Proteomic signature of periodontal disease in pregnancy: Predictive validity for adverse outcomes

The rate of preterm birth is a public health concern worldwide because it is increasing and efforts to prevent it have failed. We report a Clinically Relevant Complex Systematic Review (CSCSR) designed to identify and evaluate the best available evidence in support of the association between periodontal status in women and pregnancy outcome of preterm low birth weight. We hypothesize that the traditional limits of research synthesis must be expanded to incorporate a translational component. As a proof-of-concept model, we propose that this CSCSR can yield greater validity of efficacy and effectiveness through supplementing its recommendations with data of the proteomic signature of periodontal disease in pregnancy, which can contribute to addressing specifically the predictive validity for adverse outcomes. For this CRCSR, systematic reviews were identified through The National Library of MedicinePubmed, The Cochrane library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the American Dental Association web library. Independent reviewers quantified the relevance and quality of this literature with R-AMSTAR. Homogeneity and inter-rater reliability testing were supplemented with acceptable sampling analysis. Research synthesis outcomes were analyzed qualitatively toward a Bayesian inference, and converge to demonstrate a definite association between maternal periodontal disease and pregnancy outcome. This CRCSR limits heterogeneity in terms of periodontal disease, outcome measure, selection bias, uncontrolled confounders and effect modifiers. Taken together, the translational CRCSR model we propose suggests that further research is advocated to explore the fundamental mechanisms underlying this association, from a molecular and proteomic perspective.     

单侧甲状腺电凝毁损法构建大鼠亚临床甲状腺功能减退症模型

目的评价单侧甲状腺电凝毁损法建立大鼠亚临床甲状腺功能减退症模型的可行性。方法 36只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、亚临床甲状腺功能减退症组和临床甲状腺功能减退症组。亚临床甲状腺功能减退症组大鼠电凝毁损单侧甲状腺,临床甲状腺功能减退症组大鼠电凝毁损全部甲状腺,假手术组暴露甲状腺而不毁损。饲养2周后,相同时间组间平行采血、化学发光法检测血清TSH、fT4、T3水平,光镜下观察亚临床甲状腺功能减退症组大鼠对侧甲状腺组织病理形态学变化。结果与假手术组比较,大鼠单侧电凝毁损甲状腺术后2周血清TSH水平轻度升高而T3、fT4则无显著变化,残留甲状腺组织轻度增生,符合亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的特征;大鼠双侧电凝毁损甲状腺2周后血清T3、fT4显著下降、TSH水平显著升高,符合临床甲状腺功能减退症的诊断标准。结论单侧甲状腺电凝毁损法建立大鼠亚临床甲状腺功能减退症模型是用于研究亚临床甲状腺功能减退症发生及发展机制的简便可靠模型。     

Complexity of the cold acclimation response in Drosophila melanogaster

Insects can increase their resistance to cold stress when they are exposed to non-lethal conditions prior to the stress; these plastic responses are normally described only in terms of immediate effects on mortality. Here we examine in Drosophila melanogaster the short- and longer-term effects of different conditions on several measures of cold resistance, but particularly chill coma recovery. Short-term exposure to sublethal temperature (cold hardening) did not decrease chill coma recovery times even though it decreased mortality. Exposure to 12 degrees C for 2 days (acclimation) decreased chill coma recovery times for a range of stressful temperatures when flies were cultured at 25 degrees C, but did not usually affect recovery times when flies were cultured at 19 degrees C. In contrast, 2-day exposure to 12 degrees C decreased mortality regardless of rearing temperature. Rearing at 19 degrees C decreased mortality and chill coma recovery time relative to rearing at 25 degrees C. Acclimation increased the eclosion rate of eggs from stressed females, but did not affect development time or size of the offspring. These results indicate that plastic responses to cold in D. melanogaster are complex when resistance is scored in different ways, and that effects can extend across generations.     

双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的临床分析

目的:探讨双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的原因及处理方法。方法:对本院2013年1月～2017年6月住院分娩的双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的病例进行回顾性分析。结果:双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡28例,占同期双胎分娩的1.63%,占同期双胎胎盘送检的4.33%。6例孕28周,14例孕28～34周,8例孕周34周。全部孕产妇均无出血倾向或发生凝血功能障碍。产妇年龄23～45周岁,平均31.3周岁;初产妇23人,经产妇5人。应用辅助生殖技术受孕5例,自然受孕23例;剖宫产7例,顺产21例;确诊一胎儿死亡时间为孕12周余～34周余。主要致死原因为脐带因素13例次(46.43%),胎盘因素12例次(42.86%),双胎输血综合征及纸样胎共5例次(17.86%),胎儿畸形4例次(18.18%)。结论:孕中晚期双胎之一胎儿宫内死亡妊娠不足34周,应在密切监护母胎情况下行期待治疗,单绒毛膜囊双胎34周后可以分娩,双绒毛膜囊双胎可妊娠至36周。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期BV患者阴道乳酸菌及妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期细菌性阴道病（BV）患者阴道乳酸菌数量及妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取产科门诊治疗的妊娠晚期BV妇女110例,随机分为观察组和对照组各55例。观察组予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊（1粒/晨,1次/d）联合甲硝唑栓（1粒/晚,1次/d）阴道给药,对照组予以单纯甲硝唑栓阴道给药治疗,用法与用量同观察组,两组疗程均为10 d。治疗结束后1周复诊观察阴道乳酸菌数量,并比较其临床疗效、妊娠结局及阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）的发生率。结果 1周后复诊,观察组患者阴道乳酸菌数量多于对照组（χ2=24.44,P0.05）。观察组和对照组分别诱发VVC 2例（3.64%）和8例（14.55 %）,观察组VVC发生率低于对照组（χ2=3.96,P<0.05）。结论 妊娠晚期BV患者予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊和甲硝唑栓联合治疗的疗效确切,能增加阴道乳酸菌数量,纠正阴道菌群紊乱,减少VVC的发生率,从而减少早产发生率,改善妊娠结局。     

