A new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico, with comments on species relationships

The new species Ceratozamia vovidesii from a Pleistocene floristic refuge in southern Mexico is described and illustrated. It show an affinity with C. matudae Lundell and C. mirandae Vovides, Pérez-Farrera & Iglesias from Chiapas, but it differs from them in leaf, male and female cones, and trunk morphology.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 153 , 393–400.     

The rise of planning in nature conservation and the practitioners’ approach to conflicts. The inspiring case of the Northern French Alps nature reserves

This article examines how the rise of planning in conservation influences the conservation practitioners’ approach to conflicts in a region where protected areas have limited power. It is based on an analysis of the management plans of ten nature reserves of the Northern French Alps, complemented with interviews with the practitioners involved in elaborating these plans. It shows that the collaborative paradigm, predicated on the idea that deliberation between parties can lead to a shared understanding of the common good, has pervaded conservation planning. Collaborative planning enriches the planners’ view of the practices and values at work in the reserves. But it also encourages them to develop conflict avoiding strategies that contribute to maintaining existing power imbalances, which in such regions are often detrimental to conservation goals. Analysing the power relationships at play locally, encouraging the planners’ reflexivity, and increasing their agency would help realize the transformative potential of contentious situations.     

梵净山保护区同域分布黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的空间分布初探

正物种共存在一定程度上取决于对资源的竞争分化,使其都有足够的资源保障生存和繁殖(Macarthur and Levins,1967; Schoener,1974)。根据竞争排斥原则,生态相似的物种在资源竞争中必然存在生态位的分化(Hardin,1960)。在众多的生态维度中,栖息地分化所形成的空间分布差异是同域野生动物最为常见和重要的生态位分化形式(Schoener,1974)。同时,了解栖息地选择如何影响同域野生动物的空间分布是研究资源分配和竞争模式的必要前提(Rosenzweig,1981)。     

GRASSLAND BIRD USE OF RIPARIAN FILTER STRIPS IN SOUTHEAST IOWA

Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) under its Continuous Enrollment Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has actively promoted establishment of conservation buffers. Although these programs are intended to benefit wildlife in addition to protecting soil and water resources, benefits to grassland birds may be compromised by narrow widths, presence of woody vegetation, and high predation pressure. During 2001 and 2002, we surveyed breeding grassland birds and searched for nests in 33 CRP filter strips that varied in planting mixture (cool-season vs. warm-season grasses) and adjacent edge type (non-wooded vs. wooded). The most abundant species in filter strips were red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), dickcissel (Spiza americana), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). Relative abundances of birds and nests were similar between cool-season and warm-season planting mixtures. Dickcissels and red-winged blackbirds and their nests were relatively less abundant at wooded than non-wooded sites. Our nest success estimates generally were low in all treatments, and nest success varied little with the variables we studied. Predation was the major cause of nest failure; 62% of all nests were depredated. Although the most common birds using filter strips are generalists, filter strips also have potential to provide breeding habitat for some species of management concern.     

5年自然恢复前后单性木兰群落的比较研究

应用固定监测样方法对5年自然恢复前后的单性木兰群落进行了系统全面的调查,分析了单性木兰群落的物种组成、物种多样性和群落结构的变化。结果表明,(1)组成群落的植物科、属、种数量均有所减少,但物种个体数量却明显增加;(2)乔木、灌木层物种多样性变幅较大,草本层则波动不大,群落还处于初期演替阶段,各物种间竞争强烈,一些下层阳性物种正在消失,中性、耐阴性物种在不断补充,群落物种多样性变得更加复杂;(3)濒危植物单性木兰的密度、盖度和重要值明显增加,单性木兰对自然环境有较强的适应性,在群落中的优势地位不断加强,群落正向着以单性木兰为主要建群种的方向发展。     

湖南壶瓶山发现褐冠鹃隼

正2017年5月12日,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区长岭曹家垭(29°58′48.43″N,110°52′42.30″E,海拔661 m)拍摄到一只低空盘旋体型较大的猛禽。该鸟翅形圆,飞羽上具暗灰色和黑色横带,余部红褐色横纹与腹部相连,尾羽具3道宽阔的暗色横斑,经鉴定为褐冠鹃隼(Aviceda jerdoni)(图1)。经查阅相关文献(约翰·马敬能等2000,赵正阶2001,郑光美2011),确定为湖南省鸟类分布新记录种。     

特异性免疫治疗对屋尘螨致敏哮喘小鼠NKT细胞的影响

目的:研究特异性免疫治疗(SIT)对哮喘小鼠自然杀伤T(NKT)细胞的影响。方法:24只BALB/C小鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、哮喘免疫治疗(SIT)组(C组),各8只。通过屋尘螨提取液(HDM)诱导建立哮喘小鼠模型并进行SIT治疗。检测各组小鼠的气道反应性、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAlF)细胞计数及分类、ELISA检测IL-4、IFN-γ以及应用流式细胞仪检测NKT细胞数目,通过RT-PCR方法检测T-bet和GATA-3mRNA表达水平;HE染色观察小鼠肺组织的改变。结果:与B组相比,C组气道反应性明显下降(P0.01);BALF中细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数显著减少(P0.01);血清IL-4分泌显著降低(P0.01),IFN-γ显著升高(P0.01);NKT细胞数及其成熟型比例明显升高(P0.05);T-betmRNA表达水平明显升高(P0.01),且与NKT细胞数及其成熟型比例呈正相关性,GATA-3mRNA表达水平明显降低(P0.05),且与NKT细胞数及其成熟型比例呈负相关性。B组肺部管腔周围炎性细胞聚集,组织上皮损伤,组织水肿,而C组肺部变应性炎症明显减轻。C组其他各项指标接近A组。结论:哮喘的发生可能与NKT细胞失调相关,通过改变NKT细胞数目及其成熟型比例来调节GATA-3/T-bet的表达可能是SIT治疗哮喘的作用机制之一。     

鹞落坪保护区模式地植物及乡土观赏树种研究

首次详细记录了鹞落坪国家级自然保护区模式地植物及其命名过程,并介绍保护区内具有较高观赏价值的乡土木本植物186种,隶属于53科104属,其中观花树木类50种;观形树木类37种;观果树木类18种;观叶树木类15种;树桩盆景与盆花类15种;行道树类21种;垂直绿化类25种;观赏竹类5种。对观赏特性和园林用途进行了初步探讨,以期为城市绿化及相关研究与资源利用提供参考。     

历山自然保护区蔷薇科植物区系分析

蔷薇科是历山自然保护区种子植物的第一大科。该区有蔷薇科植物4亚科,23属,85种（含变种7）。在历山蔷薇科植物的区系组成中,优势属明显,尤以中等属突出,中等属占其蔷薇科植物总属数的43．48％,所含种数占该区蔷薇科植物总种数（包括变种）的75．29％。该区的蔷薇科植物从属、种层次上都表现出典型的温带性质,且以北温带性质为主;在属级、种级水平上,温带分布分别占该区蔷薇科植物总属数和总种数的95．45％、51．76％。该区蔷薇科植物属、种的特有现象不平衡,没有中国特有属,有中国特有种40种。