红藻糖苷对超低温冻存微藻的保护作用

为研究红藻糖苷对超低温冻存微藻细胞的保护作用,研究将3种不同的微藻置于含10% DMSO和不同浓度红藻糖苷的冻存液中,冻存并解冻后,以流式细胞仪检测细胞存活率,测定复养后藻株的生长曲线及相关生理参数。结果显示,由于冷冻损伤,冻存后各种藻细胞的生长速率、细胞密度及生理指标都显著性下降,而红藻糖苷协同DMSO能够显著增加细胞的存活率,尤其15%红藻糖苷能将紫球藻存活率提升20%（P0.05）;生长曲线得到明显改善;且对PSII最大光能转化效率也有显著性提高（P0.05）。总体结果来看,红藻糖苷对超低温冻存微藻,特别是紫球藻具有明显的保护作用,且效果强于蔗糖。     

南海莺琼盆地沉积环境中几种厌氧细菌的组成与分布

在严格的厌氧条件下,用MPN计数的方法测定了莺琼盆地东方1-1-1井垂直剖面不同沉积层的地质样品中的硫酸盐还原菌、发酵细菌的数量,并检测了产甲烷细菌,对各种菌的形态进行了观察,比较了菌数量与一些指标的关系,并对产甲烷细菌的代谢类型和产甲烷能力进行了观察。研究结果表明：硫酸盐还原菌在各样品中均存在,与沉积深度无相关性,而与样品中SO2-4的含量有一定相关性;而发酵细菌的分布也与沉积深度无相关性,而与样品中的有机质有一定的负相关性。全部样品中均检测出两种形态产甲烷细菌,即甲烷球菌（Methanococcus）和甲烷杆菌（Methanobacterium）,其营养类型为H2／CO2。     

海洋生物保健制剂中氨基酸的测定及营养评价

本文对以海参、鱼翅、鱼鳔等为主要原料,添加一些具有食疗作用的中药而制成具有不同功效的６种保健制剂,测定了其中的游离氨基酸及１８种常见氨基酸的含量。以ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ的氨基酸模式及化学评分,评价了这些保健制剂的蛋白质营养价值。限制性氨基酸主要是赖氨酸和（或）亮氨酸。这些制剂的氨基酸评分大多数都很高,有４种制剂的化学评分在９０分以上。     

具抗菌活性海洋放线菌菌株JMC 06001的分离和鉴定

从湛江硇洲岛高盐泥样中分离到一株微嗜盐放线菌JMC 06001,该菌株的发酵产物具有很强的抗菌活性.菌株JMC 06001在多数培养基上生长良好,气生菌丝白色,基内菌丝淡黄色至浅棕色.在燕麦琼脂(ISP 3)、甘油-天门冬酰胺琼脂(ISP 5)、葡萄糖-天门冬酰胺琼脂及马铃薯浸汁琼脂上产生黄色可溶性色素,在酵母膏-麦芽膏琼脂(ISP2)、蛋白胨酵母膏铁盐琼脂(ISP6)和营养琼脂上产生棕色可溶性色素.生长温度范围为4℃～40℃,最适生长温度28℃.生长pH范围为6.0～9.0,最适pH 7.0.能在含0～1.5 mol/L NaCl的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为0.2～0.5 mol/L NaCl.根据其形态学特征、生理生化特征、细胞化学分类特征和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析结果,菌株JMC 06001被鉴定为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的有效发表种波赛链霉菌(S.peucetius)的一个菌株.     

Al_2O_3催化剂对海洋生物质热解特性的影响

以海洋生物质浒苔为研究对象,并以玉米秸秆(草类生物质)和锯末(木质类生物质)为对照,采用热重分析方法研究了3种生物质的热解特性,并比较了3种生物质之间的热解差异。结果表明,与玉米秸秆和锯末等典型陆生生物质相比,浒苔的热稳定性最低。此外,以不同浓度氧化铝作为催化剂,用热重分析法对其热解过程进行了研究,利用TG-DTG曲线分析了不同催化剂在不同浓度下对其基本热解特性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3对于3种生物质转化率和最大失重速率有显著的影响,其中Al2O3对锯末和浒苔的转化率降低程度比玉米秸秆较明显。考虑到Al2O3具有可调变的表面酸碱性以及多种不同的晶相结构等优点,Al2O3具有较大的的应用价值。     

1980—2005年中国东北木本植物物候特征及其对气温的响应

基于25年物候观测数据,分析了东北地区木本植物物候的时空变化特征,阐述了近25年来东北地区气候变暖对植物物候的影响,结果表明:1980—2005年,东北地区木本植物展叶初期主要呈提前趋势,提前幅度为0.23d·a-1,枯黄初期主要表现为推后趋势,平均推后0.19d·a-1,生长季延长,平均延长幅度为0.30d·a-1;东北地区广泛分布的5种木本植物(旱柳、杏树、小叶杨、榆树和紫丁香)物候在地理空间上存在显著差异:纬度平均每增加1°,展叶初期推后3d,枯黄初期提前1.35d,生长季长度缩短4.41d;东北地区植物展叶初期与2、3、4月的气温显著负相关(P0.05),其中,4月气温对植物展叶提前的影响最大,展叶提前趋势平均为2.35d·℃-1;2月气温的影响最小,平均趋势为1.18d·℃-1。     

