国人眶外侧壁的孔和沟的观察

本文对236例(472侧)中国成人颅骨的脑膜中动脉眶支沟、脑膜中动脉眶支孔和眶外侧沟进行了观察。主要结果如下:脑膜中动脉眶支孔的出现率为55.9％;眶外侧沟的出现率为17.6％,其中双侧出现的有24例,占10.2％。     

甲状腺功能减退症患者心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的:研究甲状腺功能减退症患者的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为预防、改善甲减患者心理健康状况提供参考依据。方法:选取2014年1月-2016年1月来我院治疗的226例甲减患者作为甲减组,另从杨浦区多个社区随机抽取同期254例健康者作为健康组,采用SCL-90症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及一般情况调查问卷对两组研究对象进行调查,采用Logistic回归分析甲减患者的影响因素。结果:两组性别、年龄及职业之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而文化程度、经济收入的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);甲减组患者强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性评分及总分均高于健康组(P0.05);甲减组患者中焦虑、抑郁、人际关系敏感所占比重较高,分别为30.97%,26.11%,26.11%;与健康组相比,甲减组患者SSRS评分中主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度评分及总分均明显降低(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示社会支持、文化程度为小学、经济收入30000元/年是甲减患者心理健康的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:甲减患者心理状况较差,存在较严重的焦虑和抑郁情况,在治疗同时应注意健康教育和心理关怀,尤其是对收入低、文化程度低或社会支持程度低的患者,应给予及时的心理治疗,可提高患者的生活质量。     

幕府山(竹/蜓)(Mufushanella)在西藏申扎地区中二叠统的发现

Mufushanella是陈旭教授 1964年创立的,以侧坡内凹、外部壳圈具列孔区别于Nankinella。该属成立与否曾有多人讨论过,争论焦点在于建属时所谓列孔是否与隔壁孔一样,有待进一步证实。采自西藏申扎地区的标本证实了确实是列孔。而且在外部壳圈两列孔之间发育有类似拟旋脊状暗色物质聚集,可能是拟旋脊的“雏形”。并建立新种Mufushanellanankinellaeformissp.nov.     

Blocks and bodies: sex differences in a novel version of the Mental Rotations Test

A novel version of the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) that alternated the standard block figures with three-dimensional human figures was administered to 99 men and 129 women. Women and men differed predictably in their retrospective reports of childhood play and digit ratios, a putative measure of prenatal androgen action. Compared to the block figure items, human figure items on the modified MRT were associated with an improvement in performance in both sexes. However, consistent with the study hypothesis, the enhancing effect of the human figure condition on performance as measured by conventional scores was smaller in men compared to women and not at all evident in men when performance was measured by ratio scores. A closer inspection of the human figures effects on test scores showed performance in women improved for both male and female figure items. In contrast, relative to scores on block figure items, performance in men improved when stimuli were male figures but did not improve when stimuli were female figures. These results add to the evidence that the magnitude of sex differences in scores on the MRT may vary according to the test content and item properties. The findings suggest that online measures of cognitive processing in response to different classes of test stimuli (e.g., animate vs. inanimate objects, self-relevant vs. neutral stimuli) may prove useful in research aimed at understanding the hormonal and social factors contributing to the sex difference in performance on the MRT.     

CASK point mutation regulates protein-protein interactions and NR2b promoter activity

Mutations in the CASK gene result in mental retardation and microcephaly in humans, suggesting an important role for CASK in brain. CASK gene knockout in mice causes neonatal lethality, making further elucidation in mouse models difficult. Because CASK was originally identified as a multidomain adaptor protein, identifying a point mutation interrupting a specific protein interaction would be useful in dissecting its molecular function. Here, a Thr-to-Ala mutation in the rat CASK guanylate kinase (GK) domain was shown to reduce interactions among CASK and Tbr-1 and CINAP, two critical brain proteins. The effect is specific: this mutation does not affect CASK dimerization that occurs via the GK domain. The Tbr-1-CASK-CINAP complex regulates expression of the NMDA receptor subunit 2b (NR2b), and we show that this point mutation also affects NR2b promoter activity. The identification of this mutation may make it possible to further dissect the function of CASK in brain.     

The social gradient in health: The effect of absolute income and subjective social status assessment on the individual's health in Europe

Using data on individuals aged between 50 and 65 from 6 European countries, this study investigates the effect of absolute income and subjective social status assessment on health in the light of medical evidence indicating that the individual's position in the social hierarchy undermines his/her mental and physical health. The paper shows that individuals’ own income has a positive, but modest effect on health. Importantly, subjective social status assessment has a significant effect on all health measurements. Finally, the results show that individuals from deprived families (when at the age of 14) have poorer physical and mental health.     

