植物乳杆菌高活力保存方法的研究及其应用

本研究旨在探讨植物乳杆菌的高活力保存方法,为植物乳杆菌饲料添加剂规模化、工业化生产奠定基础。采用4℃低温保存法、36℃烘干后常温保存法、阳离子活性载体保存法等3种方法对植物乳杆菌进行活力保存比较试验。以保存后活菌数不低于原值50%为参照标准,结果显示,对照组可保存15 d,4℃低温保存法可保存30 d,36℃烘干后常温保存法只能保存一周,而阳离子活性载体保存法则可保存2个月以上。结果表明,阳离子活性载体保存法可应用于植物乳杆菌饲料添加剂的规模化、工业化生产实践中。     

Starch biosynthesis,its regulation and biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields

Structurally composed of the glucose homopolymers amylose and amylopectin, starch is the main storage carbohydrate in vascular plants, and is synthesized in the plastids of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cells. Its abundance as a naturally occurring organic compound is surpassed only by cellulose, and represents both a cornerstone for human and animal nutrition and a feedstock for many non-food industrial applications including production of adhesives, biodegradable materials, and first-generation bioethanol. This review provides an update on the different proposed pathways of starch biosynthesis occurring in both autotrophic and heterotrophic organs, and provides emerging information about the networks regulating them and their interactions with the environment. Special emphasis is given to recent findings showing that volatile compounds emitted by microorganisms promote both growth and the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of starch in mono- and dicotyledonous plants. We also review how plant biotechnologists have attempted to use basic knowledge on starch metabolism for the rational design of genetic engineering traits aimed at increasing starch in annual crop species. Finally we present some potential biotechnological strategies for enhancing starch content.     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清脂质运载蛋白-2 水平变化及临床意义初探

目的:了解妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血清脂质运载蛋白-2(LCN-2)水平的变化及临床意义,探讨LCN-2的永平变化是否与炎症反应相关.方法:测定30例GDM孕妇及30例正常孕晚期孕妇血清LCN-2水平、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,检测白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(N)、及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并对两组结果进行统计对比分析.结果:(1)GDM组孕妇血清LCN-2水平为(70.69±6.85 )ng/mL,高于正常孕妇血清LCN-2水平(67.02±6.58)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)GDM组孕妇FPG、HbA1c、Fins、HOMA-IR水平分别为[(5.35±0.57)mmol/L、(5.66±0.60)％、(9.38± 1.32)mIU/L、(2.24±0.45)],明显高于正常孕妇血清水平[(5.00±0.26)mmol/L.、(4.72± 0.51)％,(8.26±0.76)mIU/L、(1.83±0.23)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(3)GDM组孕妇血液WBC、N水平分别为(8.77±1.75)X 109/L、(72.07± 3.91)％,正常孕妇血清水平为(8.49± 1.26)x 109/L、(73.18±3.87)％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).GDM组孕妇CRP水平为(5.21±0.91)g/L,正常孕妇血清水平CRP为(3.71±1.27)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:GDM孕妇血清LCN-2水平升高,可能参与了GDM的病理过程,但血清LCN-2水平与临床常用的炎症反应标志物并不相关.     

不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶酶学特性的研究

目的:研究以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体固定化胰蛋白酶的酶学特性。方法:通过测定不同载体固定化胰蛋白酶的活力得其最适反应温度值、最适反应pH值和米氏常数(Km)值。结果:以壳聚糖、复合硅胶、阴离子交换树脂为载体制备固定化胰蛋白酶的最适反应温度分别为70℃、60℃、60℃;最适反应pH值分别为7.5、8.0、8.0;表观米氏常数K’m分别为22.72mg/ml、25.12mg/ml、29.04mg/ml。结论:与游离酶相比,固定化胰蛋白酶均表现出一定的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,利于工业化生产。     

Evidence of glutathione transporter in rat brain synaptosomal membrane vesicles

Glutathione (GSH) transport was studied in synaptosomal membrane vesicles (SMV) of rat cerebral cortex. The present study shows that GSH uptake into SMV occurs very quickly in a time-dependent manner into an osmotically active intravesicular space. The initial rate of transport followed Michealis-Menten saturation kinetics with a K_m 4.5±0.8 μM that shows a high affinity of the transporter for GSH. Therefore GSH uptake in SMV occurs by a mediated transport system which can be activated by either an inward gradient of cations, like Na⁺ or K⁺, or membrane depolarization. These results, together with those obtained by valinomycin-induced K⁺ diffusion potential, indicate that GSH synaptosomal transport is electrogenic by a negative charge transfer. The increase of GSH uptake measured by trans-stimulation experiments confirms a GSH bidirectional mediated transport which seems susceptible of modulation by changes in ionic fluxes and in the membrane potential. These results may indicate a possible involvement of this transporter in the role suggested for GSH in synaptic neurotransmission; also considering that GSH precursor of neuroactive aminoacids (glyeine, glutamate), may contribute to regulate their level in synapses. Finally, a GSH transporter in synaptosomes may contribute to maintaining the GSH homeostasis in cerebral cortex, where decreases of GSH levels have been related to susceptibility to neuropathologies.     

