Vertebral morphology influences the development of Schmorl's nodes in the lower thoracic vertebrae

Schmorl's nodes are the result of herniations of the nucleus pulposus into the adjacent vertebral body and are commonly identified in both clinical and archaeological contexts. The current study aims to identify aspects of vertebral shape that correlate with Schmorl's nodes. Two‐dimensional statistical shape analysis was performed on digital images of the lower thoracic spine (T10–T12) of adult skeletons from the late medieval skeletal assemblages from Fishergate House, York, St. Mary Graces and East Smithfield Black Death cemeteries, London, and postmedieval Chelsea Old Church, London. Schmorl's nodes were scored on the basis of their location, depth, and size. Results indicate that there is a correlation between the shape of the posterior margin of the vertebral body and pedicles and the presence of Schmorl's nodes in the lower thoracic spine. The size of the vertebral body in males was also found to correlate with the lesions. Vertebral shape differences associated with the macroscopic characteristics of Schmorl's nodes, indicating severity of the lesion, were also analyzed. The shape of the pedicles and the posterior margin of the vertebral body, along with a larger vertebral body size in males, have a strong association with both the presence and severity of Schmorl's nodes. This suggests that shape and/or size of these vertebral components are predisposing to, or resulting in, vertically directed disc herniation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

某部1366名新人伍战士性格特征和心理健康特点的追踪研究

目的：探讨并系统追踪研究新入伍战士在两年军营生活期间性格特征以及心理健康发展特点,揭示新兵入伍初期个性发展规律,为进一步筛查精神障碍易感新兵提供理论依据。方法：选取2010年某部冬季应征入伍新兵,采用问卷法对1366名新入伍男性战士在入伍第一年和第二年分别进行卡特尔十六种个性因素测验（16PF）的测试,采用分组测试和配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果：研究表明,新入伍战士在第一年和第二年之间在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性和紧张性13种初级因素存在显著性变化,在适应焦虑型、内向外向型、感性用事与安详机警性、怯懦与果敢型、心理健康因素以及新环境成长能力因素等六项次级因素也有显著性差异,不同的学历和家庭背景也存在显著的变化。结论：本研究结果提示,入伍战士在两年军营生活期间其性格特征和心理健康特点均发生明显变化,而随着战士入伍时间的变化,对于部队生活的逐渐适应,其个性特征以及心理健康特点都出现了一定的变化规律,了解掌握这些心理健康发展的变化规律将有助于更科学地指导部队心理卫生服务工作,保证和提高军队战斗力。     

高职院校中专学生SCL-90评定结果分析

目的:分析影响高职院校中专学生的心理健康状况的相关因素.方法:对抽取的江苏省某职业院校437名学生,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查,以因子分≥3筛查阳性个体进行检出率及年级差异的比较.结果:低年级学生SCL-909个因子得分均高于全国常模值,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心理健康阳性检出率的排序,其中排在前3位的分别为敌对、人际关系敏感以及强迫症状,它们的阳性检出率分别为6.86％、5.95％和5.03％,高于其他因子,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2009级学生的阳性率高于2010级,但心理健康阳性检出率年级差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:高职院校的中专学生心理健康状况不容乐观,敌对、人际关系敏感、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑是其面临的主要心理问题,学校应该针对性的开展心理干预措施.     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤各手术入路的选择及对比分析

颈静脉孔区肿瘤位置深,结构复杂,周围有重要的神经血管走形,此区域肿瘤类型较多,常见的有颈静脉球瘤,其次为神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤。由于此区域位置深,结构复杂,手术显露困难,切除此区域肿瘤难度较大,选择合适的手术入路以及术中正确的处理是该区域肿瘤手术成功的关键。此区域的手术入路可分为三种:后方入路、侧方入路、前方入路;各自又有新型的改良术式。手术入路的选择取决于病变性质、生长范围、受累结构、患者的功能状态及术者的个人经验。术中保护重要的神经血管是此手术的关键。尽管如此,术后出现的并发症在所难免,其主要的并发症有:脑神经损伤后功能障碍、脑脊液漏和脑膜炎等。     

Applying digital technology to promote active and healthy confinement lifestyle during pandemics in the elderly

Although recognized as effective measures to curb the spread of the COVID19 outbreak, social distancing and home confinement have generated a mental health burden with older adults who are considered to be more vulnerable to psychosocial strains. To date, the application of digital technologies in response to COVID-19 pandemic has been narrowed to public-health needs related to containment and mitigation. However, information and communications technology (ICT)-based initiatives directed toward prediction and prevention of psychosocial support are still limited. Given the power of digital health solutions to allow easy and accurate characterization and intervention for health and disease, as well as to flatten the COVID19 incidence curves in many countries, our ECLB-COVID19 consortium is highlighting the importance of providing innovative ICT-based solutions (ICT-COVID-Companion) to improve elderly physical and mental health, thereby preventing/dampening psychosocial strain during pandemics. Based on innovative approaches (e.g., emotional/social computing, open social platform, interactive coaching, gamification, fitness-tracker, internet of things) and smart digital solutions (smartwatch/smartphone), smart companions must provide safe personalised physical, mental and psychosocial health surveillance. Additionally, by delivering personalised multi-dimension crisis-oriented health recommendations, such innovative crisis-oriented solutions would help (i) facilitate a user’s adherence to active and healthy confinement lifestyle (AHCL), (ii) achieve a rapid psychosocial recovery in case of depression issues and (iii) enhance preparedness for eventual future pandemics.     