Marine reserves: the need for systems

Highly protected marine reserves are areas of the sea in which human disturbances are minimised so that the full natural biological diversity is maintained or, more often, allowed to recover to a more natural state. Europe has very few marine reserves; they are very small and almost all are in the Mediterranean. There are at present no official plans to create effective systems of marine reserves. Europe has many so-called Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). These are marine areas with some extra regulations or planning procedures. MPAs aim to make human activities more efficient and more sustainable. MPAs are user-orientated, knowledge-based, locality-dependent, problem-solving extensions of standard marine planning and management. Marine reserves are quite different. All extractive and potentially disturbing human activities are prohibited. The burden of proof is reversed; no evidence of damage or danger to particular species or habitats is required; all marine life is protected on principle. The concept of marine reserves is simple and practical, but because it is new, different and additional to existing marine management, the idea is seen by many as revolutionary. Basic biological principles and practical experience in many countries make it clear that marine reserves are important to science and education, essential for conservation and useful in resource management. These features apply in all regions and ecosystems. They are independent of climate, biogeography, current human activities and the present management. Representative and viable systems of marine reserves are needed in all regions. Fishing and other human disturbances have been widespread and intensive for so long that it is very difficult to predict the stages of recovery that occur in marine reserves. Furthermore, while some features change rapidly (e.g. numbers of previously targeted species), recovery continues for a long time (e.g. fourth- and fifth-order trophic and structural changes after >25 years). None of this alters the fact that, in scientific terms, marine reserves are controls not manipulations. Such controls are required if scientists are to understand the intrinsic processes and obtain data that are not confounded by human activities (e.g. separating natural variation from fishing effects). No significant progress will be made to establish marine reserves in Europe until scientists speak out strongly and clearly on the issue. We consider it is part of our professional duty as marine biologists to state publicly and frequently the need for a representative, replicated, networked and sustainable system of highly protected marine reserves. We doubt if our grandchildren will accept any excuses if we fail. Guest editors: J. Davenport, G. Burnell, T. Cross, M. Emmerson, R. McAllen, R. Ramsay & E. Rogan Challenges to Marine Ecosystems     

Assessing Marine Resource Exploitation in Lofanga,Tonga: One Case Study—Two Approaches

This paper is an attempt to combine the results and conclusions of two independently designed research projects, in order to achieve a more complete understanding of the degree of exploitation of living marine resources by a small Tongan coastal fishing community. Results of a socioeconomic resource-driven survey and an anthropological study adopting a commons dilemma approach, agree substantially on the impact of tradition and changes, but disagree with regard to the driving forces. The socioeconomic study argues that dynamics between traditional and modern economic values best explain the state of the community’s coastal fisheries; while the anthropological study argues that social values and obligations still determine to a great extent the goals people pursue with their economic activities. Current fishing pressure, the marine tenure system, and present and future marketing potentials are all factors which may result in conflict between the traditional Tongan system and the modern cash-based, remittance sustained system. These will ultimately affect the current and future status of coastal resources and the social cohesion of the community.

Studies on wound healing potential of red pigment isolated from marine Bacterium Vibrio sp.

Wounds are common clinical entities of life which may be subacute or acute. Wound healing is a complex biochemical process where the cell structures are restored to normalcy, which depend on cell proliferation and migration, basically fibroblast cell. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the healing efficacy of red pigment isolated from marine isolate Vibrio sps on experimental wounds in albino rats. The red pigment was applied topically, twice daily for 14 days. Treatment with framycetin ointment was used as reference control. The red pigment treated group showed faster reduction in wound area in comparison with control and framycetin ointment treated groups. In conclusion, red pigment possesses significant healing potential in wounds and has a positive influence on the different phases of wound repair.     

海洋石油降解微生物及其降解机理

微生物修复作为一种新型环保的生物修复技术,已成为海洋石油污染生物修复的核心技术。对海洋石油降解微生物的种类即细菌、蓝藻、真菌以及藻类进行了总结,对微生物对石油烃的降解途径与降解机理进行了综述。微生物降解烷烃的过程包括末端氧化、烷基氢过氧化物以及环己烷降解3种形式。微生物对芳香烃的降解是通过芳香烃被氧化酶氧化导致苯环开环来实现的。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是在单加氧酶或双加氧酶的催化作用下被最终降解为二氧化碳和水而被分解。并对影响石油烃降解微生物的因素包括温度、营养物质等因素进行了分析。