偏翅唐松草化学成分的研究

从偏翅唐松草(Thalictrum delavayi Franch.)的乙醇提取物的氯仿部分分离到9个化合物(1-9).其中化合物1和2为新化合物,分别为5-hydro-N-methylcorydalidine (1)和1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-N-methyl-6-hydroxyl-5,7-dimethoxy-isoquinoline (2).化合物7为首次从唐松草属中分离到.它们的结构经波谱方法(包括HMQC和HMBC)得到鉴定.     

Floral Ontogeny of Two Species in Magnolia L.

Floral ontogeny is described in two species of genus Magnolia （Magnollaceae）, Magnolia alboserlcea Chun et C. Tsoong, and M. amoena Cheng, representing subgenus Magnolia and subgenus Yulani In Magnolia, by using scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The sequence of Initiation of floral organs Is from proximal to distal. The three distinct outermost and middle organs are Initiated in sequence, but ultimately form a single whorl, thus their ontogeny Is consistent with a sepal Interpretation. The last three tepals （petals） alternate with the preceding tepal whorl. The members of androeclum and gynoeclum arise spirally, although the androecium shows some Intermedlacy between a spiral and whorled arrangement. The carpel prlmordia initiate in group of four to five. The order of stamen Initiation within each tier Is not determined. The floral ontogeny Is remarkably homogeneous between the subgenus Magnolia and subgenus Yulani that does not support the resuming of genus Yulani.     

景宁木兰花粉萌发与贮藏特性研究

以景宁木兰的花粉为试材,采用花粉离体培养法,用单因子与正交试验研究不同浓度蔗糖、H3BO3、CaCl2所组成的基本培养基对景宁木兰花粉萌发的影响,同时探讨不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉活力的影响。结果表明:景宁木兰在30 g·L-1蔗糖+200 mg·L-1H3BO3+200 mg·L-1CaCl2的液体培养基上萌发率最高(74.56%)。低温条件下有利于景宁木兰花粉生活力的保持,在-80℃条件下,花粉生活力下降较慢,并且随着贮藏时间的增加,经过硅胶干燥的花粉的活力明显高于湿润花粉的活力。     

紫玉兰树干液流对北京市综合环境变量的响应

2008年4-10月,为明确典型城市绿化树种紫玉兰耗水特征的影响因素,研究了紫玉兰树干液流对北京市空气温湿度、辐射、风速、土壤温度和含水量、降雨等环境因子的响应.结果表明:影响紫玉兰树干液流的8个环境因子可分为蒸发需求因子(EDI)、土壤因子和降水因子3类,其中,EDI(大气温度、空气相对湿度、总辐射、风速和水汽压亏缺)是影响紫玉兰树干液流的关键因子,可以解释紫玉兰树干液流变化的60%,且紫玉兰树干液流对EDI的响应方式呈S型曲线,液流达到最大值后,即使光照和蒸发需求增加,液流也不再增加;土壤因子(土壤温度和土壤含水量)和降水因子(降水量)对紫玉兰树干液流的影响很小.     

木兰科四种植物种子油的提取及脂肪酸成分分析

采用超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法同时提取白玉兰、凹叶厚朴、深山含笑和醉香含笑四种木兰科植物的种子油,种子油甲酯化后,运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术测定其脂肪酸成分。结果表明:四种植物种子油的提取率不同,白玉兰平均为27.35%、凹叶厚朴23.34%、深山含笑31.66%,醉香含笑9.27%。不同提取方法所得到的种子油脂肪酸成分和相对含量不同,但四种种子油的主要脂肪酸成分相同,包括油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸。     

Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming

With more than 300 species, the Magnoliaceae family represents a major Magnoliid lineage that is disjunctly distributed in Asia and the New World. The classification of Magnolia s.l. has been highly controversial among taxonomists, varying from one genus with several subgenera, sections, and subsections to several (up to 16) genera. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Magnoliaceae on the basis of sequences of the complete chloroplast genomes with a broad taxon sampling of 86 species. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support 15 major clades within Magnolia s.l. due to the non‐monophyly of subgen. Magnolia, the previous subgeneric treatment that recognizes three subgenera, is not supported. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological, and geographic evidence, we recognize two subfamilies in Magnoliaceae: Liriodendroideae and Magnolioideae, each with one genus, Liriodendron and Magnolia, respectively. Magnolia is herein classified into 15 sections: sects. Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Gwillimia, Gynopodium, Kmeria, Maingola, Oyama, Rytidospermum, Splendentes, Talauma, Tuliparia, Macrophylla, Tulipastrum, and Yulania.     

厚朴叶和皮不同提取部位的药理作用比较研究

通过小鼠最大耐受量测定法进行厚朴叶的急性毒性研究,采用小鼠浓氨水引咳法、炭末推进法对厚朴叶和皮不同溶剂部位提取物的镇咳和胃肠推进作用进行了比较研究。结果显示厚朴叶小鼠最大耐受量为112g/kg,为厚朴成人每日用量的747倍,且7日内均未出现中毒和死亡现象。厚朴叶石油醚提取部位低剂量组、厚朴皮乙醚提取部位低剂量组和石油醚提取部位能明显延长氨水致小鼠咳嗽潜伏期或减少咳嗽的频率。同时,厚朴叶乙醚提取部位低剂量组能明显提高炭末在小肠中的推进率,厚朴皮乙醚提取部位低剂量组能显著减少炭末在胃中的残留率。以上结果表明:在实验剂量范围内,厚朴叶几无毒性;其低剂量的石油醚和乙醚提取部位有较强的镇咳和胃肠推进效果。提示其药用价值有深入研究的必要。     

紫玉兰‘红元宝'Ml3GT1基因的克隆及表达分析

UDP-类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(3GT)是花青素生物合成途径的重要催化酶之一。为研究其在紫玉兰花青素苷合成途径中的作用,该文以紫玉兰品种‘红元宝''(Magnolia liliflora ‘Hongyuanbao'')为材料,根据转录组测序获得的3GT序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆花青素苷生物合成途径中的结构基因Ml3GT1,并对其进行生物信息学和表达模式分析。结果表明:(1)Ml3GT1基因的cDNA序列长度为1 863 bp,其中最长开放阅读框(ORF)为1 374 bp,编码一条457 aa的肽链,相对分子质量为49.37 kDa,理论等电点(pI)为6.04。(2)氨基酸序列比对显示其具备典型的植物次生产物糖基转移酶信号序列(PSPG box)。(3)系统发育分析结果表明,Ml3GT1蛋白与小苍兰、矮牵牛、番薯等物种的3GT蛋白聚在一支。(4)qRT-PCR结果显示Ml3GT1基因的表达具有时空特异性,在花中的表达量最高,在嫩叶和老叶中有少量表达,而在根和茎中几乎不表达; 随着花的发育,Ml3GT1基因的表达量呈现先降低后升高的趋势,并在盛花期达到最高。上述结果表明,Ml3GT1可能参与类黄酮3-O的糖基化修饰,本研究结果将为木兰属植物花色育种研究奠定基础。