The Patient’s View: Issues of Theory and Practice

Almost all the knowledge now produced about psychiatry includes what is called “the patient’s or client’s perspective.” This paper analyzes how this notion has been framed in the discourses on mental health over the last two decades, particularly in mental health research and in anthropology. The very concept of the “patient’s perspective” is a social and historical construct. Despite its remarkable prevalence, the notion remains vague. Mental health research pictures it as a stable attribute of the individual. Anthropologists integrate the contextual nature of the patient view; but they still largely envision the psychiatric patient as a rational actor producing narratives based on common sense. However, in psychiatric practice, the client’s perspective is not something the patient individually produces; it is rather shaped by and in a context. To explore this process, my research investigated interactions between staff and patients in a French community mental health center, and showed that the client’s perspective is the result of a collective process. Further analysis demonstrates that eliciting or producing the patient’s view is sometimes considered a therapeutic goal in itself, since being granted the status of a rational and narrative actor gives access to the most valued model of care, one that is based on partnership. Being an outcome that is negotiated between patients and care providers, the “patient’s view” then becomes a new resource in mental health settings.

试论大学生心理健康教育的四大误区

心理健康教育是大学生素质教育不可或缺的一部分,当前大学生心理健康教育存在着四大误区:标准误区、目标误区、操作误区和评价误区。这些误区制约着大学生心理健康教育的发展。高校要遵循教育规律,结合大学生的心理发展特点,正确把握心理健康的内涵,明确心理健康教育的目标,采用积极的评价方式,正确实施心理健康教育,方能走出误区,切实地促进大学生身心和谐发展和心理素质的全面提高。     

正念减压疗法对试管婴儿患者知觉压力及心理状态的影响

目的:探讨正念减压疗法(MBSR)对试管婴儿患者知觉压力及心理状态的影响。方法:选取2014年5月到2016年12月在我院行试管婴儿技术(IVF-ET)辅助生育的不孕女性83例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组41例和观察组42例。对照组患者均给予常规的综合护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上给予MBSR干预。对比两组患者干预前后抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和知觉压力量表(CPSS)评分。结果:干预前两组患者的SDS评分、SAS评分、CPSS评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。干预后观察组患者SDS评分、SAS评分、CPSS评分为(43.53±4.89)分、(42.38±4.34)分、(27.53±4.89)分,低于干预前的(57.96±7.30)分、(56.42±5.49)分、(37.96±7.30)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);干预后对照组患者的SDS评分、SAS评分、CPSS评分为(51.13±5.52)分、(50.31±4.48)分、(31.13±5.52)分,低于干预前的(58.83±7.28)分、(56.45±5.51)分、(38.83±7.28)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且干预后观察组以上评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MBSR干预可有效改善试管婴儿患者患者的焦虑、抑郁和知觉压力情况,有利于提高IVF-ET成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

基于优化核参数支持向量机的意识任务分类

根据支持向量机的基本原理,给出一种推广误差上界估计判据,并利用该判据进行最优核参数的自动选取。对三种不同意识任务的脑电信号进行多变量自回归模型参数估计,作为意识任务的特征向量,利用支持向量机进行训练和分类测试。分类结果表明,优化核参数的支持向量机分类器取得了最佳的分类效果,分类正确率明显高于径向基函数神经网络。     

Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with depression: An updated overview

Depression is a complex psychiatric disturbance involving many environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Until now, genetic, and non-genetic studies are still on the way to understanding the complex mechanism of this disease, and there are still many questions that have not yet been answered. Depression includes a large spectrum of heterogeneous symptoms correlated to the deficit of a range of psychological, cognitive, and emotional processes, and it affects various age groups. It is classified into several types according to the severity of symptoms, time of occurrence, and time. Following the World Health Organization (WHO), depression attacks near 350 million persons globally. Several factors overlap in causing depression, including genetic and epigenetic factors, environmental conditions, various stresses, lack of some nutrients to which people are exposed, and excessive stress and abuse in childhood. This study included conducting surveys on depression and new treatment trends based on epigenetic factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Epigenetic factors provide a completely novel dimension to therapeutic approaches as most diseases are not monogenic, and it is likely that the environment has a significant contribution. Epigenetic inheritance is included in many mental and psychiatric disorders such as depression. In general, epigenetic modifications could be summarized in 3 major points: DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-mediated regulation of RNA (ncRNA). This study also describes some genes associated with one of the depressive disorders using bioinformatics tools and gene bank and had the genes: SLC6A4, COMT, TPH2, FKBP5, MDD1, HTR2A, and MDD2. As in this study, the awareness of Saudi society about depression and its genetic and non-genetic causes was estimated. The results showed that an encouraging percentage of more than half of the research sample possessed correct information about this disorder.