高海拔地区内毒素致绵羊多脏器功能障碍综合征的病理学改变

目的研究高海拔地区内毒素致绵羊多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）的病理学变化特征。方法将16只绵羊随机分为2组,中度海拔组和高海拔组,按相同的剂量静脉给予内毒素（6μg/kg）制作MODS模型,24h后麻醉处死绵羊,观察主要脏器的病理学变化。结果中度海拔和高海拔MODS组绵羊肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肠粘膜均出现明显炎性改变,高海拔MODS组绵羊肺脏、肝脏病理学评分明显高于中度海拔MODS组。结论高海拔地区MODS的病理损伤较中度海拔明显加重。     

ICU开放人工气道患者下呼吸道病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解重症监护室（ICU）开放气道患者下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药特点,为临床用药提供依据。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2008年12月,重症监护室开放气道患者下呼吸道感染者的痰标本418株病原菌进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果革兰阴性杆菌占69．6％,其中铜绿假单胞菌27．02％,其次为鲍曼不动杆菌20．16％。革兰阳性球菌占20．16％,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主占12．5％,真菌10．24％。结论目前重症监护室下呼吸道致病菌以G^-杆菌为主,细菌的耐药性严重,应根据药敏试验选择抗生素。     

Leaf morphology shift linked to climate change

Climate change is driving adaptive shifts within species, but research on plants has been focused on phenology. Leaf morphology has demonstrated links with climate and varies within species along climate gradients. We predicted that, given within-species variation along a climate gradient, a morphological shift should have occurred over time due to climate change. We tested this prediction, taking advantage of latitudinal and altitudinal variations within the Adelaide Geosyncline region, South Australia, historical herbarium specimens (n = 255) and field sampling (n = 274). Leaf width in the study taxon, Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima, was negatively correlated with latitude regionally, and leaf area was negatively correlated with altitude locally. Analysis of herbarium specimens revealed a 2 mm decrease in leaf width (total range 1-9 mm) over 127 years across the region. The results are consistent with a morphological response to contemporary climate change. We conclude that leaf width is linked to maximum temperature regionally (latitude gradient) and leaf area to minimum temperature locally (altitude gradient). These data indicate a morphological shift consistent with a direct response to climate change and could inform provenance selection for restoration with further investigation of the genetic basis and adaptive significance of observed variation.     

Diurnal Habitat Use by Lower Keys Marsh Rabbits

Abstract: We used radiotelemetry to locate daytime forms of endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbits (LKMRs; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) throughout their range so we could determine habitat characteristics of diurnal cover. We typically found forms (n = 1,298) of 36 rabbits in brackish wetlands in patches of saltmarsh or buttonwoods. In freshwater wetlands, forms (n = 54) were located most often in patches of freshwater hardwoods embedded in or adjacent to freshwater marshes. Forms (n = 942) in brackish wetlands were characterized by thick groundcover (>75%), whereas those (n = 42) in freshwater wetlands had both thick groundcover and canopy vegetation. The mean minimum convex polygon around forms of 15 rabbits was 1.4 ha (SD = 1.7), with smaller ranges characterized by thick bunchgrasses or clump-forming sedges. To increase the amount of annual space usable by LKMRs, managers should provide more saltmarsh habitat interspersed with buttonwoods and enhance ground cover in existing habitat.     

A revision of the genus Sclerosperma (Arecaceae)

Summary  A taxonomic revision of the palm genus Sclerosperma (Arecaceae) is presented. Three species are recognised: S. mannii H. Wendl., which is relatively widespread from Liberia to the Democratic Republic of Congo; S. walkeri A. Chev., which is apparently confined to the interior of Gabon and a band along the Congo River; and S. profiziana, a new species previously considered conspecific to S. mannii that is found in southwest Ghana, Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The taxonomic history, morphology, distribution and conservation status of the genus and each species are discussed.     

