A trans10-18:1 enriched fraction from beef fed a barley grain-based diet induces lipogenic gene expression and reduces viability of HepG2 cells

Beef fat is a natural source of trans (t) fatty acids, and is typically enriched with either t10-18:1 or t11-18:1. Little is known about the bioactivity of individual t-18:1 isomers, and the present study compared the effects of t9-18:1, cis (c)9-18:1 and trans (t)-18:1 fractions isolated from beef fat enriched with either t10-18:1 (HT10) or t11-18:1 (HT11). All 18:1 isomers resulted in reduced human liver (HepG2) cell viability relative to control. Both c9-18:1 and HT11were the least toxic, t9-18:1had dose response increased toxicity, and HT10 had the greatest toxicity (P<0.05). Incorporation of t18:1 isomers was 1.8–2.5 fold greater in triacylglycerol (TG) than phospholipids (PL), whereas Δ9 desaturation products were selectively incorporated into PL. Culturing HepG2 cells with t9-18:1 and HT10 increased (P<0.05) the Δ9 desaturation index (c9–16:1/16:0) compared to other fatty acid treatments. HT10 and t9-18:1 also increased expression of lipogenic genes (FAS, SCD1, HMGCR and SREBP2) compared to control (P<0.05), whereas c9-18:1 and HT11 did not affect the expression of these genes. Our results suggest effects of HT11 and c9-18:1 were similar to BSA control, whereas HT10 and t-9 18:1 (i.e. the predominant trans fatty acid isomer found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) were more cytotoxic and led to greater expression of lipogenic genes.     

Mapping and analyzing the human liver proteome: progress and potential

Introduction: The liver is an important organ in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Progress in the Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) has improved understanding of the liver and the liver cancer proteome.

Areas covered: Here, we summarize the recent progress in liver proteome modification profiles, proteomic studies in liver cancer, proteomic study in the search for novel liver cancer biomarkers and drug targets, and progress of the Chromosome Centric Human Proteome Project (CHPP) in the past five years in the Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (IBS) of Fudan University.

Expert commentary: Recent advances and findings discussed here provide great promise of improving the outcome of patients with liver cancer.     

参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床疗效

目的:探讨参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床疗效及对肝功能和炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2014年3月至2015年8月在我院接受治疗的120例急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例患者,对照组给予布地奈德治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予参麦注射液治疗,观察两组患者的临床疗效、症状消失时间、肝功能及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-6和IL-8炎性细胞因子的变化。结果:治疗组的总有效率为95.00%显著高于对照组的83.00%,差异有统计学意义(X~2=-4.227,P=0.039)。治疗组的哮鸣音、湿罗音、咳嗽和气喘消失时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.005)。治疗组的肝功能ALT、AsT和GGT明显改善,炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平下降明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.005)。结论:参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎疗效确切,可以有效缩短患者的症状消失时间,改善肝功能,减轻炎症反应,值得临床推广应用。     

PTVE 与TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血 的疗效比较

目的:研究经皮胃底曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)和经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取2001年4月到2015年4月我院肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂患者169例,根据手术方式分为PTVE组(行PTVE治疗)141例和TIPS组(行TIPS治疗)28例,比较两组术前、术后门静脉压力,术前、术后3个月、6个月以及1年两组Child-Pugh评分、白蛋白以及直接胆红素,并比较两组再出血和肝性脑病发生率。结果:TIPS组术后门静脉压力较术前显著降低,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),术后PTVE组及TIPS组组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术前和术后各时间直接胆红素无统计学意义(P0.05);PTVE组术后1年白蛋白水平显著升高,与术前和TIPS组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),TIPS组术后白蛋白有所升高,但各时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),PTVE组术后各时间Child-Pugh评分较术前明显改善,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),TIPS组术后3个月和术后6个月Child-Pugh评分较术前明显改善,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后再出血发生率比较无统计学意义(P0.05),PTVE组肝性脑病发生率显著低于TIPS组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PTVE和TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血效果相当,TIPS能显著降低门静脉压,PTVE能降低肝性脑病的发生率,改善患者Child-Pugh评分。     

