槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案对急性淋巴细胞白血病维持期患儿的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）维持期患儿的临床疗效。方法：选择2017年5月~2019年3月期间我院收治的62例ALL维持期患儿,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组（CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,n=31）和研究组（槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,n=31）。观察两组临床症状情况、血清炎症因子和免疫球蛋白水平、T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,同时记录两组不良反应发生率。结果：研究组平均白细胞水平高于对照组,感染发作次数少于对照组,抗生素使用时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组,CD8⁺低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）高于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组、研究组患儿治疗后免疫球蛋白M（IgM）组内对比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组治疗后C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率对比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：槐杞黄颗粒联合CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗ALL维持期患儿,可减轻患儿炎症反应,提高其免疫功能,减少感染发作次数,缩短抗生素使用时间,安全有效。     

丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响

目的:探讨丹参多酚酸盐对维持性血液透析患者残余肾功能与钙磷代谢的影响。方法:2014年1月-2019年5月选择在本院肾内科就诊的终末期肾病患者72例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各36例。所有患者都给予维持性血液透析治疗,在此基础上观察组给予丹参多酚酸盐治疗,持续3个月,记录残余肾功能与钙磷代谢变化情况。结果:治疗后观察组的总有效率为97.2%,高于对照组的83.3%(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的24 h尿量、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、血清转化生长因子β1(Transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1)和白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后的血钙值高于治疗前,观察组也高于对照组;两组治疗后的血磷值低于治疗前,观察组也低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酸盐在维持性血液透析患者中的应用有利于残余肾功能的恢复,调节钙磷代谢平衡,抑制炎症因子的表达,从而提高治疗效果。     

肠道微生物对肠道屏障功能完整性的维护机制研究概况

肠道微生物群是一个稳定且复杂的生态系统,可以通过形成菌膜屏障或促进肠道上皮细胞增殖分化等方式形成保护屏障,并在肠道病原菌感染和威胁期间维持和促进免疫稳态中起积极作用。本文重点叙述宿主-肠道微生物相互作用过程中抗病原菌感染的方式,以及肠道微生物参与合成抗菌化合物抵御肠道病原菌入侵和威胁的机制,为调控肠道微生物解决临床胃肠道疾病及其相关症状提供理论参考依据。     

Spatial modulation of key pathway enzymes by DNA-guided scaffold system and respiration chain engineering for improved N-acetylglucosamine production by Bacillus subtilis

Previously we constructed a Bacillus subtilis strain for efficient production of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by engineering of GlcNAc synthetic and catabolic pathways. However, the further improvement of GlcNAc titer is limited by the intrinsic inefficiency of GlcNAc synthetic pathway and undesirable cellular properties including sporulation and high maintenance metabolism. In this work, we further improved GlcNAc titer through spatial modulation of key pathway enzymes and by blocking sporulation and decreasing maintenance metabolism. Specifically, a DNA-guided scaffold system was firstly used to modulate the activities of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and GlcNAc-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase, increasing the GlcNAc titer from 1.83 g/L to 4.55 g/L in a shake flask. Next, sporulation was blocked by respectively deleting spo0A (gene encoding the initiation regulon of sporulation) and sigE (gene encoding RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor). Deletion of sigE more effectively blocked sporulation without altering cell growth or GlcNAc production. The respiration chain was then engineered to decrease the maintenance metabolism of recombinant B. subtilis by deleting cydB and cydC, genes encoding cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase (subunit II) and ATP-binding protein for the expression of cytochrome bd, respectively. The respiration-engineered B. subtilis produced 6.15 g/L GlcNAc in a shake flask and 20.58 g/L GlcNAc in a 3-L fed-batch bioreactor. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the modulation of pathway enzymes via a DNA-guided scaffold system in B. subtilis. The combination of spatial modulation of key pathway enzymes and optimization of cellular properties may be used to develop B. subtilis as a well-organized cell factory for the production of the other industrially useful chemicals.     

Cultivation of nitrifying bacteria in the retentostat, a simple fermenter with internal biomass retention

Abstract: The retentostat was developed for long-term continuous, axenic cultivation of microorganisms at those low growth rates which prevail in most natural habitats and which cannot be established properly in chemostats. How a microbial population approaches 'zero-growth' was studied in axenic cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea with complete biomass retention at 25°C and constant input of a nutrient solution containing ammonium (0.57 mM) as energy source. Since only cell-free filtrate left the reactor, biomass accumulated until a stable maximum of 2.7 × 10⁹ cells ml⁻¹ (398 mg l⁻¹ dry matter) was reached after about 5 weeks. In this state, growth rate approached zero, and the ammonium input just met the substrate demand required for maintenance energy (1.43 μmol NH₃–N mg dm⁻¹ h⁻¹). The potential of the retentostat for studying interactions between different microorganisms was demonstrated with a cascade of cultures of Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter , and a denitrifying Pseudomonas . Thereby the ammonia was completely eliminated from artificial wastewater.     

Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Awassi lambs

Twenty four Awassi lambs (mean BW 24.4 kg) were used in a two periods experiment to measure maintenance (zero growth) and growth requirements of metabolizable energy (ME). During the pre-treatment period (period 1, 3 weeks) all lambs were maintained at a constant level of feed intake (2% BW). During the treatment period (period 2, 10 weeks) the lambs were divided into four equal groups and fed different amounts (2, 3, 4 and 5% of BW). Six additional lambs of similar BW and age were killed at the beginning of the experiment to compare final empty body weight (FEBW) with initial body weight (IBW). Twelve lambs, divided into four equal groups were fed the experimental diet in the same amounts as in the growth experiment (period 2) to determine the digestibility of energy.