工作属性与员工心理健康的关系

以Karasek的工作要求一控制模型为分析框架,通过对三家企业219名员工的问卷调查,探讨工作属性与员工心理健康的关系。研究结果显示,工作属性中的工作要求、工作控制均与心理健康显著相关;在控制了人口统计学变量之后,二者所解释的心理健康方差变异量为7％;工作要求和工作控制的交互效应也能够有效预测心理健康。这些结果提示：工作要求过高和工作控制缺乏都会导致员工的心理健康下降,员工的心理健康是工作要求和工作控制共同作用的结果。     

二炮某部夏秋入伍新兵应对方式、社会支持及心理健康状况调查

目的:调查分析夏秋入伍新兵心理健康状况及其与应对方式、社会支持的关系,为针对性开展新兵心理卫生服务,提高新兵心理健康水平提供参考依据。方法:采用自编心理需求调查问卷、简易应对方式、社会支持以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对二炮某部首次夏秋季入伍新兵进行心理测试,并进行相关回归分析。结果:新兵在应对方式上的得分与全国成人常模存在显著差异;在社会支持量表的得分与军人常模存在显著差异;在SCL-90中,与2010年新兵比较在躯体化、强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性6个因子之间存在显著差异,与军人常模比较在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性8个因子之间均存在显著差异。简易应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的相关分析显示,消极应对与心理健康各因子间均存在显著相关关系;主观支持与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁和敌对4个因子间存在显著相关,客观支持与人际关系敏感、敌对2个因子间存在显著相关,对支持的利用度与人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性5个因子间存在显著相关。以新兵心理健康作为因变量,社会支持与应对方式作为自变量,进行逐步回归分析,最终进入回归的因子为对支持的利用度和消极应对。结论:本年度新兵整体心理健康状况良好,他们多采用积极应对方式应对应激事件,所得到的社会支持以及对支持的利用度良好,愿意在新训期间通过心理素质训练,提高心理健康水平。     

精神疲劳评价方法研究进展

长时间飞行活动所致的精神疲劳一直是航空航天医学中一个重要的课题。尤其随着我军航空技术的发展,精神疲劳已经成为影响飞行安全的重要原因之一。研究发现,精神疲劳发生时,机体的生理、心理、生化和工作绩效等功能会发生变化。例如,精神疲劳时,脑电图的theta波、delta波和alpha波发生变化、瞳孔直径增大、心率变异性的低频谱功率升高和高频谱功率降低、姿势控制能力下降、反应时延长、临界融合频率降低、血浆中氨基酸等功能性分子水平改变和认知能力的下降等。精神疲劳的客观评定方法就是研究者借助于某些设备来监测到这些变化,并根据这些变化对疲劳状态进行判断。本文将从生理、心理、生化和作业绩效等方面阐述了精神疲劳客观的评定方法,并指出了这些方法的优缺点。最后,本文对精神疲劳评价方法发展趋势做出了初步的判断,即我们应对精神疲劳进行综合量化评定,这样才能更全面准确地评估精神疲劳。     

Effect of mental fatigue on induced tremor in human knee extensors

In this study, the effects of mental fatigue on mechanically induced tremor at both a low (3–6 Hz) and high (8–12 Hz) frequency were investigated. The two distinct tremor frequencies were evoked using two springs of different stiffness, during 20 s sustained contractions of the knee extensor muscles at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before and after 100 min of a mental fatigue task, in 12 healthy (29 ± 3.7 years) participants. Mental fatigue resulted in a 6.9% decrease in MVC and in a 9.4% decrease in the amplitude of the agonist muscle EMG during sustained 30% MVC contractions in the induced high frequency only. Following the mental fatigue task, the coefficient of variation and standard deviation of the force signal decreased at 8–12 Hz induced tremor by 31.7% and 35.2% respectively, but not at 3–6 Hz induced tremor. Similarly, the maximum value and area underneath the peak in the power spectrum of the force signal decreased by 55.5% and 53.1% respectively in the 8–12 Hz range only. In conclusion, mental fatigue decreased mechanically induced 8–12 Hz tremor and had no effect on induced 3–6 Hz tremor. We suggest that the reduction could be attributed to the decreased activation of the agonist muscles.