Mutational analysis of the Menkes copper P-type ATPase (ATP7A)

The Menkes protein (ATP7A; MNK) is a ubiquitous human copper-translocating P-type ATPase and it has a key role in regulating copper homeostasis. Previously we characterised fundamental steps in the catalytic cycle of the Menkes protein. In this study we analysed the role of several conserved regions of the Menkes protein, particularly within the putative cytosolic ATP-binding domain. The results of catalytic studies have indicated an important role of 1086His in catalysis. Our findings provide a biochemical explanation for the most common Wilson disease-causing mutation (H1069Q in the homologous Wilson copper-translocating P-type ATPase). Furthermore, we have identified a unique role of 1230Asp, within the DxxK motif, in coupling ATP binding and acylphosphorylation with copper translocation. Finally, we found that the Menkes protein mutants with significantly reduced catalytic activity can still undergo copper-regulated exocytosis, suggesting that only the complete loss of catalytic activity prevents copper-regulated trafficking of the Menkes protein.     

新型载体蛋白P64K在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达与纯化

用常规PCR方法从脑膜炎球菌中克隆出P64K基因,构建重组质粒pET28a-P64K转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经眦诱导表达筛选P64K蛋白的高表达菌株。结果证实P64K蛋白为胞内可溶性表达,表达量约占胞内总蛋白的30％。重组P64K蛋白经Butyl疏水柱、G200分子筛柱和Q阴离子柱三步层析后纯度达到95％以上,为今后进一步的功能和应用研究打下了良好的基础。     

血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、胱抑素C联合红细胞分布宽度对脓毒症患儿急性肾损伤的预测价值

摘要 目的：研究血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、胱抑素C联合红细胞分布宽度（RDW）对脓毒症患儿急性肾损伤（AKI）的预测价值。方法：选取我院从2016年1月～2019年1月收治的脓毒症患儿154例。将所有患儿根据是否合并AKI分为AKI组67例和非AKI组87例。分析两组临床资料的差异,检测并比较血清NGAL、胱抑素C以及RDW水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患儿发生AKI的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清NGAL、胱抑素C以及RDW预测脓毒症患儿AKI的效能。结果：AKI组与非AKI组在年龄、小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）、儿童重症监护室（PICU）停留时间、第三代小儿死亡危险评分(PRISM-Ⅲ)、肌酐（Cr）方面比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。AKI组血清NGAL、胱抑素C以及RDW水平均高于非AKI组（P＜0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现：脓毒症患儿发生AKI的危险因素有PICU停留时间≥15 d、PRISM-Ⅲ＞32分、Cr＞100 μmol/L、血清NGAL＞220 ng/mL、血清胱抑素C＞1.55 mg/L以及RDW＞14%（均OR＞1,P＜0.05）;而防止脓毒症患儿发生AKI的保护因素包括年龄＞50月、PCIS＞70分（均OR＜1,P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析发现：血清NGAL、胱抑素C以及RDW联合检测预测脓毒症患儿AKI的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度以及约登指数均高于上述三项指标单独检测。结论：脓毒症合并AKI的患儿血清NGAL、胱抑素C以及RDW水平异常升高,且联合检测以上指标对脓毒症患儿AKI的预测价值较高,具有一定临床应用价值。     

Cysteine substitutions for individual residues in helix VI of the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli

The melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli is a cytoplasmic membrane protein that mediates the cotransport of galactosides with H⁺, Na⁺, or Li⁺. In this study we used cysteine-scanning mutagenesis to try to gain information about the position of transmembrane helix VI in the three-dimensional structure of the melibiose carrier. We constructed 23 individual cysteine substitutions in helix VI and an adjacent loop of the carrier. The resulting melibiose carriers retained 22–100% of their ability to transport melibiose. We tested the effect of the hydrophilic sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuri-benzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS) on the cysteine-substitution mutants and we found that there was no inhibition of melibiose transport in any of the mutants. We suggest that helix VI is imbedded in phospholipid and does not face the aqueous channel through which melibiose passes. Received: 6 March 2001/Revised: 14 May 2001     

一种新型还原敏感型阳离子寡肽脂质的合成及其在模拟细胞质还原性环境中的降解动力学

目的：设计合成一种新型还原敏感型阳离子寡肽脂质材料,以期由其制得的脂质体可用作核酸药物载体在细胞质还原性环境促发下降解而释放药物。方法：以胱胺为原料引入二硫键,合成还原敏感型阳离子寡肽脂质材料H-SS-E2C14,并用其制备还原敏感型阳离子寡肽脂质体H-SS-E2C14-L;同时,以半胱胺为原料合成H-SS-E2C14 的降解产物CS-E2C14,且采用HPLC 法定量考察H-SS-E2C14在模拟细胞质还原性环境中的降解动力学。结果：合成的H-SS-E2C14 在模拟细胞质还原性环境中的24 h 累积降解率约为70%。结论：H-SS-E2C14-L 有望成为一种理想的基因药物载体。