慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与肺功能、炎性因子及生活质量的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者血清血管黏附蛋白-1（VAP-1）、巨噬细胞刺激蛋白（MSP）、基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF-1）水平与肺功能、炎性因子及生活质量的关系。方法：选取我院2018年9月～2020年9月收治的COPD稳定期患者116例作为COPD组,选取同期于我院体检的健康志愿者100例作为对照组。比较两组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平以及肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC、最大呼气流速（PEF）]、炎症因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-17（IL-17）、白介素-22（IL-22）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]水平。根据COPD稳定期患者的严重程度,分成轻度组（n=53）、中度组（n=34）、重度组（n=29）,比较三组上述各指标水平。采用COPD评估测试表（CAT）评估三组生活质量并进行比较,经Pearson线性相关分析血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与肺功能、炎性因子及CAT评分的相关性。结果：COPD组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1、IL-6、IL-17、IL-22及TNF-α水平均高于对照组,而FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC以及PEF低于对照组（P＜0.05）。轻度组血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1、IL-6、IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α水平及CAT评分较中度、重度组明显降低,且中度组低于重度组,而轻度组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF较中度、重度组增高,且中度组高于重度组（P＜0.05）。Pearson线性相关分析提示,血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平与FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF呈负相关,三者与血清IL-6、IL-17、IL-22、TNF-α水平及CAT评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：COPD稳定期患者的血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平明显上调,且三者与患者的肺功能、炎症因子及生活质量密切相关,临床有望通过测定血清VAP-1、MSP、SDF-1水平,评估COPD稳定期患者病情进展情况。     

Neuropeptide Y protects kidney from acute kidney injury by inactivating M1 macrophages via the Y1R-NF-κB-Mincle-dependent mechanism

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is produced by the nerve system and may contribute to the progression of CKD. The present study found the new protective role for NPY in AKI in both patients and animal models. Interestingly, NPY was constitutively expressed in blood and resident kidney macrophages by co-expressing NPY and CD68+ markers, which was lost in patients and mice with AKI-induced by cisplatin. Unexpectedly, NPY was renoprotective in AKI as mice lacking NPY developed worse renal necroinflammation and renal dysfunction in cisplatin and ischemic-induced AKI. Importantly, NPY was also a therapeutic agent for AKI because treatment with exogenous NPY dose-dependently inhibited cisplatin-induced AKI. Mechanistically, NPY protected kidney from AKI by inactivating M1 macrophages via the Y1R-NF-κB-Mincle-dependent mechanism as deleting or silencing NPY decreased Y1R but increased NF-κB-Mincle-mediated M1macrophage activation and renal necroinflammation, which were reversed by addition of NPY or by silencing Mincle but promoted by blocking Y1R with BIBP 3226. Thus, NPY is renoprotective and may be a novel therapeutic agent for AKI. NPY may act via Y1R to protect kidney from AKI by blocking NF-κB-Mincle-mediated M1 macrophage activation and renal necroinflammation.     

Control of Redox Balance by the Stringent Response Regulatory Protein Promotes Antioxidant Defenses of Salmonella

We report herein a critical role for the stringent response regulatory DnaK suppressor protein (DksA) in the coordination of antioxidant defenses. DksA helps fine-tune the expression of glutathione biosynthetic genes and discrete steps in the pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle that are associated with the generation of reducing power. Control of NAD(P)H/NAD(P)⁺ redox balance by DksA fuels downstream antioxidant enzymatic systems in nutritionally starving Salmonella. Conditional expression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene zwf, shown here to be under DksA control, increases both the NADPH pool and antioxidant defenses of dksA mutant Salmonella. The DksA-mediated coordination of redox balance boosts the antioxidant defenses of stationary phase bacteria. Not only does DksA increase resistance of Salmonella against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but it also promotes fitness of this intracellular pathogen when exposed to oxyradicals produced by the NADPH phagocyte oxidase in an acute model of infection. Given the role of DksA in the adjustment of gene expression in most bacteria undergoing nutritional deprivation, our findings raise the possibility that the control of central metabolic pathways by this regulatory protein maintains redox homeostasis essential for antioxidant defenses in phylogenetically diverse bacterial species.     

δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase from Raphanus sativus cotyledons

Phytochrome induces δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) activity in radish seedling cotyledons under continuous far red light. Analysis of the enzymatic activity in etioplasts vs total activity shows a constant ALAD level in these organelles (10 %) in etiolated seedlings. In far red irradiated seedlings, the percentage of enzyme detected into etioplasts increases up to 45 % of the total. Comparative kinetic studies of ALAD activity detected in the cytoplasm and the etioplasts indicate an increase in both compartments with a maximum value reached respectively at 96 and 120 hr from sowing. Treatment with cycloheximide shows a very fast abolition of cytoplasmic ALAD activity which is always correlated to an etioplast decrease with a time shift of ca 24 hr. Erythromycin acts only on the cytoplasmic level of ALAD, and only for far red irradiated seedlings, with an increase of activity twice the level detected in untreated ones. This unexpected effect is discussed.     

