饮食干预联合左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析营养不良的疗效观察

目的:研究饮食干预联合左卡尼汀治疗维持性血液透析营养不良的疗效。方法:选取我院2012年1月到2014年1月收治的90例维持性血液透析营养不良患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组45例,对照组进行常规的血液透析治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上行饮食干预联合左卡尼汀的治疗,观察并对比两组患者治疗前后的疗效。结果:观察组患者治疗后体重指数(BMI)和体重增幅显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);观察组患者治疗后总蛋白(TP)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)显著高于对照组,血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);观察组患者治疗后SGA评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:饮食干预联合左卡尼汀利于改善维持性血液透析营养不良患者的营养不良的症状,效果显著,值得临床推广。     

数字减影血管造影设备的维护与维修

数字减影血管造影设备是大型医学影像仪器,在临床诊断及治疗发挥着重要的作用。因此,及时的维护和规范的保养是降低设备故障,减少维修成本,提高工作效率的关键。本文对我院数字减影血管造影设备的保养工作展开回顾,分析临床工作中常见的设备故障,并总结实用的维护、保养方法,为有效利用设备资源提供参考。     

常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构 及功能影响的对比研究

目的：采用超声联合心电图比较常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构及功能影响。方法：选取2014 年2 月至2014 年11 月我院收治的尿毒症患者110 例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组予常规血液透析,实验组 予维持性血液透析,采用碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500-600 mL/min,每周透析2-3 次,每次透析4h。治疗后,通过超声心动图 测定室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张末内径、射血分数,采用心电图Q-T离散度分析Q-T离散度。结果：①治疗后,与对照 组相比较,实验组患者EF、FS 均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LVDd、LVDs、LVMI、LVH 值均明显升高,差异具有统 计学意义(P＜0.05)。②治疗后,维持性血液透析患者的心电图Q-T 离散度与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：维 持性血液透析较常规血液透析能够更有效地改善尿毒症患者的心脏结构及功能。     

1g/h与2g/h硫酸镁维持剂量输注期间的血清镁水平预防子痫效果

摘要 目的：探究硫酸镁不同维持剂量在预防子痫中的临床效果分析。方法：选择2018年1月至2020年1月于我院接受治疗的100例子痫前期产妇,按照随机数字表法区分为研究组与对照组（每组各50例产妇）,对照组产妇接受1 g/h硫酸镁维持剂量输注,研究组产妇接受2 g/h硫酸镁维持剂量输注,对比两组产妇干预前后血压、24 h尿蛋白、血浆纤维蛋白原、尿钙黏蛋白变化,统计两组产妇临床疗效差异以及不良反应发生情况。结果：（1）研究组治疗总有效率为98.00 %,高于对照组的86.00 %（P<0.05）;（2）干预前两组产妇收缩压和舒张压组间无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后研究组收缩压和舒张压均低于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）干预前两组产妇24 h尿蛋白、血浆纤维蛋白原水平组间无差异（P>0.05）,治疗后研究组上述指标均低于对照组（P<0.05）,但两组干预前后血清镁水平无差异（P>0.05）;（4）研究组不良反应总发生率14.00 %,显著高于对照组的2.00 %（P<0.05）。结论：对子痫产妇持续输注2 g/h硫酸镁可以有效改善其临床症状,降低产妇血压水平,控制其疾病进展效果较好,但不良反应发生情况显著高于持续输注1 g/h硫酸镁的产妇。     

Characterization of the Yeast Telomere Nucleoprotein Core: Rap1 BINDS INDEPENDENTLY TO EACH RECOGNITION SITE

At the core of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres is an array of tandem telomeric DNA repeats bound site-specifically by multiple Rap1 molecules. There, Rap1 orchestrates the binding of additional telomere-associated proteins and negatively regulates both telomere fusion and length homeostasis. Using electron microscopy, viscosity, and light scattering measurements, we show that purified Rap1 is a monomer in solution that adopts a ringlike or C shape with a central cavity. Rap1 could orchestrate telomere function by binding multiple telomere array sites through either cooperative or independent mechanisms. To determine the mechanism, we analyze the distribution of Rap1 monomers on defined telomeric DNA arrays. This analysis clearly indicates that Rap1 binds independently to each nonoverlapping site in an array, regardless of the spacing between sites, the total number of sites, the affinity of the sites for Rap1, and over a large concentration range. Previous experiments have not clearly separated the effects of affinity from repeat spacing on telomere function. We clarify these results by testing in vivo the function of defined telomere arrays containing the same Rap1 binding site separated by spacings that were previously defined as low or high activity. We find that Rap1 binding affinity in vitro correlates with the ability of telomeric repeat arrays to regulate telomere length in vivo. We suggest that Rap1 binding to multiple sites in a telomere array does not, by itself, promote formation of a more energetically stabile complex.     

A new role for the Endothelin-1/Endothelin-A receptor signaling during early neural crest specification

The neural crest is induced at the border of the neural plate in a multistep process by signals emanated from the epidermis, neural plate and mesoderm. In this work we show for the first time the existence of a neural crest maintenance step which is dependent on signals released from the mesoderm. We identified Endothelin-1 (Edn1) and its receptor (Ednra) as key players of this signal and we show that Edn1/Ednra signaling is required for maintenance of the neural crest by a dual mechanism of cell specification and cell survival. We show that: (i) Ednra is expressed in prospective neural crest; (ii) loss-of-function experiments with antisense morpholino or with specific chemical inhibitor suppress the expression of early neural crest markers; (iii) gain-of-function experiments expand the neural crest territory; (iv) epistatic experiments show that Ednra/Edn1 is downstream of the early neural crest gene Msx1 and upstream of the late genes Sox9 and Sox10; and (v) Edn1/Ednra signaling inhibits apoptosis and controls cell specification of the neural crest. Together, our results provide insight on a new role of Edn1/Ednra cell signaling pathway during early neural crest development.     

