长期住院老年精神疾病患者营养状况与认知功能的相关性研究

目的:了解长期住院老年精神疾病患者营养状况及与认知功能的相关性,为临床提供指导。方法:对住院3个月及以上的123例老年精神疾病患者采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估认知功能,采用简易微型营养评定精简版(MNA-SF)评估营养状况,并采集一般资料、相关营养生化指标,应用Pearson相关分析MNA-SF评分与MMSE评分的相关性。结果:123例患者中,营养不良风险者67例(54.47%),营养不良者37例(30.08%),营养正常者19例(15.44%)。有认知障碍患者的营养不良发生率显著高于无认知障碍患者营养不良发生率(P<0.05),重度认知障碍者营养不良发生率显著高于轻、中度认知障碍者(P<0.05)。与无认知障碍者比较,中度、重度认知障碍者MNA-SF评分显著降低(P<0.05);与轻度、中度认知障碍者比较,重度认知障碍者MNA-SF评分显著降低(P<0.05)。营养不良者MMSE 6个认知领域评分和认知总评分均显著低于营养不良风险/正常者(P<0.05),Pearson相关分析显示:长期住院老年精神疾病患者MNA-SF评分与MMSE评分呈正相关(r=0.486, P=0.023<0.05)。结论:长期住院老年精神疾病患者营养不良发生率高,且与认知功能密切相关。临床部门需加强老年精神疾病患者,特别是有认知损害老人的营养关切。     

脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病影响因素及抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子表达变化情况分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病影响因素及抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子表达变化情况。方法：选择2016年9月到2021年5月本院完成脊髓外科手术的患者83例作为研究对象,检测血清抑制性神经递质水平、神经营养因子（NTFs）表达水平。所有患者都给予抑郁自评量表（SDS）调查、执行功能行为评定量表成人版自评问卷（BRIEF-A）评分并进行相关性分析。结果：83例患者术后平均SDS评分为45.10±2.87分,判定为精神障碍23例（精神障碍组）,占比27.7 %。精神障碍组的性别、年龄、手术时间、术中出血量与非精神障碍组对比无差异（P>0.05）,精神障碍组的饮酒、术后清醒时间与非精神障碍组对比有差异（P<0.05）。精神障碍组的BRI自我控制、情感控制、转移、抑制等评分与MI任务启动、任务监督、工作记忆、计划、组织评分都高于非精神障碍组（P<0.05）。精神障碍组的血清NTFs含量低于非精神障碍组,血清HA与5-HT含量高于非精神障碍组（P<0.05）。在83例患者中,Pearson分析显示SDS评分与饮酒、术后清醒时间、血清NTFs、NA、5-HT含量都存在相关性（P<0.05）;二分类logistic逐步回归显示术后清醒时间、血清NTFs、NA、5-HT含量都为导致脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍患者发病的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：脊髓外科手术术后精神障碍的发生较常见,可导致患者认知与执行功能降低,多伴随有抑制性神经递质水平表达上升与神经营养因子表达下降,血清NTFs、NE、5-HT含量都为导致精神障碍发病的重要因素。     

De novo balanced translocation (2;10)(q24;q22) associated with mental retardation

We report a case of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of the 2 and 10 chromosomes observed in a 14-year-old male with mild mental impairment, compulsive and obsessive behavior. The apparently balanced translocation was characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the karyotype was 46, XY, t(2;10)(q24;q22). The way by balanced chromosomal translocations can lead to a disease phenotype are reviewed and discussed.     

