某部入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及需求调查

目的：调查入伍新兵心理卫生服务状况及对心理卫生服务的需求。方法：采用质性研究和量性研究相结合的方法,对42名入伍新兵作半结构性访谈,编制《部队心理卫生服务状况和需求》调查表,采用调查表对1609名新兵进行调查。结果：9．4％的新兵心理健康知识比较了解;接近半数新兵（43．5％）对心理健康知识很感兴趣;新兵获取心理知识的途径依次为网络、心理知识讲座、报刊杂志、广播电视、面对面咨询;新兵最期望获得的心理知识依次为如何调节自己的情绪、如何建立良好的人际关系、如何塑造自己的个性和常见的心理障碍表现;新兵认为最有帮助的心理服务形式依次为一对一心理咨询、心理知识讲座、心理测验和团体心理活动;只有7．7％的新兵接受过心理卫生服务。结论：新兵对心理健康知识感兴趣,但认知度和利用度均较低,应通过网络、心理知识讲座等方式普及新兵需要的心理健康知识。     

Diferencias en función de la edad y la autopercepción del envejecimiento en ansiedad,tristeza, soledad y sintomatología comórbida ansioso-depresiva durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19

ObjectivesTo analyze differences by age group in anxiety, depression, loneliness and comorbid anxiety and depression in young people, middle aged adults and older adults during the lock-down period at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the association between negative self-perceptions of aging and psychological symptoms controlling by age group.MethodParticipants are 1501 people (age range 18 to 88 years). Anxiety, sadness, loneliness and self-perceptions of aging were assessed. The sample was divided according to the age group and quartiles (lower, intermediate levels, and higher) of anxiety, sadness, loneliness and self-perceptions of aging.ResultsOlder adults reported lower levels of anxiety and sadness than middle aged adults, and middle aged adults reported lower levels than younger participants. Middle aged adults reported the lowest loneliness, followed by older adults and younger participants. For each age group, those with more negative self-perceptions of aging reported higher anxiety, sadness and loneliness. More comorbid anxiety and sadness was found in younger adults and less in older adults; more depressed participants in the middle aged group, and more older adults and less younger participants were found in the group with the lowest levels of anxiety and sadness. For all the age groups, participants with high levels of comorbid anxiety and sadness are those who report the highest scores in negative self-perceptions of aging.ConclusionsOlder adults reported lower psychological anxiety, sadness and loneliness than the other age groups. Having negative self-perceptions of aging damage psychological health irrespective of the chronological age.     

Mosaicism for FMR1 gene full mutation and intermediate allele in a female foetus: A postzygotic retraction event

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the expansion of an unstable CGG repeat in the 5′UTR of FMR1 gene. The occurrence of mosaicism is not uncommon, especially in male patients, whereas in females it is not so often reported. Here we report a female foetus that was subject to prenatal diagnosis, because of her mother being a premutation carrier. The foetus was identified as being a mosaic for an intermediate allele and a full mutation of FMR1 gene, in the presence of a normal allele. The mosaic status was confirmed in three different tissues of the foetus – amniotic fluid, skin biopsy and blood – the last two obtained after pregnancy termination. Karyotype analysis and X-chromosome STR markers analysis do not support the mosaicism as inheritance of both maternal alleles. Oligonucleotide array-CGH excluded an imbalance that could contain the primer binding site with a different repeat size. The obtained results give compelling evidence for a postzygotic expansion mechanism where the foetus mosaic pattern originated from expansion of the mother's premutation into a full mutation and consequent regression to an intermediate allele in a proportion of cells. These events occurred in early embryogenesis before the commitment of cells into the different tissues, as the three tested tissues of the foetus have the same mosaic pattern. The couple has a son with Fragile X mental retardation syndrome and choose to terminate this pregnancy after genetic counselling.     

The relationship between the presence of ADHD and certain candidate gene polymorphisms in a Turkish sample

Due to the high heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents of children with ADHD appear to represent a good sample group for investigating the genetics of the disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ADHD and six polymorphisms in five candidate genes [5-HT2A (rs6311), NET1 (rs2242447), COMT (rs4818), NTF3 (rs6332), SNAP-25 (rs3746544) and (rs1051312)]. We included 228 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 109 healthy parents as the control group. The polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays and analyzed using the chi-square test and the multinomial logit model. SNAP-25 (rs3746544) polymorphism was associated with loading for ADHD, while 5-HT2A (rs6311) and NET1 (rs2242447) polymorphisms were associated with ADHD. On the other hand, there was no significant association between the SNAP-25 (rs1051312), NTF3 (rs6332), or COMT (rs4818) gene polymorphisms and ADHD.     

Sleep fragmentation in mentally retarded people decreases with increasing daylength in spring

We studied the sleep–wake behavior of mentally retarded people from late winter to early summer at 60°N. During this time the daylength increased 8 h 51 min. The data were collected by observing the sleep–wake status of 293 subjects at 20-min intervals for five randomized 24h periods (=recording days). The intervals during which the individual recording days of the same order (1st, 2nd, etc.) were carried out, were called recording periods. Consequently, there were five recording periods, each containing 293 individual recording days. Even though there was overlap among the recording periods, the median daylength from one period to another increased approximately by 100 min. In the initial statistical analysis, the number of wake–sleep transitions was found to differ significantly among the five recording periods (Friedman test, p<0.001). The mean ranks in the Friedman test suggested that the number of wake–sleep transitions was highest during the 1st and lowest during the 5th recording period. In further statistical analyses using a program for mixed effects regression analysis (mixor 2.0) it was found that the increase in daylength during the study period was associated with a simultaneous decrease of approximately 0.5 wake–sleep transitions in the whole study population (p<0.001). The decrease in the number of wake–sleep transitions was significant only in the subgroups of subjects with a daylength change of more than 350 min between the 1st and 5th recording days (Wilcoxon tests, p<0.005). This suggests that after a marked prolongation of the natural photoperiod, the reduction in sleep episodes was more probable than after smaller changes in daylength. It is concluded that the sleep of mentally retarded people living in a rehabilitation center at a northern latitude is more fragmented in winter than in early summer and that the change is related probably to the simultaneous increase in the length of the natural photoperiod. The sleep quality of persons living in institutional settings might be improved by increasing the intensity and/or duration of daily artificial light exposure during the darker seasons.     

