维持性血液透析患者营养状况及营养不良的影响因素分析

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养状况以及营养不良的影响因素,为临床工作提供指导。方法:选择2010年-2014年在我院进行MHD治疗的120例患者作为研究对象,采用改良定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)并结合相关生化指标测定等手段综合评估透析患者营养状况,分析MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结果:MQSGA评估显示,营养正常组50例(41.67%),轻中度营养不良组61例(50.83%),重度营养不良组9例(7.50%)。不同营养状况组患者间Alb、PA、Cr比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归模型显示,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结论:MHD患者中发生营养不良的比例较大,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是其危险因素,可作为评价生营养不良的可靠指标。     

尿毒症维持性血液透析患者血清CRP与营养状态及感染的相关性

目的:探讨尿毒症维持性血液透析患者的血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)与营养状态及感染的相关关系。方法:按照是否发生感染将2013年2月-2015年8月我院收治的238例尿毒症维持性血液透析患者分为感染组(118例)和非感染组(120例),对两组患者的血清CRP、营养状态相关指标进行比较,并分析CRP水平与营养状态及感染的相关性。结果:感染组的体质量指数(BMI)、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白水平低于非感染组,重组人促红细胞生成素、血清CRP水平高于非感染组,肱三头肌皮褶厚度低于非感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson积矩相关分析,血清CRP与BMI、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白呈负相关关系(r=-0.81、-0.93、-0.85、-0.79、-0.91),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血清CRP与肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)呈负相关关系(r=-0.76,P0.05),与重组人促红细胞生成素呈正相关关系(r=0.89,P0.05)。结论:尿毒症维持性血液透析患者的血清CRP水平可作为评估患者营养状态及感染的重要指标,具有重要的参考价值。     

We can eliminate invasions or live with them. Successful management projects

Pessimism about the prospects of eradicating invasive species or managing them at acceptably low densities is fostered by publicity about failures, but it is often unwarranted. Many species, including insects, plants, and aquatic invaders of various taxa, have been eradicated, and a variety of management techniques have maintained others at low densities for long periods. Many of these projects entailed low-tech, scorched-earth approaches, often using mechanical, physical, or chemical means. Others required sophisticated scientific research. There are at best rough guidelines rather than general rules about what approach to undertake. It is therefore important in each case to consider the full range of possible methods for eradication or long-term control, including the possibility of marshalling a massive amount of physical labor.     

What is hemimethylated DNA?

De novo methylation of a CG dinucleotide pair by murine DNA methyltransferase is stimulated by the presence of a single methylcytosine positioned close to the target site.     

免疫的代价

免疫系统发育的代价主要是为B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞发育抗原识别多样性时的低效率过程提供能量 ,为开始形成白血球提供基质 (如氨基酸和脂肪 ) ,并为胚胎和雏鸟提供白细胞。维持免疫系统的代价与持续产生白细胞、免疫球蛋白以及其它血浆蛋白时的营养分配有关 ,这些血浆蛋白用于取代在正常的细胞代谢中丢失的蛋白质以及细胞间的蛋白质。利用免疫系统阻碍可能的病源体入侵的代价有两种主要形式。第一 ,由于白细胞参与效应子机制时发生的损害、组织整合性以及寄主细胞的存活力的损伤 ,组织功能有一些损失。第二 ,在活化相应类型的细胞并产生其效应子作用时存在着营养耗费。病源体挑战所带来的主要代价是系统的急性期反应(特别是肝脏的复原 )通过产生保护性的蛋白质来帮助免疫系统     

Maintenance behavior of cattle in a young tree plantation in southern Kyushu,Japan

This 4-year study monitored maintenance behavior of beef cattle (Japanese Black) foraging in a young Chamaecyparis obtusa (an evergreen conifer) plantation in southwestern Japan. The animals spent 551 ± 8 min (mean ± SE) per day grazing, 436 ± 4 min ruminating, 313 ± 9 min resting, 44 ± 2 min moving, and 96 ± 4 min on other activities. Grazing activity was high during 0600–1800 h and low during 2200–0600 h. Ruminating activity was high during 2200–0600 h and low during 0600–1800 h. Resting activity was high during 2200–0600 h and low for the remainder of the day. Air temperature was not a dominant factor determining the daily duration of grazing, rumination, or resting. The activity of the animals was usually synchronized, with the degree of synchronization being highest in grazing followed by ruminating and resting. Daily liveweight change of the animals was positively related with daily ruminating time, i.e., animals gained more when they ruminated longer. The maintenance behavior of cattle in the young tree plantation, as compared with that on grasslands, is characterized by (1) high grazing activity around midday, (2) low ruminating activity in the daytime, and (3) midday adjustment of the daily total grazing time. Daily rumination time may be used as an indicator of animal performance on the bases of a herd (not individual animals) and a period of 2–15 weeks (not individual days).     

