细胞周期调控因子在非小细胞肺癌作用的研究

目前研究认为P16、视网膜母细胞瘤基因（Rb）、细胞周期蛋白（CylinD1）及细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK4）几种细胞周期调控因子相互作用构成一条重要的细胞周期调节通路,为了解P16、PRb、CyclinD1种调控因子在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的作用,本实验采用免疫组织化学方法对38例原发性NSCLC中上述三种因子的表达进行了研究。结果,其中54％的肺癌组织出现CyclinD1的过度表达,P16、Rb的阳性表达率分别为47．4％和76．3％。我们发现,在50％Rb阳性病例中,P16蛋白不表达或表达水平很低,在21％PRb阴性病例中,P16蛋白具有较高的表达水平,本研究结果提示：1．PRb与P16蛋白在NSCLC中的表达呈负相关,P16的表达可能受PRb负调控,2．PRb的失活与CyclinD1过度表达共同存在于NSCLC中;3．NSCLC的发生涉及P16－Rb－CyclinD1／CDK4调节通路多个调控因子的异常。     

Nampt及高糖高胰岛素微环境对人顺铂耐药肺癌细胞株增殖和转移的影响

摘要 目的：探究烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶（Nampt）及高糖高胰岛素（HG+HI）微环境对人顺铂耐药肺癌细胞增殖和转移的影响。方法：将人顺铂耐药细胞株A549/DDP分为6组（n=6）：对照组（control）、高糖高胰岛素干预组（HH，使用添加30 mmol/L的葡萄糖和500 mU/L的胰岛素的培养基培养72 h）、分别转染sh-NC和sh-Nampt组（sh-NC和sh-Nampt，使用Lipofectamine 2000将sh-NC和sh-Nampt分别转染到细胞中，转染时间为48 h）、HH干预sh-NC和sh-Nampt组（HH+sh-NC和HH+sh-Nampt）。每组6个重复样本。qRT-PCR检测转染效率，MTT法检测细胞增殖，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡，Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭，qRT-PCR检测Nampt mRNA，Western blot检测Nampt、Bcl-2、Bax、MMP-2、MMP-9、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT和AKT蛋白表达。结果：与对照组和sh-NC组比较，sh-Nampt组的Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达水平、相对细胞活力、迁移和侵袭细胞数量降低，而细胞凋亡率升高，Bcl-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、Nampt、p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达水平降低，Bax蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.005）。与对照组和sh-NC组比较，HH组和HH+sh-NC组的Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达水平、相对细胞活力、迁移和侵袭细胞数量升高，Bcl-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、Nampt、p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达水平升高，Bax蛋白表达水平降低（P<0.005）。与HH组和HH+sh-NC组比较，HH+sh-Nampt组的Nampt mRNA和蛋白表达水平、相对细胞活力、迁移和侵袭细胞数量降低，细胞凋亡率升高，Bcl-2、MMP-2、MMP-9、Nampt、p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达水平降低，Bax蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.005）。结论：高糖高胰岛素微环境可能通过上调Nampt/PI3K/AKT信号通路诱导人顺铂耐药肺癌细胞的增殖和转移。     

Elevated GAPDH expression is associated with the proliferation and invasion of lung and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, is one of the most investigated housekeeping genes and widely used as an internal control in analysis of gene expression levels. The present study was designed to assess whether GAPDH is associated with cancer cell growth and progression and, therefore may not be a good internal control in cancer research. Our results from clinical tissue studies showed that the levels of GAPDH protein were significantly up‐regulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues, compared with the adjacent normal lung tissues, and this was confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. GAPDH knockdown by siRNA resulted in significant reductions in proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. In a nude mouse cancer xenograft model, GAPDH knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration/invasion in vivo. In summary, GAPDH may not be an appropriate internal control for gene expression studies, especially in cancer research. The role of GAPDH in cancer development and progression should be further examined in pre‐clinical and clinical studies.     

Wnt/beta-catenin信号通路关键因子在放射性肺纤维化中的作用

目的：观察直线加速器X射线照射对人肺成纤维细胞(HLFs)Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路关键信号因子的影响并探讨其意义。方 法：HLFs分别经直线加速器0Gy、5Gy、8Gy X线照射后,MTT 比色法检测其增殖活性,筛选合适照射剂量。人肺成纤维细胞分为 照射组(R 组)和正常对照组(C 组),R 组经直线加速器X射线,5 Gy 照射24 h后,免疫荧光检测成纤维细胞alpha-SMA表达,Western blot检测成纤维细胞中GSK-3beta、p-GSK-3beta表达。结果：X 线5 Gy照射剂量可使人肺成纤维细胞增殖活力增强,较0 Gy、8 Gy增 殖曲线明显。照射组人肺成纤维细胞形态较正常组有明显差异。照射组人肺成纤维细胞琢-SMA,p-GSK-3beta表达水平升高, p-GSK-3beta/GSK-3beta比值升高,与正常对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路在放射性肺损伤的发生 发展中起调控作用,可能为放射性肺纤维化的治疗提供了新视角。     

