Sample size for collecting seeds in germplasm conservation: the case of the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

 The design of optimum sampling strategies integrating criteria of efficiency relevant to multilocus models and many target populations has been investigated with respect to the number of plants and the number of seeds per plant to be sampled for a Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) gene pool. This study, using five populations and six polymorphic enzyme loci, shows that the number of plants rather than the number of seeds collected per plant primarily determines the success of seed sampling, suggesting that plant number plays an essential part in maintaining the allelic multiplicity of predominantly selfing species like Lima bean. According to the results, it appears that among Lima bean populations an efficient sampling procedure is achieved by collecting 1–4 seeds from 200 to 300 plants. These sample sizes will retain 8–10 alleles, regardless of their frequencies. When we consider polymorphism at the 5% level, it is expected that sampling 10–80 plants will collect combinations of 4–8 alleles. Based on data from genetic and demographic studies, we suggest an efficient sampling scheme for Lima bean germplasm at both population and geographical levels. Received: 10 March 1998 / Accepted: 1 April 1998     

A study of the impact of oral health on the quality of life of older people in the UK- findings from a National Survey.

Objectives The aim of this study was to was to determine whether older adults perceive oral health as affecting their life quality and to identify variations in impacts in relation to socio-demographic factors, dental service utilisation and method of payment. Design This study formed part of the Office for National Statistics Omnibus Survey, which utilised a random probability sample of addresses from the British Postcode Address File (PAF). Setting 3,000 homes were selected from one hundred post sectors across Britain. Respondents were interviewed in their homes about how oral health affects their quality of life. Subjects 454 older people (aged 65 and over) took part in the survey. Main outcome measures The study group perceived oral health as impacting on their quality of life in general (negative and/or positive impact) (70%, 318), enhancing (53%, 241) and detracting (44%, 199) from their life quality. The most frequently perceived way in which oral health affects life quality was its effect on eating and comfort. Older people from higher socio-economic groups reported that oral health had a greater impact on their quality of life in general (positive and/or negative impacts), (OR=1.77,95% CI= 1.22,2.78) and specifically, enhancing their quality of life (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.01,2.30). Those who reported attending the dentist within the last year perceived that their oral health enhanced their life quality (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.01,2.38). Conclusions Socio-economic background and dental attendance pattern are associated with how older people perceived oral health as affecting quality of life. These findings may have implications for promoting regular dental attendance and auditing dental services for older people.     

冻干低pH静注丙球质量稳定性观察

对１４批静注丙球保留样品进行３年效期内稳定性观察结果表明：出厂后３年内制品的物理检查和热稳定性试验均合格,ｐＨ值没有变化,ＩｇＧ分子仍以单体形式存在,抗补体活性（ＡＣＡ）和ＰＫＡ含量未见升高,白喉抗毒素效价未见下降。表明我所大规模生产的静注丙球质量是稳定可靠的     

Homogeneity/Heterogeneity Hypotheses for Standardized Mortality Ratios Based on Minimum Power‐divergence Estimators

This paper analyzes the power divergence estimators when homogeneity/heterogeneity hypotheses among standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) are taken into account. A Monte Carlo study shows that when the standard mortality rate is not external, that is it is estimated from the sample data, these estimators have a good performance even for small sample sets and in particular the minimum chi‐square estimators have a better behavior compared to the classical maximum likelihood estimators. In order to make decisions under homogeneity/heterogeneity hypotheses of SMRs we propose some test‐statistics which consider the minimum power divergence estimators. Through a numerical example focused on SMRs of melanoma mortality ratios in different regions of the US, a homogeneity/heterogeneity study is illustrated.     

假体隆胸患者手术前后生命质量和自尊的评估

目的:通过对接受假体法隆胸患者的手术前后的生命质量和自尊水平进行主观的评价,得到真实、可靠的手术效果评价结果,最终提高隆胸手术患者的满意度。方法:选取接受假体法隆胸术患者共60例,在手术之前、术后6个月使用SF-36生命质量量表和Rosenberg自尊量表进行生命质量状况和自尊状况的测量评估,并和常模进行比较。结果:接受假体法隆胸患者术前SF-36生命质量量表中社会功能(SF)和精神健康(MH)两项得分明显低于常模(P0.01);术后6个月量表中社会功能(SF)和精神健康(MH)两项水平有显著改善(P0.01);Rosenberg自尊量表显示患者术后6个月的自尊水平较术前有明显的改善(P0.001)。结论:假体法隆胸手术能使患者的生命质量得到一定程度的改善,隆胸手术对患者的自尊水平有积极的显著的影响。     

运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者抑郁状态的效果观察

目的:探讨运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者抑郁状态的临床效果。方法:选取52例COPD患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各26例。对照组给予支气管扩张、健康教育、氧疗,试验组在对照组的基础上实施运动疗法,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ADL生活质量量表对两组患者治疗前后进行评估。结果:对照组患者SAS、SDS评分治疗前后无明显变化,试验患者SAS、SDS评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),两组治疗后组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组生活质量的改善优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:运动疗法能有效的改善COPD患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高患者的生存质量。     

