扩散张量成像对颈椎病脊髓早期损伤的研究

目的:探讨磁共振(MR)扩散张量成像(DTI)作为定量分析方法,对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)脊髓早期损伤诊断的应用价值.方法:选择45例经临床及影像诊断为脊髓型颈椎病患者,颈椎常规MRI检查显示脊髓内无异常信号,使用单次激发自旋回波平面(SE-EPI)序列,进行DTI扫描.测量压迫部位脊髓的ADC值及FA值作为病例组,选择病变上或下方两个节段以上未受压正常脊髓作为正常对照组,测量其ADC值及FA值.分析病例组与对照组间ADC及FA值差别,计算ADC值及FA值诊断脊髓损伤的敏感性.结果:所有脊髓型颈椎病患者经DTI检查均可得到ADC图及FA图,经图像后处理,脊髓显示清晰,图像无变形及伪影.3例脊髓型颈椎病患者ADC值降低,42例脊髓型颈椎病患者ADC值增高,平均ADC值为(1.388± 0.149)x 10-3 mm2/s.44名脊髓型颈椎病患者FA值降低,1名脊髓型颈椎病患者FA值增高,平均FA值为0.476±0.085,受压处脊髓平均ADC值升高,平均FA值下降,与正常值比较差别有统计学意义.ADC值诊断的敏感性为93.33％,FA值诊断的敏感性为97.78％.结论:DTI与常规MR比较,能早期而准确地诊断脊髓型颈椎病脊髓早期损伤.     

Synergistic Tissue Counterstaining and Image Segmentation Techniques for Accurate, Quantitative Immunohistochemistry

Quantitative analysis of digitized IHC-stained tissue sections is increasingly used in research studies and clinical practice. Accurate quantification of IHC staining, however, is often complicated by conventional tissue counterstains caused by the color convolution of the IHC chromogen and the counterstain. To overcome this issue, we implemented a new counterstain, Acid Blue 129, which provides homogeneous tissue background staining. Furthermore, we combined this counterstaining technique with a simple, robust, fully automated image segmentation algorithm, which takes advantage of the high degree of color separation between the 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole (AEC) chromogen and the Acid Blue 129 counterstain. Rigorous validation of the automated technique against manual segmentation data, using Ki-67 IHC sections from rat C6 glioma and β-amyloid IHC sections from transgenic mice with amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations, has shown the automated method to produce highly accurate results compared with ground truth estimates based on the manually segmented images. The synergistic combination of the novel tissue counterstaining and image segmentation techniques described in this study will allow for accurate, reproducible, and efficient quantitative IHC studies for a wide range of antibodies and tissues. (J Histochem Cytochem 56:873–880, 2008)     

JPEG2000压缩算法及其在医学图像DICOM格式中的实现

本文描述了在医学图像DICOM格式中实现JPEG2000压缩算法的编程思路和方法。提供了部分VC＋＋代码,对关键函数进行了较详细的注解,并对两种图像压缩格式进行了比较,给出了一个详细的实验结果。     

基于改进型组织特异纹理滤波器的乳腺肿瘤超声图像处理

基于乳腺超声图像的多参数纹理分类实验,改进了Gjenna Sfippel等的自适应纹理滤波器,通过引入模糊函数、增加重叠区域和迭代次数的措施,在减少图像噪声的同时,增强肿瘤与周围正常组织的视觉差别。量化比较乳腺超声图像经该滤波算法和几种常用滤波算法处理前后的的统计特征参量和肿瘤边缘检测的精确率,验证了该算法的有效性和优越性。     

Auxin quantification based on histochemical staining of GUS under the control of auxin-responsive promoter

To visualize phytohormone localization in plant tissues, transgenic plants comprising the GUS reporter gene are often used. However, until now only qualitative assessment of the hormone presence was available. In this work, we suggested the method for IAA quantification in transgenic DR5::GUS Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants by the analysis of digital images. An empirical quadratic dependence was established between the IAA concentration in medium and the level of GUS-dependent staining. Using this method, we demonstrated that, after A. thaliana root gravistimulation for 90 min, auxin lateral redistribution occurred. It resulted in the increase in the IAA concentration in the lower root part (in the elongation zone and apical meristem) by 200% on the average.     