Over-expression of GFP-FEZ1 causes generation of multi-lobulated nuclei mediated by microtubules in HEK293 cells

FEZ1 (Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1) is an ortholog of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein UNC-76, involved in neuronal development and axon outgrowth, in that worm. Mammalian FEZ1 has already been reported to cooperate with PKC-zeta in the differentiation and polarization of PC12 neuronal cells. Furthermore, FEZ1 is associated with kinesin 1 and JIP1 to form a cargo-complex responsible for microtubule based transport of mitochondria along axons. FEZ1 can also be classified as a hub protein, since it was reported to interact with over 40 different proteins in yeast two-hybrid screens, including at least nine nuclear proteins. Here, we transiently over-expressed GFP-FEZ1full in human HEK293 and HeLa cells in order to study the sub-cellular localization of GFP-FEZ1. We observed that over 40% of transiently transfected cells at 3 days post-transfection develop multi-lobulated nuclei, which are also called flower-like nuclei. We further demonstrated that GFP-FEZ1 localizes either to the cytoplasm or the nuclear fraction, and that the appearance of the flower-like nuclei depends on intact microtubule function. Finally, we show that FEZ1 co-localizes with both, α- and especially with γ-tubulin, which localizes as a centrosome like structure at the center of the multiple lobules. In summary, our data suggest that FEZ1 has an important centrosomal function and supply new mechanistic insights to the formation of flower-like nuclei, which are a phenotypical hallmark of human leukemia cells.     

Report on non-temperature related variations in CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> efflux rates from young tree stems in the dormant season

Respiration rates are reported to increase exponentially with temperature. Respiration rates of woody tissues are commonly measured as CO₂ efflux rates () from that tissue. However, this paper describes clear variations in stem that were not related to temperature for the case of a young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) tree during the dormant season. The CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) in the xylem of the beech tree showed similar temperature-independent variations. The trees were grown in a growth chamber in which radiation patterns and temperature were kept constant. was measured with an IRGA connected to cuvettes surrounding a stem segment. Xylem [CO₂] was measured in situ using a CO₂ microelectrode. Depressions in and [CO₂] occurred during the light period, despite equal temperatures in the light and dark period. Explanations found in literature for discrepancies in the exponential relationship between temperature and are the influence of (1) sap flow or (2) decreased cell water content. However, (1) the variations were observed in the dormant season, when no sap flow was observed yet, and (2) reduced cell water content was not likely to be apparent as differences in stem transpiration rates between the dark and light period were not significant. Hence, previously formulated theories failed to explain our results. This work therefore provides a new ground for discussion on other possible causes of daytime depressions in . One might be the refixation of respired CO₂ by corticular photosynthesis in the stem parts adjacent to the stem segment enclosed by the cuvette.     

Drug Abuse in China: Past,Present and Future

Following British importation of opium to China in 1760s, the use and production of the drug in China increased dramatically. This situation was aggravated after the failure of Opium Wars that occurred between the United Kingdom and the Qing Empire in China with the aim of forcing China to import British Opium; this war made China open the door to a free flowing opium trade, with disastrous social and public health consequences. The subsequent rise of the new China created drug-free atmosphere by strict legislation and punishment, in which drug use greatly decreased. However, in the context of governmental reform and the open-door policies of the 1980s, drug abuse has re-emerged as a major public health problem. Today, drug abuse is highly linked to the spread of HIV/AIDS and to drug-related crimes in China. To combat the severe drug problem facing the nation, the Chinese government has adopted the Methadone Maintenance Treatment program, a multi-faceted therapeutic approach that aims to reduce the health and social problem induced by drug epidemics. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal therapy and acupuncture, both found to be effective in the prevention of relapse and causes few side effects, making them useful for the treatment of opiate addiction. With continuous application of these therapies and managements that have been proved to be effective in harm reduction in the western countries, we believe that drug abuse and its related problems in China will be brought under control.     

Size-number trade-off and optimal offspring size for offspring produced sequentially using a fixed amount of reserves

We analysed the nature of size-number trade-off of offspring when multiple cohorts of such offspring are produced sequentially using a fixed amount of reserves. In the model, we incorporated sink-limitation in the resource absorption rate of offspring from the mother tissue and the loss of resources by maintenance respiration. We found that the later the initiation of a cohort, the greater the cost of producing a cohort with the same size and number of offspring. This is due to the loss of resources by maintenance respiration during the period from the beginning of reproduction to the initiation of the cohort. Also, the extra cost increases with an increase in the specific maintenance respiration rate. Thus, resources lost to respiration over time reduces the fitness value of producing late cohorts. Hence, it is advantageous to produce all offspring simultaneously unless there are fitness advantages of producing offspring sequential which overcome this cost or constraints preventing simultaneous production. Sequentially offspring production evolves if there is a constraint on the number of offspring of each cohort. With this constraint, the optimal offspring size decreases with the production sequence of cohorts.