盐胁迫下欧李叶片叶绿体结构及功能与超微弱发光激发的关系

为初步探索叶绿体及其功能与超微弱发光（Ultraweak luminescence,UWL）激发的关系,揭示UWL与植物生长生理的关系及植物中UWL产生的来源,本试验以欧李（Cerasus humilis）为材料,采用室内盆栽试验,设置不同浓度盐胁迫处理,研究盐胁迫下欧李叶片的叶绿体结构和功能（叶绿素代谢、光系统Ⅱ活性、光合性能和能量水平）及UWL的变化规律和相关性。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫降低了欧李叶片的UWL强度,且盐浓度越高,UWL强度下降程度越大;（2）盐胁迫破坏了欧李叶片叶绿体结构,并降低了其功能,具体表现为叶绿素合成主要前体物质（ALA、Mg-ProtoⅨ）含量显著降低,叶绿素降解酶叶绿素酶（Chlase）活性显著升高,导致叶绿素（Chla、Chlb、Car和Chla+b）含量显著降低;同时欧李叶片FV/Fm、FV/FO、PIABS、RC/CSm、φE0和ΨE0快速下降,光系统Ⅱ活性受到严重抑制;进一步Pn、Tr、Gs下降,Ci同时升高,光合性能显著减弱;ATP含量和EC的显著降低,导致能量水平整体下降;（3）欧李叶片UWL强度与其叶绿素代谢物质及叶绿素含量（ALA、Mg-ProtoⅨ、Chla、Chlb、Car和Chla+b）、光系统Ⅱ活性（FV/Fm、FV/FO、PIABS、RC/CSm、φE0、ΨE0）、光合性能（Pn、Tr、Gs）及能量水平（ATP、EC）等参数均呈显著或极显著性正相关关系。（4）盐浓度越高,胁迫时间越长,欧李叶片UWL强度与叶绿体功能各指标变化程度越大,且高浓度处理下的相关性整体高于低浓度处理。可见,在盐胁迫条件下,欧李叶片叶绿体结构被破坏,同时其功能受到损伤活力下降,从而导致UWL强度降低;UWL强度与叶绿体及其功能关系密切,叶绿体可能是UWL的细胞器之一;UWL强度可以用来反映欧李叶片受盐胁迫伤害的程度。     

蝗虫肠道微生物研究进展

蝗虫自古以来是我国农林牧业的一大害虫,蝗虫聚集成灾对农业造成了巨大的损失,国内外学者也因此对其进行了深入的研究。随着科研工作者对昆虫肠道微生态学理论的逐渐重视,蝗虫的肠道微生物也成为了研究的重点,同时测序技术的迅速发展促进了蝗虫肠道微生物的研究。本文从蝗虫肠道菌群的多样性、功能及研究方法入手,对近年来蝗虫肠道微生物的研究进展进行总结,并对今后的研究进行展望。     

A mechanistic spatio-temporal modeling of COVID-19 data

Understanding the evolution of an epidemic is essential to implement timely and efficient preventive measures. The availability of epidemiological data at a fine spatio-temporal scale is both novel and highly useful in this regard. Indeed, having geocoded data at the case level opens the door to analyze the spread of the disease on an individual basis, allowing the detection of specific outbreaks or, in general, of some interactions between cases that are not observable if aggregated data are used. Point processes are the natural tool to perform such analyses. We analyze a spatio-temporal point pattern of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases detected in Valencia (Spain) during the first 11 months (February 2020 to January 2021) of the pandemic. In particular, we propose a mechanistic spatio-temporal model for the first-order intensity function of the point process. This model includes separate estimates of the overall temporal and spatial intensities of the model and a spatio-temporal interaction term. For the latter, while similar studies have considered different forms of this term solely based on the physical distances between the events, we have also incorporated mobility data to better capture the characteristics of human populations. The results suggest that there has only been a mild level of spatio-temporal interaction between cases in the study area, which to a large extent corresponds to people living in the same residential location. Extending our proposed model to larger areas could help us gain knowledge on the propagation of COVID-19 across cities with high mobility levels.     

Some new results on Cox–Czanner divergence and their applications in survival studies

In the present communication, we propose a quantile-based measure for the divergence between two survival functions. This can also be used in a dynamic way where the divergence between survival functions varies with time. Several new properties of the proposed measure are investigated with suitable examples. The behavior of the measure for various reliability models is also investigated. A real data analysis is employed to compare the relative efficacy of two treatment groups using the proposed divergence measure.     

