东濮凹陷沙河街组(古近纪)植物活动痕迹类型及其环境与层序地层学意义

植物活动痕迹即根迹,是层序地层学中识别低位期沉积的重要标志。东濮凹陷沙河街组(古近纪)根迹发育,形态各异,可分为A、B、C、D、E五种类型,分别被解释为五类次级沉积环境下的产物。其中A型根迹、B型根迹与河口湾沉积环境相关,前者见于河口湾陆方一侧的河口沙坝(bay head bar),后者则出现于海方一侧易受海浪冲蚀的盐碱凹地。已有资料证明,植物活动痕迹,结合动物活动痕迹和古生物学、沉积学研究,可为判别河口湾沉积环境、层序界面提供重要实据,从而在层序地层学研究和储层沉积环境探索中显示重要作用。     

Schwannomas of the peroneal nerves: Clinical and functional results of surgical treatment

Objectives:Peroneal nerves Schwannomas are rare benign tumors. Literature is still poor of studies about clinical and functional outcomes after surgical treatment. We evaluated the pre-operative presentation of the disease and assessed clinical and functional outcomes after surgery.Methods:We collected all the cases of peroneal nerves’ neurinoma treated surgically between June 2016 and June 2020. We analyzed each patients’ personal data and carried out accurate clinical examinations before and after surgery. MRI was performed both pre-operatively and post-operatively.Results:We reported 9 cases of peroneal nerves schwannomas: five arising from the common peroneal nerve and four arising from the deep or superficial branches alone. Their mean size was 22.6 mm. Each patient showed sensation deficits before surgery; pre-operative MRC score was 4.2. Pre-Operative MSTS and LEFS scores were 23.6 and 64.4. Surgery was successful in each case. No local recurrence nor major complication occurred. Tumor size was significantly associated with both diagnostic delay and development of pre-operative deficits. Surgery was proven to be globally successful: post-operative evaluations highlighted a marked reduction of neurological signs and overall functional limitations.Conclusions:Surgical treatment at early stages of the disease represents a reliable and relatively safe therapeutic option.     

人机共融的主动型下肢假肢分层控制策略探讨

为研究当前主动型下肢假肢控制问题的解决策略,提出了主动型下肢假肢设计和分类的通用控制框架,包括3个分层结构:上层控制器、中层控制器、底层控制器。其中,上层控制器感知运动意图;中层控制器将运动意图转换为预期的装置状态,用于底层控制器的跟踪参考;底层控制器通过反馈控制或者前馈控制计算出预期装置状态与当前装置状态的误差,驱动假肢执行这些命令,形成控制闭环。结果表明,该通用控制框架可完整阐释主动型下肢假肢的人—机—环境共融关系,明确了分层控制策略的层级任务,为未来主动型下肢假肢的发展提供了理论指导。     

黑犀(奇蹄目,犀科)化石在中国的首次发现

黑犀(Diceros属)的惟一现生代表D.bicornis生活在非洲。该属在新近纪时期曾广泛分布于希腊、土耳其和伊朗等地区,但从未在东亚地区发现过。新种甘肃黑犀(Diceros gan- suensis sp.nov.)是该属在中国和东亚的首次发现。化石采自甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世柳树组中部。新种以尺寸较小、头型短、枕顶高耸、枕面窄而高、枕嵴无中沟、副枕突短小、下颌上升支距m3较近、前臼齿较小、DP1无后脊、P2原脊孤立、P2和P3后脊细窄而区别于东地中海地区的Diceros neumayri。D.neumayri的分类位置一直是一个争论的焦点,曾在黑犀(Diceros属)和白犀(Ceratotherium属)之间反复变更。研究显示,甘肃黑犀和D.neumayri的一系列共同的原始特征表明它们与更进步的白犀有明显的区别,应该归入黑犀属。     

贵阳孟关早三叠世安顺组的两个新遗迹属

记述２个新遗迹属──Ｂｉｃｏｎｃａｖｉｃｈｎｕｓ和Ｆａｓｃｉａｒｉｃｈｎｕｓ，并讨论了它们的形成方式和形成环境。化石产于贵阳市南约２０ｋｍ的孟关附近的下三叠统安顺组上部。     

Nature and mode of action of NAD and ATP dephosphorylating enzyme from Aspergillus terreus DSM 826