Direct estimation of the oxygen requirements of Achromobacter xylosoxidans for aerobic degradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in a bioscrubber

The O₂ requirements for biomass production and supplying maintenance energy demands during the degradation of both benzene and ethylbenzene by Achromobacter xylosoxidans Y234 were measured using a newly proposed technique involving a bioscrubber. Using this approach, relevant microbial parameter estimates were directly and simultaneously obtained via linear regression of pseudo steady-state data. For benzene and ethylbenzene, the biomass yield on O₂, , was estimated on a cell dry weight (CDW) basis as 1.96 ±.25 mg CDW mgO₂ and 0.98 ±.17 mg CDW mgO₂, while the specific rate of O₂ consumption for maintenance, , was estimated as 0.041 ±.008 mgO₂ mg CDW^h and 0.053 ±.022 mgO₂ mg CDW^h, respectively.     

益生菌对维持性血液透析慢性肾脏病患者肠道菌群失调的影响

目的探究益生菌对维持性血液透析慢性肾脏病患者肠道菌群失调的影响,为此类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2017年4月到2019年4月我院收治的78例维持性血液透析慢性肾病患者,按照随机数字法分为观察组和对照组各39例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者给予常规治疗联合益生菌。检测两组患者肠道菌群变化,同时检测血清炎性因子(IL6、TNFα、CRP)、肠道屏障功能(D乳酸、内毒素)及肾功能指标[肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)]水平。结果治疗后两组患者Scr、BUN水平均下降(均P<0.05),观察组与对照组比较有减少趋势,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量均增加,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数量均下降,且观察组患者改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.226、9.634、6.157、2.739,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.008)。治疗后两组患者D乳酸、内毒素水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.856、3.125,P=0.007、0.003)。治疗后两组患者血清IL6、TNFα、CRP水平均下降,且观察组下降幅度更大,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.124、4.025、8.024,P=0.007、<0.001、<0.001)。结论益生菌对维持性血液透析慢性肾脏病患者肠道菌群失衡、肠道屏障功能和微炎症状态均具有改善作用,可为该类患者临床治疗提供一定参考。     

黄葵胶囊联合组合型人工肾对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者炎性因子、氧化应激及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨黄葵胶囊联合组合型人工肾对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者炎性因子、氧化应激及生活质量的影响。方法：选取2018年10月~2019年9月我院收治的120例终末期糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者,将其按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。两组患者均给予基础治疗,对照组采取组合型人工肾治疗。观察组在对照组基础上给予黄葵胶囊治疗。比较两组治疗3个月后的肾功能指标、炎性因子水平、氧化应激指标水平及生活质量,并统计不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗3个月后,两组血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、晚期氧化蛋白产物（AOPP）、丙二醛（MDA）水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平及SF-36各维度评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：黄葵胶囊联合组合型人工肾治疗终末期糖尿病肾病可有效减轻患者氧化应激及炎症反应,改善患者肾功能及生活质量,安全性高,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Multi-step Loading of Human Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins in Live Human Cells

Once-per-cell cycle replication is regulated through the assembly onto chromatin of multisubunit protein complexes that license DNA for a further round of replication. Licensing consists of the loading of the hexameric MCM2–7 complex onto chromatin during G₁ phase and is dependent on the licensing factor Cdt1. In vitro experiments have suggested a two-step binding mode for minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins, with transient initial interactions converted to stable chromatin loading. Here, we assess MCM loading in live human cells using an in vivo licensing assay on the basis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP-tagged MCM protein subunits through the cell cycle. We show that, in telophase, MCM2 and MCM4 maintain transient interactions with chromatin, exhibiting kinetics similar to Cdt1. These are converted to stable interactions from early G₁ phase. The immobile fraction of MCM2 and MCM4 increases during G₁ phase, suggestive of reiterative licensing. In late G₁ phase, a large fraction of MCM proteins are loaded onto chromatin, with maximal licensing observed just prior to S phase onset. Fluorescence loss in photobleaching experiments show subnuclear concentrations of MCM-chromatin interactions that differ as G₁ phase progresses and do not colocalize with sites of DNA synthesis in S phase.