贺兰山马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)生境适宜性评价

马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)是我国特有种,在贺兰山分布数量不足百头,对贺兰山马麝进行生境适宜性评价是保护和恢复贺兰山马麝种群的前提和依据。2014—2016年通过样线法对贺兰山马麝的野外分布情况进行调查,确定了750个马麝出现位点,结合13个环境因子变量,利用最大熵(MAXENT)模型,并根据最大约登指数划分贺兰山马麝适宜生境及不适宜生境的分布区,对贺兰山地区马麝的生境适宜性进行评价。研究结果表明：在众多影响贺兰山马麝分布的环境因子中,针叶林、距水源距离、距护林点距离、海拔高度、距矿区距离和距道路距离六种环境因子影响较大;贺兰山地区适宜马麝分布的生境面积极小,仅占贺兰山地区总面积的3.27%,面积为120.24 km²,而不适宜生境面积为3 555.72 km²。利用受试者工作特征性曲线对模型进行检测,结果表明预测水平达到优秀,可以为马麝保护工作提供参考。为保护和恢复马麝种群,建议管理部门加强管理力度,严格控制人为干扰,识别和建立马麝各适宜生境之间的生态廊道,加强对零散分布的潜在适宜生境区域的利用。     

秦巴山区悬钩子植物的种质资源

秦巴山区有野生悬钩子38种12变种,是我国悬钩子属植物比较集中的分布区之一,对秦巴山区悬钩子种质资源的系统调查和综合分析结果表明:1.悬钩子类果实中维生素类（尤其是维生素E）和SOD等生物活性物质的含量异常高,蛋白质、氨基酸、有机酸和矿质元素含量不同程度地高于栽培水果,是一种急待开发利用的野生果树。2.黄果悬钩子、粉枝莓、华中悬钩子、弓茎悬钩子、喜阴悬钩子、插田泡、茅莓、山莓和高粱泡等具有直立生长、植株健壮、少刺或无刺、丰产、抗寒耐旱等经济性状,是悬钩子类果树选种和育种的优良种质材料,其中有些种类还可以直接引种栽培。3.悬钩子植物的美化环境和水土保持作用及药用保健价值也应受到重视。     

四川缙云山常绿阔叶林次生演替及其物种多样性的研究

应用样带相邻格子法,分层测定缙云山常绿阔叶林破坏后的次生演替系列群落的物种多样性。多样性－面积曲线表明凡种丰富度（Ｓ）较大,则个体分布均匀度（Ｊ）较小：个体密度小的层或群落,多样性－最小面积较大。多度（Ａ）或个体数（Ｎ）和丰富度的信息量（Ｈ）－面积曲线波动较大。研究表明,以重要值为植物单位计算相应的信息量可以反映群落信息量的真实特征,均匀度高的群落,多样性变异小,反之则大。演替期间,各层Ｓ稳定增加     

The influence of male mating tactics on habitat use in mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei)

Previous research has shown that both ecological and social factors influence mountain gorilla habitat use. New data on habitat use by a male gorilla and by a group confirm that male mating competition influences short- and long-term habitat use patterns, and show that its influence can supersede that of ecological factors on a long-term basis. When solitary, the male regularly approached and sometimes followed groups. His monthly home range size and equitability of home range use were directly proportional to the number of such interactions per month. His relationships with other groups became more conservative after he gained females, and, contrary to expectations based on metabolic needs, he used a much smaller area. The group considered here gradually expanded its home range and shifted its areas of intensive use throughout a three-year period. It then made a complete home range shift after three dramatic interactions, during which it was temporarily fragmented and two females emigrated. The group shared its home range with many other social units; overlap with most of these decreased after the shift. The degree of overlap and the lack of site fidelity by males and their groups support the argument that transfer is not ecologically costly to mountain gorilla females.     

秦岭植物区系的性质、特点和起源

秦岭是中国长江和黄河两大水系的分水岭,位于北纬32°5′至34°45′;东经104°30′至115°52′,最高峰达3767m。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰实的地区之一,约有种子植物3124种,隶属于158科,892属。包括热带属220属,温带属563属,和中国特有属39属。根据该山区植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和组成种类的温带性质以及温带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位。该山区的植物区系和植被具有明显的温带性特点。特有种和非特有种的分析结果表明,该山区植物区系的特点还表现在高度特有性和以中国-日本森林植物区系为主体方面。 根据古植物学资料分析,秦岭地区植物区系的起源时间不会晚于晚白垩纪;植物群落的主要成份可能以原地生长的种类为主;秦岭及其邻近古老山区,不仅对自身的植物区系和植被具有较大的发生意义,而且对东亚植物区系具有始生性质。     

山西中条山植物区系的特征

中条山植物种类丰富,含种子植物１３２科,４７９属,９３５种。中条山植物区系起源古老。属的地理成分复杂,以温带成分占优势（２９５属,占６９．０９％）,反映出中条山植物区系的温带性质。中条山地处暖温带南部,成为热带、亚热带分布植物与温带分布植物的交汇地和由西南向东北分布的通道,说明中条山植物区系显著的过渡性。     

武夷山萤叶甲亚科三新种：鞘翅目：叶甲科

本文记述了采自福建武夷山地区萤叶甲亚科３新种：黄岗钟萤叶甲ＬｏｃｈｍａｅａｔａｈｕａｎｇｇａｎｇａｎａＹａｎｇｅｔＷａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

The incidence of exotic species following clearfelling of Eucalyptus regnans forest in the Central Highlands,Victoria

Abstract Invasion by exotic species following clearfelling of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. (Mountain Ash) forest was examined in the Toolangi State Forest in the Central Highlands of Victoria. Coupes ranging in age from < 1- to 10-years-old and the spar-stage forests (1939 bushfire regrowth) adjacent to each of these coupes and a mature, 250-year-old forest were surveyed. The dispersal and establishment of weeds was facilitated by clearfelling. An influx of seeds of exotic species was detected in recently felled coupes but not in the adjacent, unlogged forests. Vehicles and frequently disturbed areas, such as roadside verges, are likely sources of the seeds of exotic species. The soil seed bank of younger coupes had a greater number and percentage of seeds of exotics than the 10-year-old coupes and the spar-stage and mature forests. Exotic species were a minor component (< 1% vegetation cover) in the more recently logged coupes and were not present in 10-year-old coupes and the spar-stage and mature forests. These particular exotic species did not persist in the dense regeneration nor exist in the older forests because the weeds were ruderal species (light-demanding, short-lived and short-statured plants). The degree of influence that these particular exotic species have on the regeneration and survival of native species in E. regnans forests is almost negligible. However, the current management practices may need to be addressed to prevent a more threatening exotic species from establishing in these coupes and forests.     

中国横断山区竹亚科箭竹属新分类群

报道了中国西南部横断山区竹亚科箭竹属６个新种,４个新变型,它们是：马歌箭竹（ＦａｒｇｅｓｉａａｕｒｉｔａＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）阔叶箭竹（Ｆ．ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）怒江箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｓｉｓＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨｕｉ）兰坪箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｆ．ｌａｎｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｕｅｈｅｔＨ．Ｒ．Ｚｈａｎｇ）纹鞘箭竹（Ｆ．ｎｕｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｆ．ｓｔｒｉａｔａＨ