综合干预对原发性骨质疏松治疗依从性及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨骨质疏松防治综合干预对特需门诊原发性骨质疏松(POP)患者治疗依从性及生活质量的影响。方法:以2010年5月~2013年5月期间四川大学华西医院国际医疗中心收治的112例POP患者为研究对象,分为干预组和对照组,在药物治疗的同时给予不同的护理措施,6个月后比较两组干预前后POP知识掌握程度(OKT评分)、疼痛(VAS评分)、骨密度(BMD)以及生活质量(OQOLS评分)改善情况;随访1年后评价两组治疗依从性以及骨折发生率。结果:经过6个月的干预,干预组OKT评分、VAS评分以及BMD和治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001)。干预组OQOLS评分的5个维度以及生活质量总评分和干预前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001),对照组心理维度和社会维度和干预前比较差异不大(P0.05)。两组随访1年,干预组完全依存比例明显高于对照组,不依从比例低于对照组(P0.001);干预组病理性骨折发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对特需门诊收治的原发性骨质疏松患者在药物治疗的基础上实施综合护理干预,能够明显提高患者的治疗依从性,提高骨密度增加比例,减少疼痛,降低骨折发生率,改善患者生活质量。     

药学干预对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间恶心呕吐和生活质量影响的研究

目的:探讨药学干预对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间恶心呕吐和生活质量的影响。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究,共入组87例乳腺癌术后患者。在接受辅助化疗前随机分为干预组(n=44)和对照组(n=43),干预组患者在接受化疗和常规支持治疗的同时,针对化疗引起的恶心呕吐由临床药师对患者进行咨询并指导用药,优化对症治疗方案,对照组仅接受化疗和常规支持治疗。比较两组患者对止吐药物的完全反应率、恶心严重程度、呕吐频次和生活质量。结果:化疗的前3个周期两组对止吐药物的完全缓解率分别为37.2%和63.6%,46.5%和75.0%,44.2%和72.7%,干预组完全缓解率明显高于对照组(P=0.014,P=0.006,P=0.007)。干预组的急性和迟发性恶心较对照组轻(P=0.023,P=0.045),急性和迟发性呕吐频率较对照组明显减少(P=0.006,P=0.034)。生活质量测评显示干预组患者的总健康状况较对照组升高(P=0.028),恶心、呕吐和食欲丧失的症状评分较对照组降低(P=0.025,P=0.045)。结论:临床药师对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间进行药学干预可明显减轻患者恶心、呕吐的副反应,并可改善生活质量。临床药师参与乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间的对症治疗值得在临床广泛推广。     

某三级甲等医院实施单病种质量管理的效果分析

目的：分析单病种质量管理对三级甲等医院临床医疗质量控制的干预效果。方法：介绍实施单病种质量管理的具体措施,回 顾性分析出院人次、平均住院日及住院费用。结果：实施单病种质量管理规范了医师诊疗行为并改进了医疗服务质量,缩短了平 均住院日,降低了医疗费用;但医务人员对单病种质量管理的认识不够深入,单病种诊断标准不够规范,单病种限价对医疗质量 具有潜在的影响。结论：应在不断总结单病种质量管理经验的基础上,完善单病种质量管理,促进我国医疗行业持续、健康的发 展。     

髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量现状及其影响因素分析

目的：探讨髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量现状及其影响因素。方法：选择60 例髋关节骨性关节炎患者作为观察组,60 例 健康者作为对照组。采用SF-36 生存质量评价量表,比较观察组与对照组SF-36 量表各维度评分;分析影响患者生存质量的因素。 结果：①观察组SF-36 量表各维度评分均显著低于健康对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②经Pearson 单因素分析, SF-36 量表综合得分在性别、职业、病程、治疗前景、内科慢性疾病数、10m 步行速度及K-L 分级方面的差异均具有统计学意义 （P＜0.05~0.01）;③经多元Logistic 回归分析,病程（beta=0.772,S.E.=0.689,Wald=34.027,P＜0.05,OR=1.99）、治疗前景（beta=0.778,S. E.=0.542,Wald=55.638,P＜0.05,OR=1.88）、内科慢性疾病数（beta=0.929,S.E.=0.301,Wald=12.382,P＜0.05,OR=1.72）、10m 步行速 度（beta=0.661,S.E.=0.381,Wald=19.929,P＜0.05,OR=1.69）及K-L 分级（beta=0.992,S.E.=0.526,Wald=28.371,P＜0.05,OR=2.31）为影 响髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量的危险因素。结论：髋关节骨性关节炎患者生存质量明显差于健康者,病程、治疗前景、内科慢 性疾病数、10m步行速度及K-L分级是影响患者生存质量的危险因素。