Textural fingerprints: a comprehensive descriptor for biofilm structure development

Automated tools to determine biofilm structure are necessary to interpret large time series of biofilm images. Image analysis based on the evaluation of Spatial Gray Level Dependence Matrices (SGLDM) enabled us to monitor biofilm structure development in response to external disturbances (i.e., periodic increases of wall shear stress) at a large scale (i.e., >1 mm). We applied our method to an experiment conducted in an annular reactor over a 10-week period. Six states of biofilm development were differentiated by their unique structure. Previous exposure to rapidly increased shear influenced the resulting biofilm structure after additional shear increases. In addition, on the scale of the biofilm images, the biofilm structure after a shear increase was spatially heterogeneous and resulted in spatially differentiated regrowth after detachment at different locations in the biofilm. SGLDM was developed further as an alternative to approaches based on image binarization as binarization leads to information loss for low-magnification and low-resolution images. During post-processing of image data, structural states of biofilm development were identified by K-means clustering and data display in Principal Component plots. Quantitatively selected representative images were used to illustrate the meaning of the clusters. Post-treatment of image data was essential for managing several thousands of raw biofilm images and therefore improved the usefulness of the image analysis.     

An autocorrelation model of bat sonar

Their sonar system allows echolocating bats to navigate with high skill through a complex, three- dimensional environment at high speed and low light. The auditory analysis of the echoes of their ultrasonic sounds requires a detailed comparison of the emission and echoes. Here an auditory model of bat sonar is introduced and evaluated against a set of psychophysical phantom-target, echo-acoustic experiments. The model consists of a relatively detailed simulation of auditory peripheral processing in the bat, Phyllostomus discolor, followed by a functional module consisting of a strobed, normalised, autocorrelation in each frequency channel. The model output is accumulated in a sonar image buffer. The model evaluation is based on the comparison of the image-buffer contents generated in individually simulated psychophysical trials. The model provides reasonably good predictions for both temporal and spectral behavioural sonar processing in terms of sonar delay-, roughness, and phase sensitivity and in terms of sensitivity to the temporal separations in two-front targets and the classification of spectrally divergent phantom targets.     

Relative contributions of organ shape and receptor arrangement to the design of cricket’s cercal system

Understanding the relative contributions of the shape of a sensory organ and the arrangement of receptors to the overall performance of the organ has long been a challenge for sensory biologists. We tackled this issue using the wind-sensing system of crickets, the cerci, two conical abdominal appendages covered with arrays of filiform hairs. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with 3D reconstruction methods were used for mapping of all cercal filiform hairs. The hairs are arranged according to their diameter in a way that avoids collisions with neighbours during hair deflection: long hairs are regularly spaced, whereas short hairs are both randomly and densely distributed. Particle image velocimetry showed that the variation in diameter of the cercus along its length modifies the pattern of fluid velocities. Hairs are subject to higher air flow amplitudes at the base than at the apex of the cercus. The relative importance of interactions between receptors and the air flow around the organ may explain the performance of the cricket's cercal system: it is characterised by a high density of statistically non-interacting short hairs located at the base of the cercus where sensitivity to air currents is the highest.     

遗传学实验显微图像采集与演示系统设计

利用 Microsoft® Visual Basic 6.0 设计开发了“遗传学实验显微图像采集与演示系统”,该系统主要包括图像采集和编辑、文本输入和编辑,实验指导和图像演示、图像检索和数据库管理、系统维护及帮助等功能,各部分都以窗口形式设计,既可采用视频图像采集卡实时捕获图像,又可通过扫描仪、数码相机、剪贴板或文件输入已有的图像,并经压缩技术处理后与文字说明、实验指导一同存入数据库,方便、快捷、灵活地实现了对图像的输入和编辑、查询和演示,无论是对教师的遗传学实验教学,还是对学生的遗传学实验的自学,都起到了良好的辅助作用。Abstract: A system for capturing and showing micrographs of genetics was designed with Microsoft® Visual Basic 6.0. The system includes many functions such as capturing and editing images, typing and editing text, teaching experiments, showing images, image retrieval, database management, system maintenance and help, all of them were developed with the form of windows. The system could collect images not only from image-grabber card in real-time but also from scanner, digital camera, clipboard and files. After utilizing the image compression technology, the images will be saved in database along with experiment instruction. With all the features referred above, the system can used as a wonderful assistant both for the teaching of genetics experiment and for the students’ learning by themselves.