NAD and ATP were dephosphorylated by Aspergillus terreus extracts optimally at pH 8 and 40 °C. The data obtained indicate that one phosphohydrolase was involved in the cleavage of all the phosphate linkages of these two energy-carrying molecules, and also indicate that this enzyme can be classified as a non-specific alkaline phosphatase. This is based on the following criteria: during fractionation of the enzymes of the extracts, using Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, the recorded elution diagram showed only one phosphohydrolase activity peak and this peak was the same with NAD, ATP, inorganic pyrophosphate and phenyl phosphate as substrates; the activity profiles with these four substrates were similar; and these four substrates were hydrolyzed at almost constant relative rates. Moreover, the activities of the pooled fractions with these different substrates responded similarly on changing some experimental conditions, such as addition of fluoride to the reaction mixtures or exposing the enzyme preparation to temperatures above 40 °C. Chromatographic detection of the intermediates and the products formed during the progression of NAD and ATP dephosphorylation by the most purified fraction of this enzyme was found to be consistent with the following mode of its action: This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Revision of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cheliderpeton vranyi</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">Fritsch</Emphasis>, 1877 (Amphibia,Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Bohemia (Czech Republic)

The temnospondylCheliderpeton vranyi Fritsch, 1877 from the Lower Permian Ruprechtice horizon (Rotliegend) of the Intrasudetic Basin (Bohemia, Czech Republic) is redescribed. Many features of the skeleton permit a new understanding of the type species and consequently of the genus. Diagnostic characters are the narrow and round-tipped snout, straight to convex outline of the skull roof, narrow and long otic notch, posteriorly expanded quadratojugal, and the relatively wide and short rhombic interclavicle. The ilium with a short, expanded dorsal branch and the missing contact of nasal/maxilla are features shared with the related Upper PermianIntasuchus from Russia and the Eryopidae.Actinodon germanicus is a junior synonym ofCheliderpeton vranyi.      

Callistoe vincei, a new Proborhyaenidae (Borhyaenoidea, Metatheria, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Argentina

Callistoe vincei nov. gen., nov. sp. is a new South American carnivorous marsupial (Proborhyaenidae, Borhyaenoidea) from Salta Province (Argentina). It is preliminarily described and its phylogenetic relationships with other borhyaenoids are analyzed. The holotype is a complete skull with almost complete postcranial skeleton (missing the pelvis and the tail). It is from the Lumbrera Formation (Early Eocene of northwestern Argentina). It represents the most complete proborhyaenid specimen ever discovered and one of the best-preserved borhyaenoid. In the present paper we analyze the major cranial and dental features, the essential elements to compare C. vincei to Arminiheringia auceta, a Casamayoran proborhyaenid of Patagonia. C. vincei is smaller, much more gracile; its skull is narrower; its lower canines are not procumbent; the metacrista of M3 is U-shaped; the postmetacrista of M4 is present and the mandibular symphysis is shorter. This new material allows reconsideration of some dental traits proposed to diagnose the Proborhyaenidae such as the number of incisors and the open-rooted canines.     

Hironoia fusiformis gen. et sp. nov.; a cornalean fruit from the Kamikitaba locality (Upper Cretaceous,Lower Coniacian) in northeastern Japan

The application of sieving techniques to bulk samples from the Ashizawa Formation, Futaba Group (Lower Coniacian) of northeastern Honshu, Japan, has yielded well-preserved mesofossil assemblages comparable with those recently described from eastern North America, Europe, and central Asia. Among the most abundant and distinctive components of these assemblages are fusiform fruits that are assigned here to a new genus and species, Hironoia fusiformis gen. et sp. nov. The fruits developed from an epigynous ovary with three to four locules. Each locule bears one seed and has a distinctive dorsal germination valve. These features of the fruit, along with the adnate calyx, indicate an affinity to extant Cornales and specifically the Cornaceae sensu lato. The recognition of an unequivocal cornalean fruit in the Early Coniacian–Early Santonian of Japan provides the earliest record of this group in the fossil record. It also establishes a minimum age for the early divergence of the asterid clade, a major group of living angiosperms comprising more than a third of all species of extant flowering plants. Electronic Publication     

Sensitive liquid chromatographic method using fluorescence detection for the determination of estradiol 3- and 17-glucuronides in rat and human liver microsomal incubations: formation kinetics

We have developed a sensitive and specific HPLC-fluorescence assay for the determination of estradiol-3-glucuronide and estradiol-17-glucuronide in human and rat liver microsomal incubations. The method utilizes a mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and 50 mM ammonium phosphate buffer (35:65, v/v) that is pumped though a phenyl column at 1 ml/min; the run time is less than 15 min. Calibration curves for both metabolites were linear over the range 20-4000 pmol. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were <6%. In both rat and human liver microsomes, the formation of estradiol-3-glucuronide displayed atypical kinetics (consistent with activation), while estradiol-17-glucuronide formation was consistent with classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Overall, the assay described is a sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of estradiol glucuronides in liver microsomal preparations.