群体,要经常参与各种重大灾害的救援工作。这些重大灾害容易诱发部分军人产生异常心理应激反应,对军人个体心理和群体心理产生负面影响。本文主要分析了救援军人心理应激反应产生的原因、表现和发展过程,然后提出心理干预的原则和程序,最后重点探讨了心理干预的方法措施。     

Spectrum of MECP2 gene mutations in a cohort of Indian patients with Rett syndrome: Report of two novel mutations

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder, primarily affecting females and characterized by developmental regression, epilepsy, stereotypical hand movements, and motor abnormalities. Its prevalence is about 1 in 10,000 female births. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations within methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Over 270 individual nucleotide changes which cause pathogenic mutations have been reported. However, eight most commonly occurring missense and nonsense mutations account for almost 70% of all patients. We screened 90 individuals with Rett syndrome phenotype. A total of 19 different MECP2 mutations and polymorphisms were identified in 27 patients. Of the 19 mutations, we identified 7 (37%) frameshift, 6 (31%) nonsense, 14 (74%) missense mutations and one duplication (5%). The most frequent pathogenic changes were: missense p.T158M (11%), p.R133C (7.4%), and p.R306C (7.4%) and nonsense p.R168X (11%), p.R255X (7.4%) mutations. We have identified two novel mutations namely p.385-388delPLPP present in atypical patients and p.Glu290AlafsX38 present in a classical patient of Rett syndrome. Sequence homology for p.385-388delPLPP mutation revealed that these 4 amino acids were conserved across mammalian species. This indicated the importance of these 4 amino acids in structure and function of the protein. A novel variant p.T479T has also been identified in a patient with atypical Rett syndrome.