Trichinella spiralis: changes caused in the mouse's thymic, splenic, and lymph node cell populations.

Infections with the nematode Trichinella spiralis induce unresponsiveness in mice. A study was made to determine whether suppression could be due to a deficiency in the cells responsible for the immunological response. Mice were given low or moderate infections and were killed 7, 14, 28, or 56 days after inoculation; spleen macrophages and leucocytes, θ cells, and Con A- and LPS-sensitive cells were determined in the thymus, spleen, and the mesenteric and axillary lymph nodes. Spleen macrophages are diminished throughout the course of the infection, reaching significantly low levels on the 14th day. The thymus loses, whereas the spleen and the axillary node gain, cells bearing the θ antigen. In spite of the increase in leucocytes and θ cells in the secondary lymphoid tissue, the cells of these organs are insensitive to the blastogenic action of Con A in the heavier infections. In lower infections, however, spleen cells show an enhanced response to Con A and LPS; mesenteric cells, on the other hand, show an early enhanced susceptibility to LPS and a reduced susceptibility to Con A and, in the later phases of parasitism, an enhanced Con A and a reduced LPS susceptibility. It is suggested that these phenomena contribute to the immunosuppression phenomena which are characteristic of T. spiralis infections.     

Lymph node colonization induces tumor-immune tolerance to promote distant metastasis

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结直肠癌淋巴结微转移灶的临床病理研究

摘要目的：探讨结直肠癌淋巴结微转移灶的特点及其临床病理意义。方法：对我院2001年1月-2006年10月收治的56例无组织学淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者的650个淋巴结进行微转移灶的免疫组织化学和组织学检测,并分析微转移灶与患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果-通过对41,zm厚淋巴结连续切片进行观察,连续切片五片的微转移灶检出率较一片和两片的的微转移灶检出率显著升高（P〈0．05）。按解剖部位分组的患者微转移灶阳性率1组有66．67％（16／24）,2组有60％（9／15）,3组有41．2％（7／17）,无显著性差别（P〉0．05）。微转移灶与无组织学淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者的肿瘤浸润深度（P=0．013）和肿块大小（P=0．037）存在显著性相关,但有微转移灶和无微转移灶的无组织学淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者总体生存状况比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：微转移灶在无组织学淋巴结转移的结直肠癌淋巴结中较常见,与肿瘤大小和浸润深度有关,但与患者的预后无显著相关性。     

口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系

目的：通过检测肿瘤出芽、淋巴结转移以及血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF—C）表达水平,分析口腔癌中肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C表达及淋巴结转移的相关关系,为临床治疗提供理论参考。方法：选取2009年1月-2013年1月4年间在我院接受诊治且资料完整63例口腔癌患者作为研究对象,观察肿瘤出芽、VEGF-C表达和淋巴结转移情况,分析相互之间的相关关系。结果：本次纳入研究的患者中,检出肿瘤出芽患者40例,所占比例为63．5％,VEGF—C表达阳性患者39例,阳性率率为61．9％,淋巴结转移患者40例,转移率为63．5％;肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移的符合率为84．1％,肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达符合率为79．4％,VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移发生的符合率为76．2％。肿瘤出芽与淋巴结转移呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．932,P〈0．05,与VEGF-C的表达也呈正相关,经Spear相关分析,r=0．897,P〈0．05。结论：肿瘤出芽与VEGF—C的表达水平和淋巴结转移均呈正相关关系,可用于预测判断口腔癌淋巴结转移情况。     

Brugia pahangi: Immunization with early L3 ES alters parasite migration,and reduces microfilaremia and lymphatic lesion formation in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Previous studies have shown that intradermally (ID) injected Brugia pahangi L3s migrate through various tissues and into the lymphatics of gerbils in a distinct pattern. Excretory/secretory products (ES) produced at the time of invasion of B. pahangi are likely to be important in this early migration phase of the parasite life cycle in their rodent host. Hence, early L3 ES was collected from 24 h in vitro cultures of B. pahangi L3 larvae and used in immunization experiments to investigate the effect of immunity to early L3 ES on worm migration, survival and development of B. pahangi. Immunization of gerbils with ES in RIBI adjuvant produced antibodies to numerous ES proteins eliciting a strong humoral response to ES and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay using anti-ES serum recognized the ES proteins on the surface of B. pahangi L3 larvae. Following ES immunization, gerbils were challenged either ID or intraperitoneally (IP) with 100 L3s of B. pahangi and euthanized at 3 or 106 days post inoculation (DPI). Immunization with early ES slowed the migration of ID inoculated L3 at 3 DPI and significantly altered the locations of adult worms at 106 DPI. Immunization did not induce protection in any treatment group. However, immunized animals had significantly fewer microfilariae per female worm suggesting the antigens in ES are important in microfilariae development or survival in the host. The number of lymphatic granulomas was also significantly reduced in ES immunized animals. It is important to note that microfilariae serve as a nidus in these granulomas. Our results shows immunization with early Brugia malayi L3 ES alters the worm migration, affects circulating microfilarial numbers and reduces lymphatic granulomas associated with B. pahangi infection in gerbils.     

