元宝山南方红豆杉种群结构——Ⅱ、高度结构

在资源调查的基础上选择样地 ,采用样方调查法研究红豆杉种群高度结构 ,结果表明南方红豆杉种群是通过茎干萌生幼苗 (构件 )来延续和扩大的 ,其结构为塔型 ,存活曲线为中间微凸而近于直线 ,是稳定型种群结构。幼苗幼树级占 95.3% ,其次为高度 9.1～ 11m的成年树级 ,占 1.6 %。为了扩大和延续 ,南方红豆杉种群通过大量萌生 (繁殖 )构件并进行自我调节 ,使幼树幼苗有较高的死亡率 ;种群个体进入优势层后 ,高度生长缓慢 ,而径向生长加快 ,因此 9.1～ 11m级数量增多。种间种内竞争的结果形成南方红豆杉种群世代不同大小个体的高度结构。南方红豆杉种群高度与胸径的关系为幂函数相关关系 ,高度与年龄 (<6 0 a)的关系为线性相关关系     

The inheritance of node number and rate of node production in Brussels sprouts

Summary The total vegetative node number, rate of node production and number of sprouts over 13 mm diameter were recorded for 10 F₁ Brussels sprout cultivars and 45 progenies derived by intercrossing and selfing them. Significant differences, resulting from additive gene action, were found between the 10 cultivars and between their progenies for both characters. For total node number there was also evidence of dominant gene action. Total node number and rate of node production were closely correlated as were total node number and the number of harvested sprouts. The factors causing differences in rate of node production are indicated and the relationship of this character to other Brussels sprout yield components is outlined.     

濒危植物南方红豆杉不同种群的结构和动态变化

为了解南方红豆杉(Taxus chinensis var.mairei)不同种群的结构变化,于2007年、2008年、2012年分别对皖南仙寓山双坑村、浙江天目山桐坑村及福建梅花山的南方红豆杉天然种群进行了研究。结果表明,仙寓山的1214株南方红豆杉中,幼苗占80%;天目山有510株,幼苗占39.61%,其次是9 m以上的古树,占22.16%;梅花山有174株,幼苗占70.11%,古树占20.11%。3个种群的天然更新都呈缓慢增长状态,存活曲线为Deevey-Ⅲ型,空间分布均为聚集分布,但从幼苗到幼树的生长阶段死亡率高。因此,对濒危植物南方红豆杉的保护重点应放在幼苗和幼树阶段。     

两种海马鳃组织和消化道的黏液细胞类型及分布

运用阿新兰(AB,pH 2.6)和过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)反应染色方法,对三斑海马(Hippocampus trimaculatus)和日本海马(H.japonicus)鳃组织与消化道中的黏液细胞类型及分布进行了研究。染色结果显示:两种海马的鳃组织和消化道中均含有黏液细胞,日本海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞,三斑海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞。两种海马消化道各部位的黏液细胞类型和数量有明显差异:日本海马的食道中Ⅰ型细胞最多,而三斑海马的食道中Ⅳ型细胞最多;日本海马的前肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞,而三斑海马的前肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅰ型细胞含量最多;日本海马的中肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,而三斑海马中肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞;日本海马与三斑海马的后肠中都分布有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,两者不同的是,日本海马的后肠中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,三斑海马的后肠中Ⅳ型细胞含量最多。     

Neuroprotective effect of Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampus cells

ABSTRACT

Phenolic compounds isolated from pepper (Capsicum annum) have been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects, whereas the physiological properties of Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum (CAA) have not been studied. Thus, we investigate the chemical composition and neuroprotective activity of CAA extract (CAAE) in HT22 hippocampus cells against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity. CAAE treatment resulted in a significant protection of H₂O₂-exposed HT22, this protection ultimately occurred through an inhibition of MDA and ROS levels and an induction of SOD activity. Furthermore, CAAE treatment reduced H₂0₂-induced apoptosis though decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspases-3) while increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2), as well as the accumulation of nucleus-Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling. Interestingly, CAAE has a high concentration of unique phenolic compositions (chlrogenic acid, tangeretin, etc.) than other capsicum annum extracts. Altogether, these findings suggest that CAAE can be a useful natural resource for alleviating neurodegenerative diseases.     