OCCURRENCE OF PHYIWATED CHLOROPHYLL c IN ISOCHRYSIS GALBANA AND ISOCHRYSIS SP. (CLONE T-ISO) (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE)1

The pigment composition of two clones of Isochrysis galbana Parke (CCMP 1323 and CCAP 927/1), and Isochrysis sp. (clone T-ISO) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a polymeric octadecylsilica column. Fluorescent peaks with retention times higher than chlorophyll a were detected for all three clones. The corresponding pigments were isolated and characterized in terms of their visible absorbance and fluorescence spectra. The pigments were similar to phytol-substituted chlorophyll c, previously isolated from Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler and other species containing chlmophyll c₃. The presence of phytol-substituted chlorophyll c in I. galbana which lacked chlorophyll c₃, increases the diversity of chlorophyll patterns for the Haptophyta, which can be grouped, at present, into six different pigment types. This is the jrst observation of a haptophyte containing the apolar phytylated chlorophyll c-like pigment but lacking chlorophyll c₃.     

Human recombinant IL-10 reduces xenogenic cytotoxicity via macrophage M2 polarization

Xenotransplantation has been considered an alternative to the moderate shortage of donor organs for transplantation. To achieve successful xenotransplatation, there is the need to overcome immune rejection. Although, hyperacute rejection has been overcome by α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig, cellular immune rejection remains as a subsequent barrier. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine which has been shown to limit inflammatory responses by inhibiting macrophage activation in several animal experiments. To study the effect of human IL-10 (hIL-10) on pig-to-human xenotransplantation, porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK(15)) expressing hIL-10 was established. The cytotoxicity of macrophages decreased by hIL-10 from transgenic cells. Furthermore, there is a decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-23, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, but not transforming growth factor beta, in the presence of hIL-10. Also, macrophage polarization toward M2-like phenotype were induced by hIL-10 from transgenic PK(15) cells. Finally, we suggest that the cytotoxicity of human macrophages was reduced by hIL-10 from transgenic cells, inducing M2-like macrophage polarization. Therefore, these results show that hIL-10 transgenic pig can be used as a model to overcome acute immune rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者血清SOD、GSH-Px、MIP-1α、VEGF水平与肌电图特征及病程的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）患者血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α（MIP-1α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平与肌电图特征及病程的关系。方法：将从2018年12月起直至2020年12月,我院收治的ALS患者86例纳入研究,记作病变组。另取同期90例于我院进行体检的健康人员作为对照组。检测并比较两组血清SOD、GSH-Px、MIP-1α、VEGF水平及肌电图特征。将所有病变组患者根据病程的差异分为病程较长组42例以及病程较短组44例,比较两组血清SOD、GSH-Px、MIP-1α、VEGF水平以及肌萎缩侧索硬化症功能评分量表（ALSFRS-r）评分。采用Pearson相关性分析ALS患者血清SOD、GSH-Px、MIP-1α、VEGF水平与肌电图特征及病程的关系。结果：病变组血清SOD、GSH-Px水平均低于对照组,而MIP-1α、VEGF水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。病变组各项肌电图参数水平均低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。病程较长组血清SOD、GSH-Px水平以及ALSFRS-r评分均低于病程较短组,而MIP-1α、VEGF水平均高于病程较短组（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：ALS患者血清SOD、GSH-Px水平与肌电图各神经符合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）、ALSFRS-r评分均呈正相关,与病程呈负相关（均P＜0.05）;MIP-1α、VEGF水平则与肌电图各神经CMAP、ALSFRS-r评分均呈负相关,与病程呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。结论：ALS患者血清SOD、GSH-Px水平较低,MIP-1α、VEGF水平较高,且和肌电图特征以及病程密切相关,值得临床关注。     

血清DCN、NRG-1、MIF水平与首发未服药精神分裂症患者临床症状和认知功能的相关性分析

目的:探讨血清核心蛋白多糖(DCN)、神经调节蛋白-1(NRG-1)、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)水平与首发未服药精神分裂症患者临床症状和认知功能的相关性。方法:选择2018年1月~2020年11月期间长江大学附属第一医院收治的首发未服药精神分裂症患者80例作为精神分裂症组,同期于长江大学附属第一医院进行体检的健康志愿者80例作为对照组。应用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估患者精神病理症状,应用MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)评估所有受试者认知功能。根据PANSS评分将精神分裂症组分为PANSS评分高分组和低分组,比较两组血清DCN、NRG-1、MIF水平,并分析以上指标水平与PANSS总分、MCCB各项评分的相关性。结果:精神分裂症组患者PANSS总分为(77.18±13.57)分。精神分裂症组MCCB各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。精神分裂症组血清DCN、NRG-1水平低于对照组,MIF水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。PANSS高分组血清DCN、NRG-1水平低于PANSS低分组,MIF水平高于PANSS低分组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,首发未服药精神分裂症患者血清DCN、NRG-1水平与PANSS总分呈负相关,与MCCB各项评分呈正相关,MIF水平与PANSS总分呈正相关,与MCCB各项评分呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论:首发未服药精神分裂症患者血清DCN、NRG-1、MIF水平异常,且以上指标水平与患者临床症状和认知功能受损有一定联系,提示检测以上指标水平可能为该病患者认知功能及临床症状的评估提供参考。