孕晚期妇女阴道微生态流行病学调查分析

目的 探讨孕晚期妇女阴道微生态状况,为进一步施行干预措施提供实验依据。方法 采用病例对照研究,采集研究对象下阴道2/3的白带样本进行阴道微生态检测,判定研究对象的阴道微生态状况。结果 共纳入4 852名孕晚期妇女及2 500名正常体检妇女进行阴道微生态的基本情况分析,孕晚期妇女的阴道微生态失衡状况高于非孕妇女。影响孕晚期妇女的阴道微生态失衡因素为H2O2阴性（OR=0.84,P=0.012）、唾液酸苷酶阳性（OR=2.25,P<0.001）、乳杆菌比例少（OR=2.73,P<0.001）、AV评分较高（OR=1.12,P=0.039）、酵母样真菌感染/定植（OR=2.22,P<0.001）、酵母样真菌与加德纳/普雷沃菌混合感染（OR=1.82,P=0.032）、Nugent评分较高（OR=1.41,P<0.001）及阴道Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的清洁度人数较多（OR=1.28,P=0.028）。结论 本地区孕晚期妇女阴道微生态存在失衡状况,下一步需提出合理干预措施,减少妊娠不良结局的风险。     

Species and individual differences in juvenile female alloparental care are associated with oxytocin receptor density in the striatum and the lateral septum

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of affiliative behavior and maternal responsiveness in several mammalian species. Rodent species vary considerably in the expression of juvenile alloparental behavior. For example, alloparental behavior is spontaneous in juvenile female prairie voles (approximately 20 days of age), takes 1-3 days of pup exposure to develop in juvenile rats, and is nearly absent in juvenile mice and meadow voles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species differences in pup responsiveness in juvenile rodents are associated with oxytocin receptor (OTR) density in specific brain regions. We found that OTR density in the nucleus accumbens (NA) is highest in juvenile prairie voles, intermediate in juvenile rats, and lowest in juvenile mice and meadow voles. In the caudate putamen (CP), OTR binding was highest in prairie voles, intermediate in rats and meadow voles, and lowest in mice. In contrast, the lateral septum (LS) shows an opposite pattern, with OTR binding being high in mice and meadow voles and low in prairie voles and rats. Thus, alloparental responsiveness in juvenile rodents is positively correlated with OTR density in the NA and CP and negatively correlated with OTR density in the LS. We then investigated whether a similar receptor-behavior relationship exists among juvenile female prairie voles by correlating individual variation in alloparental behavior with variation in OTR density. The time spent adopting crouching postures, the most distinctive component of alloparental behavior in juveniles, was positively correlated with OTR density in the NA (r = 0.47) and CP (r = 0.45) and negatively correlated with OTR density in the lateral septum (r = -0.53). Thus, variation in OTR density in the NA, CP, and LS may underlie both species and individual differences in alloparental care in rodents.     

GDNF control of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway requires tonic activation of adenosine A2A receptors

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) affords neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease in accordance with its ability to bolster nigrostriatal innervation. We previously found that GDNF facilitates dopamine release in a manner dependent on adenosine A_2A receptor activation. As motor dysfunction also involves modifications of striatal glutamatergic innervation, we now tested if GDNF and its receptor system, Ret ( rearranged during transfection ) and GDNF family receptor α1 controlled the cortico-striatal glutamatergic pathway in an A_2A receptor-dependent manner. GDNF (10 ng/mL) enhanced (by ≈13%) glutamate release from rat striatal nerve endings, an effect potentiated (up to ≈30%) by the A_2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 (10 nM) and prevented by the A_2A receptor antagonist, SCH 58261 (50 nM). Triple immunocytochemical studies revealed that Ret and GDNF family receptor α1 were located in 50% of rat striatal glutamatergic terminals (immunopositive for vesicular glutamate transporters-1/2), where they were found to be co-located with A_2A receptors. Activation of the glutamatergic system upon in vivo electrical stimulation of the rat cortico-striatal input induced striatal Ret phosphorylation that was prevented by pre-treatment with the A_2A receptor antagonist, MSX-3 (3 mg/kg). The results provide the first functional and morphological evidence that GDNF controls cortico-striatal glutamatergic pathways in a manner largely dependent on the co-activation of adenosine A_2A receptors.