进展期胃癌的脾门淋巴结转移相关因素的研究

目的:探讨进展期胃癌脾门淋巴结(10组)转移的相关临床病理因素.方法:回顾分析了(2008-2011年)75例胃癌根治术伴10组淋巴结切除的进展期胃癌病例.分析了临床病理学因素和10组淋巴结转移的相关性.结果:本研究结果提示10组淋巴结转移的阳性率为52％.胃下部癌的转移率(20％)相对较低(P=0.000),大弯侧肿瘤的转移率高达76.2％.病灶的侵润深度及病理TNM分期与10组淋巴结阳性率密切相关,组织学类型或分化程度与10组淋巴结转移无统计学相关.病灶小于3 cm病例的10组淋巴结转移的阳性率为0％,而大于9 cm或Borrmann-Ⅳ的肿瘤患者的10组淋巴结转移的阳性率为100％.结论:10组淋巴结转移的高危因素包括:1.中上部胃癌;2.肿瘤位于胃大弯侧;3.大于3 cm; 4.侵达胃壁浆膜层.含以上高危因素的进展期胃癌根治手术中,建议常规行术中快速冰冻检查10组淋巴结是否存在转移;含2个以上高危因素的进展期胃癌建议行脾切除术,或如果技术条件具备应行保留脾的10组淋巴结清扫术以便最终获得R0切除.     

淋巴结转移阴性的胃癌患者临床病理特征及生存探讨

目的:探讨淋巴结转移阴性胃癌患者的临床病理特征以及预后影响因素。方法:收集2000年1月至2009年1月我院收治的胃癌患者325例,其中经病理检查显示淋巴结转移阴性的105例患者作为阴性组(LN-组),另229例阳性患者作为阳性组(LN+组),比较两组的临床病理特征及临床预后。结果:LN-组的肿瘤直径、浸润深度及术后化疗与LN+组比较差异显著(P0.05);LN-组的5年生存率为76.2%,显著高于LN+组的43.2%(P0.05)。未透浆膜的LN-患者3年、5年生存率显著高于浸透浆膜者,术后化疗的LN-患者5年生存率显著高于未化疗者(P0.05),肿瘤直径5 cm的LN-患者3、5年生存率显著高于≥5 cm者(P0.05)。单因素分析显示浸润深度、肿瘤大小及术后化疗与LN-胃癌患者的预后具有密切关系(P0.05)。COX多因素分析显示浸润深度是影响LN-胃癌患者临床预后的独立因素(P0.05)。结论:淋巴结转移阴性胃癌患者的病灶多位于中下部,男性多于女性,发病年龄多在60岁以内,肿瘤直径多不超过5 cm,浸润深度多未浸透浆膜,临床预后优于淋巴结转移阳性胃癌患者,浸润深度是影响淋巴结转移阴性胃癌患者临床预后的独立因素。     

T cell up-regulation of CD127 is associated with reductions in the homeostatic set point of the peripheral T cell pool during malnourishment

The following study was undertaken to better understand the mechanisms that relate the homeostatic set point of the peripheral T cell population to energy availability in mice. We report that the total number of peripheral naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+T cells notably declined after one week of malnourishment, a time period too short to be entirely due to malnutrition-induced thymic involution. Peripheral malnourished T cells expressed higher levels of the IL-7 receptor component, CD127, and were less sensitive to death-by-neglect as compared to control T cells. Overall levels of IL-7 were similar in malnourished and control mice. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that CD127 expression did not correlate with increased survival in vivo and that all naïve CD8+T cells upregulated CD127, regardless of initial expression levels. Corticosterone levels were elevated in malnourished mice and this correlated in time with peripheral T cell up-regulation of CD127 and the diminishment of the peripheral T cell pool. Overall, these data suggest a model in which CD127 levels are up-regulated quickly during malnourishment, thereby increasing the scavenge rate of IL-7, and providing a mechanism to quickly adjust the total number of T cells during malnutrition.     

VEGF-A在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集2009年1月-2010年12月收治的45例食管鳞状细胞癌患者临床资料及病理标本,应用免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织VEGF-A表达及微淋巴管密度(MLVD),分析VEGF-A表达与食管鳞癌患者临床病理资料、MLVD及与患者生存期限的关系。结果:1有淋巴结转移的患者VEGF-A表达阳性率为66.67%,明显高于无淋巴结转移患者的38.10%(P0.05);2 VEGF-A阳性食管鳞状细胞癌患者MLVD为(8.35±2.45)明显高于阴性患者的(5.32±1.44),(P0.05);3VEGF-A阳性食管鳞状细胞癌患者3年存活率为41.67%明显低于阴性患者的61.90%(P0.05)。结论:VEGF-A表达在确定早期食管鳞状细胞癌淋巴结转移方面具有一定的应用价值,可以作为评价预后的有效指标。