Energy requirement for maintenance (EM) was measured by both constant weight technique, using data collected during period 1, and regression technique by regressing ME intake on body weight gain (BWG) and empty body weight gain (EBWG). EM measured during the constant weight period (pre-treatment) and overall experimental period (pre-treatment plus treatment periods) were 0.482 and 0.466 MJ of ME per kg M^0.75 per day. Predicted energy requirements for growth (Eg) calculated from equations derived during the treatment period were 0.433, 0.623, 0.782, 0.910 and 1.007 (MJ per kg M^0.75 per day) for the growth rates 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 (g per day) respectively. It is concluded to be more appropriate to use the values derived during the overall experimental period for maintenance and the overall treatment period for growth as they are most applicable to production situations.     

Changes in the growth and enzyme level of Zymomonas mobilis under oxygen-limited conditions at low glucose concentration

Zymomonas mobilis growing aerobically with 20 g glucose^–1 (carbon-limited) in a chemostat exhibited an increase in both the molar growth yield (Y_x/s) and the maximum molar growth yield (Y_x/s ^max) and a decrease in both the specific substrate consumption rate (q_s) and the maintenance energy consumption rate (m_e). Stepwise increase in the input oxygen partial pressure showed that anaerobic-to-aerobic transitional adaptation occurred in four stages: anaerobic (0 mm HgO₂), oxygen-limited (7.6– 230 mm HgO₂), intermediate (273 mm HgO₂), and oxygen excess (290 mm HgO₂). The steady-state biomass concentration, Y_x/s, and intracellular ATP content increased between oxygen partial pressures of 7.6 and 120 mm HgO₂, accompanied by a decrease in the q_s and the specific acid production rate. The membrane ATPase activity decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure and reached its lowest levels at 273 mm HgO₂, which was the highest input oxygen partial pressure where steady-state conditions were possible. Glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase activities also decreased when the oxygen partial pressure was increased above 15 mm Hg, whereas pyruvate decarboxylase was unaffected by aeration. Growth inhibition at 290 mm HgO₂ was characterised by a drastic reduction in the pyruvate kinase activity and a collapse in the intracellular ATP pool. The growth and enzyme data suggest that at low glucose concentrations and oxygen-limited conditions, the increase in biomass yields is a reflection of a redirection of ATP usage rather than a net increase in energy production. Received: 14 August 1996 / Accepted: 31 January 1997     

Ecosystem remediation in radioactively polluted areas: the Chernobyl experience

The ecosystems of Chernobyl nuclear accident zone, having been deeply transformed by normal long-term agricultural and forestry activity, have been damaged by irradiation after the nuclear accident of 1986 and then influenced by post-accident countermeasures. Ecosystem remediation is being undertaken in this area, including maintenance of the forests, artificial afforestation, and processes of spontaneous self-restoration of the natural coenoses. Both natural and artificial remediation of the landscapes and ecosystems at the abandoned territory improves their capacity to retain radionuclides and their ability to stabilise the processes of redistribution of radionuclides and their spread in the environment. The Chernobyl zone is a territory of great importance for studying ecosystem remediation processes and elaborating on ecological engineering technologies to correct serious environmental problems arising from radionuclides release.     

血液透析血压及其变异性与患者预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨血液透析前后和血液透析过程中血压及其变异性与患者预后的相关性。方法:选取沈阳军区总医院血液透析中心2010年1月1日至2013年12月31日收治的维持性血液透析患者,收集并对比随访期内生存及死亡患者的自然信息及临床资料,评估血液透析过程中患者血压及其变异程度与患者预后的关系。结果:共有269例患者纳入研究,经过4年随访共死亡83(30.86%)例。死亡组年龄显著大于存活组(64.92±13.24岁比49.89±12.86岁,P=0.000),而透析年限显著短于存活组(2.60±2.56年比7.25±4.14年,P=0.000)。死亡组透析前SBP(P=0.001)、DBP(P=0.000)、MAP(P=0.000)均显著高于存活组。两组间透析后SBP、DBP、MAP比较均无显著差异。死亡组△SBP(P=0.026)、△DBP(P=0.001)、△MAP(P=0.001)幅度显著大于存活组。死亡组透析前SBP变异率显著高于存活组(P=0.001);死亡组透析后SBP变异率(P=0.000)、DBP变异率(P=0.014)、MAP变异率(P=0.005)均高于存活组。死亡组每次透析前各时间点间SBP变异率(0.12±0.04 mm Hg比0.09±0.03 mm Hg,P=0.000)与MAP变异率(0.10±0.03mm Hg比0.09±0.03 mm Hg,P=0.001)显著高于非死亡组。结论:维持性血液透析患者透析前血压、透析前后血压改变幅度、透析前后血压变异率、每次透析各时间点间血压变异率等与全因死亡相关。     

终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素分析

目的:探究并分析终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素。方法:选取2010年1月-2014年1月在我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的82例终末期肾脏病患者,根据改良的定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)评分将患者分为营养不良组(10分)以及营养正常组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、透析时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、尿素清除指数(Kt/v)指标差异,分析血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素。结果:营养正常组患者年龄、透析时间、BUN、hs-CRP及Kt/v1.2的比例均显著低于营养不良组,Hb、BMI、Alb以及Kt/v≥1.2的比例均显著高于营养不良组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄70岁、透析时间25个月、Kt/v1.2均是导致血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论:终末期肾脏病患者的年龄、透析充分性以及透析时间长短均是导致维持性血液透析并发营养不良的独立危险因素。