稳定表达p120ctn的人肺腺癌A549细胞株的构建

目的:构建稳定表达p120ctn的A549细胞株,以研究p120ctn蛋白在肺癌发生和转移过程中的作用。方法:通过分子克隆,将pc DNA3.1多克隆位点插入Flag标签的编码序列,得到pc DNA.Flag表达载体。然后PCR扩增p120ctn的编码序列,插入Flag标签下游,构建pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒,筛选阳性克隆并进行酶切及测序鉴定。利用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将pc DNA.Flag-p120ctn质粒转染到肺癌细胞A549中,通过G418筛选得到稳定转染细胞株,免疫印迹法检测p120ctn的表达。结果:本文构建了融合有Flag标签的p120ctn真核表达载体并转染到A549中,免疫印迹结果表明p120ctn蛋白在A549细胞中高效的表达。结论:本文成功构建了稳定高表达p120ctn的A549细胞模型,为深入研究p120ctn在肺癌的发生和转移过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE水平与肺癌的相关性研究

目的：分析血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平检测在肺癌诊断及疗效评估中的临床价值,探讨其与肺癌的相关性。方 法：采用化学发光免疫法检测78 例肺癌患者、50 例肺部良性疾病及50 例健康体检者血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平,比 较治疗前后肺癌患者肿瘤标志物水平的变化。结果：肺癌组血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平较对照组、肺良性疾病组均显 著升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ-Ⅳ期肺癌患者各肿瘤标志物水平均较Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者明显升高（P<0.05）;四项联合检测的敏感性为79.5 %,明显 高于CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 任一单项肿瘤标志物的敏感性（P<0.05）;随着疗效的下降,血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平逐渐升高（P<0.05）。结论：肺癌患者血清CA199、CYFR21-1、CEA、NSE 水平呈高表达状态,且其表达水平与肺癌病情程度密 切相关,联合检测有助于提高肺癌诊断的敏感度及指导治疗方案选择。     

Rat Heterotopic Abdominal Heart/Single-lung Transplantation in a Volume-loaded Configuration

Herein, we describe a novel technique for heterotopic abdominal heart-lung transplantation (HAHLT) in rats. The configuration of the transplant graft involves anastomosis of donor inferior vena cava (IVC) to recipient IVC, and donor ascending aorta (Ao) to recipient abdominal Ao. The right upper and middle lung lobes are preserved and function as conduits for blood flow from right heart to left heart.There are several advantages to using this technique, and it lends itself to a broad range of applications. Because the graft is transplanted in a configuration that allows for dyamic volume-loading, cardiac function may be directly assessed in vivo. The use of pressure-volume conductance catheters permits characterization of load-dependent and load-independent hemodynamic parameters. The graft may be converted to a loaded configuration by applying a clamp to the recipient’s infra-hepatic IVC. We describe modified surgical techniques for both donor and recipient operations, and an ideal myocardial protection strategy. Depending on the experimental aim, this model may be adapted for use in both acute and chronic studies of graft function, immunologic status, and variable ventricular loading conditions. The conducting airways to the transplanted lung are preserved, and allow for acute lung re-ventilation. This facilitates analysis of the effects of the mixed venous and arterial blood providing coronary perfusion to the graft.A limitation of this model is its technical complexity. There is a significant learning curve for new operators, who should ideally be mentored in the technique. A surgical training background is advantageous for those wishing to apply this model. Despite its complexity, we aim to present the model in a clear and easily applicable format. Because of the physiologic similarity of this model to orthotopic transplantation, and its broad range of study applications, the effort invested in learning the technique is likely to be worthwhile.     

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

The mouse is now the primary animal used to model a variety of lung diseases. To study the mechanisms that underlie such pathologies, phenotypic methods are needed that can quantify the pathologic changes. Furthermore, to provide translational relevance to the mouse models, such measurements should be tests that can easily be done in both humans and mice. Unfortunately, in the present literature few phenotypic measurements of lung function have direct application to humans. One exception is the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, which is a measurement that is routinely done in humans. In the present report, we describe a means to quickly and simply measure this diffusing capacity in mice. The procedure involves brief lung inflation with tracer gases in an anesthetized mouse, followed by a 1 min gas analysis time. We have tested the ability of this method to detect several lung pathologies, including emphysema, fibrosis, acute lung injury, and influenza and fungal lung infections, as well as monitoring lung maturation in young pups. Results show significant decreases in all the lung pathologies, as well as an increase in the diffusing capacity with lung maturation. This measurement of lung diffusing capacity thus provides a pulmonary function test that has broad application with its ability to detect phenotypic structural changes with most of the existing pathologic lung models.