Trisomy 4q syndrome: presentation of a new case and review of the literature

We describe the 11th case of a de novo partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 4, with the extra segment spanning from 4q27 to 4q35. The aberration resulted from an unbalanced translocation of material from 4q to the short arm of chromosome 7, as evident from fluorescent in situ hybridization. Microsatellite analysis revealed the extra material to originate from the father. The karyotype was interpreted as 46,XX,der(7)t(4;7)(q27;p22). The patient is a 13-year-old girl with severe mental retardation, growth retardation, hearing impairment as well as minor foot, thumb and facial anomalies. Although the extent of the aberration varies between the reported patients, there are nevertheless features in common, suggestive of a trisomy 4q syndrome. The clinical findings most frequently reported are: mental retardation, seizures, microcephaly, hearing impairment and growth retardation, as well as epicanthic folds, high/broad/depressed nasal bridge, malformed ears, tooth and thumb anomalies. Almost the entire long arm of chromosome 4, except band q11, has been involved in trisomies/duplications, but 4q27 and 4q31 seem to be preferentially engaged in the trisomy 4q syndrome.     

Endogenous opiates: 1997

This paper is the twentieth installment of our annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 1997 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and antagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects, although stress-induced analgesia is included. The specific topics covered this year include stress; tolerance and dependence; eating and drinking; alcohol; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic function; mental illness and mood; learning, memory, and reward; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; seizures and other neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity; general activity and locomotion; sex, pregnancy, and development; immunologic responses; and other behaviors.     

精神疲劳状态下脑组织血氧饱和度的近红外光谱分析

目的:研究精神疲劳状态下脑组织血氧饱和度的变化规律。方法:从某军校随机抽取25名被试,采用模拟飞行任务负荷构建精神疲劳模型,采用NASA-TLX量表评价模型。实验全程使用近红外光谱技术对被试脑组织血氧饱和度进行实时监测;实验前后分别对被试的作业绩效水平进行评估。结果:任务后NASA-TLX量表评分明显高于任务前(P0.01);任务前后作业绩效发生变化,反应能力测试的正确率下降(P0.01),错误率上升(P0.01);任务负荷后脑组织血氧饱和度相对于静息状态升高(P0.05)。结论:精神疲劳状态会影响被试的作业绩效。疲劳后脑组织血氧饱和度水平受被试动机以及代偿机制的影响高于静息水平。     

Proteomic signatures of serum albumin-bound proteins from stroke patients with and without endovascular closure of PFO are significantly different and suggest a novel mechanism for cholesterol efflux

Background

The anatomy of PFO suggests that it can allow thrombi and potentially harmful circulatory factors to travel directly from the venous to the arterial circulation – altering circulatory phenotype. Our previous publication using high-resolution LC-MS/MS to profile protein and peptide expression patterns in plasma showed that albumin was relatively increased in donor samples from PFO-related than other types of ischemic strokes. Since albumin binds a host of molecules and acts as a carrier for lipoproteins, small molecules and drugs, we decided to investigate the albumin-bound proteins (in a similar sample cohort) in an effort to unravel biological changes and potentially discover biomarkers related to PFO-related stroke and PFO endovascular closure.

Methods

The method used in this study combined albumin immuno-enrichment with high resolution LC-MS in order to specifically capture and quantify the albumin-bound proteins. Subsequently, we measured cholesterol and HDL in a larger, separate cohort of PFO stroke patients, pre and post closure.

Results

The results demonstrated that a number of proteins were specifically associated with albumin in samples with and without endovascular closure of the PFO, and that the protein profiles were very different. Eight proteins, typically associated with HDL were common to both sample sets and quantitatively differently abundant. Pathway analysis of the MS results suggested that enhanced cholesterol efflux and reduced lipid oxidation were associated with PFO closure. Measurement of total cholesterol and HDL in a larger cohort of PFO closure samples using a colorimetric assay was consistent with the proteomic predictions.

