不同术式的剖宫产术对再次剖宫产产妇腹腔粘连、盆腔粘连及妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨不同术式的剖宫产术对再次剖宫产产妇腹腔粘连、盆腔粘连及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取我院于2007年7月-2017年10月间收治的需再次行剖宫产产妇168例为研究对象。根据首次剖宫产术式分为对照组(新式腹壁横切式)92例和观察组(传统腹壁纵切式)76例。观察并比较两组产妇临床指标,盆腔粘连、腹腔粘连严重程度以及妊娠结局情况。结果:观察组产妇手术时间、胎儿娩出时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肛门排气时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组产妇腹腔粘连发生率为46.05%(35/76),显著低于对照组的77.17%(71/92),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组产妇盆腔粘连发生率为34.21%(26/76),低于对照组的54.35%(50/92),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组产妇产后出血、术后切口感染、新生儿窒息等发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:首次剖宫产术式的选择对再次剖宫产产妇具有较大影响,传统腹壁纵切式可显著改善产妇临床指标情况,减少盆腔粘连、腹腔粘连发生的概率,且术后并发症较少,值得临床推广应用。     

Solution structure and backbone dynamics of human Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein

Human Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (hRKIP) is a small multi-functional protein of 187 residues. It contains a conserved pocket, which binds a wide range of ligands from various small molecules to distinct proteins. To provide a structural basis for the ligand diversity of RKIP, we herein determined the solution structure of hRKIP, and analyzed its structural dynamics. In solution, hRKIP mainly comprises two antiparallel β sheets, two α helices and two 3₁₀ helices. NMR dynamic analysis reveals that the overall structure of hRKIP is rigid, but its C-terminal helix which is close to the ligand-binding site is mobile. In addition, residues around the ligand-binding pocket exhibit significant conformational exchange on the μs–ms timescale. Conformational flexibility may allow the ligand-binding pocket and the C-terminal helix to adopt various conformations to interact with different substrates. This work may shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of how hRKIP recognizes and binds diverse substrate ligands.     

Maternal care interacts with prenatal stress in altering sexual dimorphism in male rats

The present study analyzes the interaction between prenatal stress and mother's behavior on brain, hormonal, and behavioral development of male offspring in rats. It extends to males our previous findings, in females, that maternal care can alter behavioral dimorphism that becomes evident in the neonates when they mature. Experiment 1 compares the maternal behavior of foster mothers toward cross-fostered pups versus mothers rearing their own litters. Experiment 2 ascertains the induced “maternal” behavior of the male pups, derived from Experiment 1 when they reached maturity. The most striking effect was that the males non-exposed to the stress as fetuses and raised by stressed foster mothers showed the highest levels of “maternal” behavior of all the groups (i.e., induction of maternal behavior and retrieving behavior), not differing from the control, unstressed, female groups. Furthermore, those males showed significantly fewer olfactory bulb mitral cells than the control males that were non-stressed as fetuses and raised by their own non-stressed mothers. They also presented the lowest levels of plasma testosterone of all the male groups.     

The Manifestation of the Motor Activity Circadian Rhythm of Blinded Rats Depends on the Lighting Conditions During Lactation

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of different lighting conditions during lactation on the functioning of the circadian pacemaker in the adult rat in absence of the retinal input. We reared one group of rats under constant light (LL-rats) and the other under constant darkness (DD-rats). After weaning they were placed under light-dark cycles of 24h period for 29 days to eliminate the aftereffects of the previous lighting. All the animals were then binocularly enucleated and motor activity was recorded. Results reveal that, before and after the enucleation, the expression of the circadian rhythm was stronger in DD- than in the LL-rats. Our results indicate that lighting conditions during lactation modify the functioning of the circadian pacemaker.     

Joint models for a primary endpoint and multiple longitudinal covariate processes

Summary .   Joint models are formulated to investigate the association between a primary endpoint and features of multiple longitudinal processes. In particular, the subject-specific random effects in a multivariate linear random-effects model for multiple longitudinal processes are predictors in a generalized linear model for primary endpoints. Li, Zhang, and Davidian (2004, Biometrics 60 , 1–7) proposed an estimation procedure that makes no distributional assumption on the random effects but assumes independent within-subject measurement errors in the longitudinal covariate process. Based on an asymptotic bias analysis, we found that their estimators can be biased when random effects do not fully explain the within-subject correlations among longitudinal covariate measurements. Specifically, the existing procedure is fairly sensitive to the independent measurement error assumption. To overcome this limitation, we propose new estimation procedures that require neither a distributional or covariance structural assumption on covariate random effects nor an independence assumption on within-subject measurement errors. These new procedures are more flexible, readily cover scenarios that have multivariate longitudinal covariate processes, and can be implemented using available software. Through simulations and an analysis of data from a hypertension study, we evaluate and illustrate the numerical performances of the new estimators.     

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament related genes identification using microarray gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a kind of disease with physical barriers and neurological disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OPLL patient ligament cells and identify the target sites for the prevention and treatment of OPLL in clinic. Gene expression data GSE5464 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus; then DEGs were screened by limma package in R language, and changed functions and pathways of OPLL cells compared to normal cells were identified by DAVID (The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery); finally, an interaction network of DEGs was constructed by string. A total of 1536 DEGs were screened, with 31 down-regulated and 1505 up-regulated genes. Response to wounding function and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway may involve in the development of OPLL. Genes, such as PDGFB, PRDX2 may involve in OPLL through response to wounding function. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway enriched genes such as TLR1, TLR5, and TLR7 may involve in spine cord injury in OPLL. PIK3R1 was the hub gene in the network of DEGs with the highest degree; INSR was one of the most closely related genes of it. OPLL related genes screened by microarray gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis may be helpful for elucidating the mechanism of OPLL.     

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures

The present paper describes a comprehensive protocol for manual tracing of the set of brain regions comprising the medial temporal lobe (MTL): amygdala, hippocampus, and the associated parahippocampal regions (perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal proper). Unlike most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, including extant tracing protocols separately targeting various MTL structures, histological reports, and brain atlases, and with the complement of illustrative visual materials, the present protocol provides an accurate, intuitive, and convenient guide for understanding the MTL anatomy. The need for such tracing guidelines is also emphasized by illustrating possible differences between automatic and manual segmentation protocols. This knowledge can be applied toward research involving not only structural MRI investigations but also structural-functional colocalization and fMRI signal extraction from anatomically defined ROIs, in healthy and clinical groups alike.