DIF-1 induces the basal disc of the Dictyostelium fruiting body

The polyketide DIF-1 induces Dictyostelium amoebae to form stalk cells in culture. To better define its role in normal development, we examined the phenotype of a mutant blocking the first step of DIF-1 synthesis, which lacks both DIF-1 and its biosynthetic intermediate, dM-DIF-1 (des-methyl-DIF-1). Slugs of this polyketide synthase mutant (stlB⁻) are long and thin and rapidly break up, leaving an immotile prespore mass. They have ∼ 30% fewer prestalk cells than their wild-type parent and lack a subset of anterior-like cells, which later form the outer basal disc. This structure is missing from the fruiting body, which perhaps in consequence initiates culmination along the substratum. The lower cup is rudimentary at best and the spore mass, lacking support, slips down the stalk. The dmtA⁻ methyltransferase mutant, blocked in the last step of DIF-1 synthesis, resembles the stlB⁻ mutant but has delayed tip formation and fewer prestalk-O cells. This difference may be due to accumulation of dM-DIF-1 in the dmtA⁻ mutant, since dM-DIF-1 inhibits prestalk-O differentiation. Thus, DIF-1 is required for slug migration and specifies the anterior-like cells forming the basal disc and much of the lower cup; significantly the DIF-1 biosynthetic pathway may supply a second signal - dM-DIF-1.     

贵州遵义松林黑沙坡早寒武世牛蹄塘生物群中镇巴虫的发现

贵州遵义松林中南村黑沙坡下寒武统牛蹄塘生物群下部层位产有大型三叶虫,计有2属3种,1未定种：Zhenbaspis subconica S. G Zhang in Lu et al. , 1974, Z. longa Zhou in Lee et al. , 1975 ; Zhenbaspis sp. , Runnania similis Lee in Yin et Lee, , 1978, 确认 Zhenbaspis (Zhenxiongaspis) Lin et Yin in Yin et Lee, 1978,为 Zhenbastn‘sChang et Chu in Lu et al. ,1974的同义名。探讨Zhenbaspis的古地理分布及演化趋势。论文还描述与Zhenbaspis,Runnania共生的Tsunyidiscus及Mianxiandiscus,其中Mianxiandiscus产于下生物群即牛蹄塘组近底部,再次证实牛蹄塘下生物群的时代早于澄江生物群。     

新疆早二叠世阿克苏柯坪珊瑚的种内变异

通过对产自新疆柯坪地区的阿克苏柯坪珊瑚(Kepingophyllum aksuense)的大量薄片观察,发现该类珊瑚在珊瑚体单骸形态、横板带宽度与泡沫板带宽度之比、隔壁长度、横板的形态、隔壁数目、隔壁数目与珊瑚骸直径之比等六个方面存在很大变异。此外,该类珊瑚中存在明显的周期性生长变异现象,表现在泡沫板的排列疏密相间。与模式标本的对比研究发现,此类珊瑚的群体间变异相对较小。     

下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性

目的:研究本院下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性,为合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法:对下呼吸道感染流行菌进行统计分析.结果:检出病原菌716株,革兰阴性杆菌为主要菌种,而G杆菌中铜绿假单胞菌占13.69%,肺炎克雷伯菌占8.8%,不动杆菌属占8.4%.除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌外,G杆菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感性高.G 球菌以表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主要菌种,耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSS)的检出率为85.3%,耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌的检出率为91.6%.真菌分离呈增多趋势,占所有病原菌的23.28%.结论:下呼吸道感染流行菌药敏显示耐药水平较多,临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选择抗生素,以利于疾病的治疗.     

Morphology and wall ultrastructure of the spores of the Lower Devonian plant Oocampsa catheta Andrews et al., 1975

The enigmatic Lower Devonian plant Oocampsa catheta Andrews et al. (Can. J. Bot. 53 (1975) 1719) is considered intermediate between the trimerophytes and progymnosperms. In order to shed light on its evolutionary relationships, the morphology and ultrastructure of its sporangium and spores were analysed using light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, dispersed spores (Grandispora douglastownense McGregor (Palaeontographica B 142 (1973) 1) and Grandispora ?macrotuberculata (Trudy VNIGNI 37 (1963) 18) McGregor (Palaeontographica B 142 (1973) 1), considered to possibly represent forms derived from O. catheta, were also examined. It is concluded that G. douglastownense and G. ?macrotuberculata are probably end members of the same spore complex and most likely are dispersed spores produced by O. catheta. Oocampsa catheta spores are bilayered. An inner body has an innermost part consisting of continuous, parallel-stacked, laminae and an outermost part consisting of more erratic, anastomosing, laminae. The inner body is surrounded by an homogeneous outer layer that is extended at the equator forming a pseudozona, and is folded on the proximal surface forming the trilete mark and on the distal surface forming spinose ornament. The spores are partially camerate. On the inside of the sporangium wall there is a layer probably representing the residue left following degeneration of a (probably secretory) tapetum. Spore morphology, gross structure and wall ultrastructure are compared to that of extant and fossil plant groups, and it is concluded that the spores of O. catheta are highly distinctive and do not conform closely to any plant group, although they show most in common with the spores of the progymnosperms.