定量分析调控人类免疫缺陷病毒潜伏与激活的动力学机制

目的 治疗艾滋病最大的障碍在于无法根除人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）潜伏于人体细胞所形成的病毒存储库。构建描述病毒存储库建立分子机制的动力学模型需考虑生物体内的噪声环境和多重影响因素,本文通过一种全新的动力学结构分解方法将随机微分方程的确定性部分与随机性噪声分开,从而在仅需分析常微分方程不动点的情况下即可判断不同药物靶点的作用效果。方法 使用连续的随机微分方程构建了HIV转录过程的动力学模型,简化了描述系统所需方程的维度,增大了模型的可探索空间,在此基础上,通过计算得到的势能函数和概率分布函数直观表示病毒潜伏与激活的不同表达状态以及它们之间的关系。结果 定量分析了不同动力学参数对系统稳态和势函数的影响程度,分别得到了系统处于双稳态和单稳态时的参数范围,并将不同因素对动力系统分岔的影响程度与生物学实验结果对比,验证了本工作的理论基础。结论 本文突破了以往离散、随机的方法,可以通过常微分方程定量分析HIV转录调控的动力学机制,有利于推广到处理高维情况,进一步研究艾滋病在生物体内的发生发展,从而指导设计实验寻找临床上的治疗方案。     

生长抑素在糖尿病大鼠胰腺外分泌功能降低中的作用

本实验观察到,用链佐霉素造成大鼠糖尿病模型,其胰腺组织中生长抑素含量明显升高。大鼠皮下注射生长抑素(100μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))5d,其胰腺组织中淀粉酶的含量明显降低。体外胰腺灌流也表明,生长抑素能抑制CCK—8刺激引起的胰腺淀粉酶释放。以上结果提示,糖尿病时胰腺组织中生长抑素含量的增加可能在胰腺外分泌功能降低中有一定的作用。     

Insights into circular RNAs: Biogenesis,function and their regulatory roles in cardiovascular disease

As a distinctive member of the noncoding RNA family, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are generated from single-stranded, covalently closed structures and are ubiquitous in mammalian cells and tissues. Due to its atypical circular architecture, it was conventionally deemed insignificant dark matter for a prolonged duration. Nevertheless, studies conducted over the last decade have demonstrated that this abundant, structurally stable and tissue-specific RNA has been increasingly relevant in diverse diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, regulatory pathways controlled by circRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and pathological processes of CVDs through their function as miRNA sponges, protein sponges and protein scaffolds. To better understand the role of circRNAs and their complex regulatory networks in CVDs, we summarize current knowledge of their biogenesis and function and the latest research on circRNAs in CVDs, with the hope of paving the way for the identification of promising biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for CVDs.     

Neuronal specificity and its development in the Drosophila wing disc and its derivatives

The imaginal wing disc of flies gives rise to the adult wing blade and dorsal thorax (notum). A great deal has been learned in recent years about the process of neurogenesis in this disc; a number of genes that play crucial roles in the formation of sensory mother cells and in the differentiation of the sensory organs have been identified and their roles defined. Given this extensive background of developmental genetics, it has seemed profitable to summarize what is known about the end-products of neural development, the adult sensory organs. Discussed are their physiological function and role in behavior, the pathways followed by their axons in the CNS, and both genes and epigenetic processes that might play some role in the later stages of neural development and in adult function. The highly individual characteristics of certain of the sensory organs is emphasized, both in the context of their adult roles and as a challenge for future studies in developmental genetics. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

放散式体外冲击波穴位治疗联合中药熏洗治疗老年膝骨关节炎的疗效分析

摘要 目的：评价放散式体外冲击波（rESW）穴位治疗联合中药熏洗在老年膝骨关节炎（KOA）中的应用效果。方法：选入2021年2月~2022年8月我院收治的老年KOA患者76例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组,各38例,两组均予以中药熏洗,观察组加用rESW穴位治疗。评价两组的治疗效果、膝关节功能、疼痛程度等指标,并进行统计比较。结果：与治疗前相比,两组治疗2周、治疗4周时的VAS评分明显下降（P＜0.05）,而观察组下降幅度更大,与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）;两组治疗前Lysholm评分无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而观察组治疗2周、治疗4周时的Lysholm评分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗显效率和有效率均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗2周、4周时的血清IL-1β、TNF-α和MMP-13水平较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：rESW穴位联合中药熏洗治疗老年KOA患者疗效显著,可缓解疼痛症状,改善膝关节功能,控制炎症反应,且操作简单,值得推荐。