芦荟凝集素的分离、纯化和部分性质的研究

新鲜芦荟叶（Ａｌｏｅ ｖｅｒａ Ｌ．ｖａｒ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｈａｗ．）Ｂｅｒｇｅｒ）于室温用低浓度ＮａＣｌ溶液提取。离心和透析后,经Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖０Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ亲和层析,分离纯化出芦荟凝集素（ＡＣＬ）。用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００测表观分子量为３５ＫＤ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ出现两条色带;染色 ;宽带和较浅的罕带。亚基分子量分别为１５ＫＤ和２０ＫＤ。能专一性凝集兔血细胞和人血红细胞     

中国桑寄生科植物资料(三)

作者在编著《ＦｌｏｒａｏｆＣｈｉｎａ》Ｌｏｒａｎｔｈａｃｅａｅ过程中,据近年采集的标本和花粉形态研究,修订了《中国植物志》第２４卷的桑寄生科。现报道钝果寄生属（Ｔａｘｉｌｕｓ）二个新分类单位：油杉钝果寄生Ｔ．ｒｅｎｉ,狭叶钝果寄生Ｔ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ的描述和枫香钝果寄生Ｔ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓ及显脉钝果寄生Ｔ．ｃａｌｏｒｅａｓｖａｒ．ｆａｒｇｅｓｉ的地理分布区等;另有梨果寄生属（Ｓｃｕｒｒｕｌａ）一个新组合：藏南梨果寄生Ｓ．ｂｕｄｄｌｅｉｏｉｄｅｓｖａｒ．ｈｅｙｎｅｉ。     

Soil-surface carbon dioxide efflux and microbial biomass in relation to tree density 13 years after a stand replacing fire in a lodgepole pine ecosystem

The effects of fire on soil‐surface carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux, F_S, and microbial biomass carbon, C_mic, were studied in a wildland setting by examining 13‐year‐old postfire stands of lodgepole pine differing in tree density (< 500 to > 500 000 trees ha^?1) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). In addition, young stands were compared to mature lodgepole pine stands (～110‐year‐old) in order to estimate ecosystem recovery 13 years after a stand replacing fire. Growing season F_S increased with tree density in young stands (1.0 µmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 in low‐density stands, 1.8 µmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 in moderate‐density stands and 2.1 µmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 in high‐density stands) and with stand age (2.7 µmol CO₂ m^?2 s^?1 in mature stands). Microbial biomass carbon in young stands did not differ with tree density and ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mg C g^?1 dry soil over the growing season; C_mic was significantly greater in mature stands (0.5–0.8 mg C g^?1 dry soil). Soil‐surface CO₂ efflux in young stands was correlated with biotic variables (above‐ground, below‐ground and microbial biomass), but not with abiotic variables (litter and mineral soil C and N content, bulk density and soil texture). Microbial biomass carbon was correlated with below‐ground plant biomass and not with soil carbon and nitrogen, indicating that plant activity controls not only root respiration, but C_mic pools and overall F_S rates as well. These findings support recent studies that have demonstrated the prevailing importance of plants in controlling rates of F_S and suggest that decomposition of older, recalcitrant soil C pools in this ecosystem is relatively unimportant 13 years after a stand replacing fire. Our results also indicate that realistic predictions and modeling of terrestrial C cycling must account for the variability in tree density and stand age that exists across the landscape as a result of natural disturbances.     

樟子松人工固沙林衰退的主要特征

针对辽宁省章古台地区樟子松人工固沙林出现的衰退枯死现象,系统地研究了樟子松人工固沙林衰退的主要特征.结果表明,衰退的樟子松人工固沙林外貌景观呈灰绿色,针叶纤细,开花结实率低,平均单株球果数量为10.4～16.5个,成熟种子千粒重为6.96～7.39g,种子空粒、涩粒较多.生长季内2年生针叶营养元素季节变化规律相似,但N、P含量下降,K含量明显增高,表明养分循环失调;衰退林分2年生针叶叶绿素含量较高,健康林分1年生较高且增幅较大.松枯梢病的侵害是樟子松人工固沙林衰退的最明显标志.林分衰退后,树高和胸径生长量下降明显,林分胸径分布结构“左移”(径级小的株数增多),衰弱(亡)木数量增加了15.9%～27.2%;根量分别减少了22.9%～28.9%,其中吸收根减少量最大.     

青花菜细胞质雄性不育系线粒体DNA的提取与RAPD分析

利用分子生物学方法提取青花菜不育系及其保持系线粒体的DNA,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明所提取的线粒体DNA纯度较高。通过40个引物进行随机引物多态性扩增,结果表明,由引物S66扩增出一条1 000 bp左右的特异条带BMS1000,该条带是不育系m tDNA所特有的,初步推断该特异条带可能与不育性相关。