脑电图检查对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的早期诊断及预后判断价值

目的:探讨脑电图检查对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病早期诊断及预后判断的临床意价值。方法:本研究所选研究对象为我院2011年3月至2014年3月住院的91例出生后一天内的窒息新生儿,对其行脑电图检查,根据脑电图的检查结果将其分为四组,分别为正常组、轻度异常组、中度异常组、重度异常组。对上述四组患儿进行随访,时间点为出生后3个月、6个月,采用婴幼儿发育量表对患儿的智能发育进行测评,对各组智能发育的差异进行比较。结果:(1)91例患儿中,脑电图异常的有83例,异常率为91.21%,脑电图的异常程度与临床分度基本一致;(2)对患儿随访至3个月时,轻度、中度、重度异常组患儿的智力发育指数与运动发育指数的平均值与正常组患儿相比,具有显著差异(P0.05);(3)对患儿随访至6个月时,轻度异常组患儿的智力发育指数与运动发育指数的平均值与正常组患儿相比,无显著差异(P0.05)。中度、重度异常组患儿的智力发育指数与运动发育指数的平均值与正常组患儿相比,具有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:早期脑电图检查结果对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的早期诊断有利,为临床上早期干预提供了重要的参考依据。     

Taking the pulse of nations: A biometric measure of well-being

A growing literature identifies associations between subjective and biometric indicators of wellbeing. These associations, together with the ability of subjective wellbeing metrics to predict health and behavioral outcomes, have spawned increasing interest in wellbeing as an important concept in its own right. However, some social scientists continue to question the usefulness of wellbeing metrics. We contribute to this literature in three ways. First, we introduce a biometric measure of wellbeing – pulse – that hs been little used. Using nationally representative data on 165,000 individuals from the Health Survey for England and Scottish Health Surveys we show that its correlates are similar in a number of ways to those for happiness, and that it is highly correlated with wellbeing metrics, as well as self-assessed health. Second, we examine the determinants of pulse rates in mid-life (age 42) among the 9000 members of the National Child Development Study, a birth cohort born in a single week in 1958 in Britain. Third, we track the impact of pulse measured in mid-life (age 42) on health and labor market outcomes at age 50 in 2008 and age 55 in 2013. The probability of working at age 55 is negatively impacted by pulse rate a decade earlier. The pulse rate has an impact over and above chronic pain measured at age 42. General health at 55 is lower the higher the pulse rate at age 42, while those with higher pulse rates at 42 also express lower life satisfaction and more pessimism about the future at age 50. Taken together, these results suggest social scientists can learn a great deal by adding pulse rates to the metrics they use when evaluating people’s wellbeing.     

People versus machines: The impact of being in an automatable job on Australian worker’s mental health and life satisfaction

This study explores the effect on mental health and life satisfaction of working in an automatable job. We utilise an Australian panel dataset (HILDA), and take a fixed effects linear regression approach, to relate a person being in automatable work to proxies of their wellbeing. Overall, we find evidence that automatable work has a small, detrimental impact on the mental health and life satisfaction of workers within some industries, particularly those with higher levels of job automation risk, such as manufacturing. Furthermore, we find no strong trends to suggest that any particular demographic group is disproportionately impacted across industries. These findings are robust to a variety of specifications. We also find evidence of adaptation to these effects after one-year tenure on the job, indicating a limited role for firm policy.     

冠状动脉支架植入患者心理弹性状况调查及与生活质量的关系研究

目的:调查冠状动脉支架植入(ICS)患者心理弹性状况,并分析心理弹性与生活质量的关系。方法:选取2019年3月~2021年4月我院收治的ICS患者120例作为观察组,另选取同期来我院进行健康体检的志愿者80例作为对照组,对比两组患者的生活质量评分,以心理弹性量表(CD-RICS)调查ICS患者的心理弹性状况,采用Pearson相关分析ICS患者生活质量与心理弹性的相关性,采用Logistic回归分析ICS患者心理弹性水平的影响因素。结果:观察组36条目健康调查简表(SF-36)各维度评分及总评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。120例ICS患者的心理弹性总分为(64.41±5.73)分,心理弹性各维度得分由低到高分别为乐观、力量、坚韧。Pearson相关分析结果表明,ICS患者的生活质量平均分与心理弹性总分呈正相关(P<0.05)。冠心病病程、文化程度、家庭月收入、兴趣爱好数量、居住地对ICS患者的心理弹性得分有影响(P<0.05)。冠心病患病时间≥10年、文化程度为初中及其以下、家庭月收入≤3000元、兴趣爱好为1~2个、居住地为农村是ICS患者心理弹性水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:ICS患者的心理弹性水平一般,且可影响患者生活质量,受到冠心病病程时长、文化程度、家庭收入水平、兴趣爱好、居住地等多种因素影响,应制定合理措施来提高ICS患者的心理弹性,促进患者身心健康。