New triterpene oligoglycosides from the Caribbean sponge Erylus formosus

Seven new triterpene glycosides, erylosides R₁ (1), T₁ (3), T₂ (4), T₃ (5), T₄ (6), T₅ (7), and T₆ (8) along with the known formoside (2) were isolated from the sponge Erylus formosus collected along the Caribbean coast of Mexico. Glycoside 1 was determined as a trisaccharide, glycoside 2 as a tetrasaccharide while glycosides 3–8 were hexasaccharide. Their carbohydrate chains were unprecedented and have never been found in oligosaccharides from other biological sources, except Erylus spp. Three carbohydrate chains in the glycosides 3 and 6, 4 and 7, 5 and 8 correspondingly are new. The glycosides 1–5 have penasterol as aglycone while glycosides 6–8 proved to be glycoconjugates of 24-methylene-14-carboxy-lanost-8(9)-en-3β-ol.     

响应面法优化海洋镰刀腐皮菌产出HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的培养条件

【目的】采用响应面法对海洋微生物镰刀腐皮菌FG319发酵产生MFS(Metabolite of Fusarium solani FG319)培养条件进行优化。【方法】在单因素试验结果的基础上,依据Box-Behnken中心组合原则设计诱导物添加量、培养时间、培养温度的3因素3水平响应面实验,以MFS产出量为响应值优化镰刀腐皮菌FG319的培养条件。【结果】镰刀腐皮菌FG319最优培养条件为诱导物添加量0.6%、培养时间7 d、培养温度22°C,在此培养条件下,MFS最高产量达到20.11 mg/L,是优化前的4倍,与理论预测的相对误差为0.64%,实测值与响应面预测值拟合良好。镰刀腐皮菌FG319代谢产物MFS在HMG-CoA还原酶和NADPH构筑的分子评价反应体系,当MFS添加到100 mg/L时,具有类似洛伐他汀抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的最大抑制率。【结论】响应面试验设计对镰刀腐皮菌FG319培养条件的优化是有效的,其次生代谢产物MFS体外抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的效果也是明显的。     

Purification and characterization of a novel ATP-independent type I DNA topoisomerase from a marine methylotroph

DNA topoisomerase is involved in DNA repair and replication. In this study, a novel ATP-independent 30-kDa type I DNA topoisomerase was purified and characterized from a marine methylotroph, Methylophaga sp. strain 3. The purified enzyme composed of a single polypeptide was active over a broad range of temperature and pH. The enzyme was able to relax only negatively supercoiled DNA. Mg(2+) was required for its relaxation activity, while ATP gave no effect. The enzyme was clearly inhibited by camptothecin, ethidium bromide, and single-stranded DNA, but not by nalidixic acid and etoposide. Interestingly, the purified enzyme showed Mn(2+)-activated endonuclease activity on supercoiled DNA. The N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme showed no homology with those of other type I enzymes. These results suggest that the purified enzyme is an ATP-independent type I DNA topoisomerase that has, for the first time, been characterized from a marine methylotroph.     

遗传学试题库微机系统的功能设置及意义

TheFunctionandsignificanceoftheComputerSystemoftheGeneticsTestQuestionPoolXuYaokuiGuDefeng(DepartmentofAgronomy,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118)遗传学是生物科学中一门重要的基础学科,也是高等农业院校的一门重要的专业基础课．随着知识的更新,科学技术的发展,迫切要求提高高等院校遗传学教学水平．但最直接、最主要的方法之～就是通过考试来促进教学水平的提高．因此,如何组织好考试,并最大限度地发挥它的积极作用,使其结果更加准确可靠,同时具有理想的信度和效度,考试命题则是一个很关键的环节．…     

Fluorescent thin-layer peptide mapping for protein identification and comparison in the subnanomole range

Conditions and simple precautions are presented for carrying out highly reproducible and sensitive peptide mapping by thin-layer chromatography and subsequent electrophoresis of subnanomole amounts of tryptic digest on silica gel G or GHL plates. The fluorogenic reagent “fluorescamine” is employed for visualization under long-wavelength ultraviolet illumination. Permanent photorecording of high-contrast images, using readily available filters, is substituted for subjective hand scoring of plates. Contrast reversal is used to produce peptide maps suitable for half-tone reproduction.     

青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫(原生动物,纤毛门,缘毛目)

涉及近年来采集自青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫14种,包括9个国内新纪录:交替聚缩虫Zoothamnium alternans Claparède & Lachmann,1859,弗氏聚缩虫Z. foissneri Ji et al.,2005,黑凯聚缩虫 Z. hiketes Precht,1935,海洋聚缩虫 Z. marinum Mereschkowski, 1879,霉聚缩虫Z. mocedo Entz,1884,倪氏聚缩虫 Z. nii Ji et al.,2005,拟树状聚缩虫 Z. pararbuscula Ji et al., 2005,王氏聚缩虫Z.wangi Ji et al., 2005,许氏聚缩虫 Z. xuianum Sun et al.,2005;以及其他5个已知种:群栖聚缩虫Z. commune Kahl, 1933,双缘聚缩虫Z. duplicatum Kahl,1933,巨大聚缩虫Z.maximum Song,1986,羽状聚缩虫Z.plumula Kahl,1933,中国聚缩虫Z.sinense Song,1991.对以上各种作了简要的综合性描述,并给出了种检索表.     

Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil

Brazil is one of the leading exporters of ornamental fishes, mostly freshwater; however, monitoring of the trade is nearly non-existent in the country. This paper provides an initial assessment of a new venture, the marine aquarium fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil, aiming to document the species traded, to provide preliminary estimates of numbers of specimens traded, and to identify priorities in data collection and monitoring. A total of 143 species and 199 304 fishes were traded. From the total, 109 species were native and represented 84% of the fishes traded. Thirty-four exotic species figured on the permits and amounted to nearly 16% of the exports; however, most of them consist of misidentified native species. Nearly 90% of the fish trade was directed to the international market. Official figures represent an underestimation of the total number of captured specimens.