Conclusions

The collective data presented in this study demonstrate that analysis of albumin-bound proteins could provide a valuable tool for biomarker discovery on the effects of PFO endovascular closure. In addition, the results suggest that PFO endovascular closure can potentially have effects on HDL, cholesterol and albumin-bound ApoA-I abundance, therefore possibly providing benefits in cardioprotective functions.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1559-0275-12-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Income deprivation and mental well-being: The role of non-cognitive skills

We show that the positive relation between income deprivation and mental health is affected by an individual's non-cognitive skills. Income deprivation is operationalized as the Yitzhaki index, i.e., as a function of the sum of income differences between an individual and others in her reference group who are more affluent. Non-cognitive skills are extracted from a Locus of Control questionnaire and the Big Five Inventory, a self-report measurement of an individual in regard to five aspects of personality: conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and open-mindedness. The results, based on the 2002–2010 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel dataset (SOEP), show that deprivation is negative and significantly related with mental health. However, neurotic individuals are more deprivation-sensitive than are others. Compared to the mean effect, a one standard deviation rise in neuroticism is associated with a deprivation effect that is 36.6% and 51.9% larger among men and women, respectively. Although to a lesser extent, extraverted men and conscientious women are also found to be more deprivation-sensitive than are others, the corresponding figures being 31.1% and 45.9%, respectively. These findings suggest that personality differences should be taken into account in the design of policies, practices and initiatives aimed at alleviating the well-being costs of income deprivation.     

Epistasis effects of COMT and MTHFR on inter-individual differences in mental health: Under the inverted U-shaped prefrontal dopamine model

Higher cognitive performance, maintenance of mental health and psychological well-being require adequate prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. “Inverted U-shaped” dopamine model indicates optimal PFC dopamine level is important to attain its function while high or low levels have adverse effects. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may be involved in this complex non-linear PFC dopamine regulation. We addressed whether genetic variation reflecting COMT and MTHFR activities can explain the inter-individual mental health differences in healthy Japanese men (n = 188). The mental health was measured by Mental Health Inventory (MHI)-5 score. The rs4633–rs4818–rs4680 haplotypes were used to represent the multilevel COMT activities, while for MTHFR, the functional single polymorphism, rs1801133 (C677T), was used. We examined the effectiveness of haplotype-based association analysis of COMT on mental health together with studying its interaction with MTHFR-C677T. As a result, the relation between activity-ranked COMT genotype and MHI-5 score showed a tendency to fit into an “inverted U-shaped” quadratic curve (P = 0.054). This curvilinear correlation was significant in the subjects with MTHFR-CC (P < 0.001), but not with MTHFR T-allele carriers (P = 0.793). Our pilot study implies a potential influence of COMT and MTHFR genotypic combination on normal variation of mental health.     

A comparative analysis of vibrissa count and infraorbital foramen area in primates and other mammals

Vibrissae are specialized sensory “hairs” that respond to mechanical stimuli. Sensory information from vibrissae is transmitted to the brain via the infraorbital nerve, which passes through the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Several analyses have documented that primates have smaller IOFs than non-primate mammals, and that haplorhines have smaller IOFs than strepsirrhines. These grade shifts in IOF area were attributed to differences in “vibrissa development.” Following earlier analyses, IOF area has been used to derive a general estimate of “whiskeredness” in extinct primates, and consequently, IOF area has been used in phylogenetic and paleoecological interpretations. Yet, the relationship between IOF area and vibrissa count has not been tested, and little is known about how IOF area and vibrissa counts vary among mammals. This study explores how relative IOF area and vibrissa count differ among 25 mammalian orders, and tests for a correlation between IOF area and vibrissa count. Results indicate that primates and dermopterans (Primatomorpha) have smaller IOFs than most non-primate mammals, but they do not have fewer vibrissae. In addition, strepsirrhines and haplorhines do not differ from one another in relative IOF area or vibrissa counts. Despite different patterns documented for IOF area and vibrissa count variation across mammals, results from this study do confirm that vibrissa count and IOF area are significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.0001). However, there is considerable scatter in the data, suggesting that vibrissa counts cannot be predicted from IOF area. There are three implications of these finding. First, IOF area reflects all mechanoreceptors in the maxillary region, not just vibrissae. Second, IOF area may be an informative feature in interpretations of the fossil record. Third, paleoecological interpretations based on vibrissae are not recommended.