自噬在肝脏蛋白质和脂质代谢中的作用

自噬是一个通过降解细胞组分如细胞器和蛋白质等以维持细胞存活和功能的重要的溶酶体途径。肝脏作为新陈代谢的中枢器官,肝脏高度依赖于自噬以发挥正常功能并防止疾病发展。肝细胞自噬的改变参与肝损伤,脂肪肝等肝病的病理变化,以自噬为靶点寻求治疗各种肝病的方法已成为热点研究领域,但自噬在肝脏蛋白质和脂质代谢中的作用极其机制尚不清楚。本文对自噬在肝脏蛋白质和脂质代谢中的作用的最新进展进行综述。     

Negative regulation of the hepatic fibrogenic response by suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is an indispensable regulator of IFNγ signaling and has been implicated in the regulation of liver fibrosis. However, it is not known whether SOCS1 mediates its anti-fibrotic functions in the liver directly, or via modulating IFNγ, which has been implicated in attenuating hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, it is possible that SOCS1 controls liver fibrosis by regulating hepatic stellate cells (HSC), a key player in fibrogenic response. While the activation pathways of HSCs have been well characterized, the regulatory mechanisms are not yet clear. The goals of this study were to dissociate IFNγ-dependent and SOCS1-mediated regulation of hepatic fibrogenic response, and to elucidate the regulatory functions of SOCS1 in HSC activation. Liver fibrosis was induced in Socs1^−/−Ifng^−/− mice with dimethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride. Ifng^−/− and C57BL/6 mice served as controls. Following fibrogenic treatments, Socs1^−/−Ifng^−/− mice showed elevated serum ALT levels and increased liver fibrosis compared to Ifng^−/− mice. The latter group showed higher ALT levels and fibrosis than C57BL/6 controls. The livers of SOCS1-deficient mice showed bridging fibrosis, which was associated with increased accumulation of myofibroblasts and abundant collagen deposition. SOCS1-deficient livers showed increased expression of genes coding for smooth muscle actin, collagen, and enzymes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix, namely matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Primary HSCs from SOCS1-deficient mice showed increased proliferation in response to growth factors such as HGF, EGF and PDGF, and the fibrotic livers of SOCS1-deficient mice showed increased expression of the Pdgfb gene. Taken together, these data indicate that SOCS1 controls liver fibrosis independently of IFNγ and that part of this regulation may occur via regulating HSC proliferation and limiting growth factor availability.     

肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病的疗效及对患者预后和肝功能的影响

目的:探讨肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病的疗效及对患者预后和肝功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月-2018年5月期间我院收治的肝包虫病患者103例为研究对象,所有患者根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=51,行外膜内完整外囊摘除术)和B组(n=52,行肝切除手术),比较两组患者围术期临床指标、肝功能指标、并发症发生情况,随访半年,记录两组患者随访期间死亡及原位复发情况。结果:B组术中出血量少于A组,手术时间、术后拔管时间以及住院时间均短于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者术后3 d、术后7 d谷丙转氨酶、胆红素以及谷草转氨酶均升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后3 d、术后7 d白蛋白降低,但B组高于A组(P0.05);与术后3 d比较,两组患者术后7d谷丙转氨酶、胆红素以及谷草转氨酶均降低,白蛋白升高(P0.05)。B组术后并发症总发生率为7.69%(4/52),低于A组的23.52%(12/51),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组随访期间无患者死亡,原位复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肝切除手术治疗肝包虫病患者安全有效,可减少术中出血量,促进患者术后康复,减轻手术对肝功能的影响,且术后复发率较低,患者预后较好。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术与药物保守治疗对Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者肝肾功能、炎性因子以及预后的影响

目的:比较覆膜支架腔内修复术与药物保守治疗对Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效及对患者肝肾功能、炎性因子及预后的影响。方法:选择2012年1月～2014年8月我院收治的Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者68例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,各34例。对照组入院后采取药物保守治疗,研究组应用覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗。观察两组住院期间死亡率、再次手术或介入率以及治疗前、治疗2周后肝肾功能、血清炎性因子变化。所有患者随访36个月,比较两组患者预后情况。结果:研究组再次手术或介入率为2.94%,低于对照组的22.58%(P0.05)。治疗2周后,研究组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、胱抑素C、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前降低(P0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者均随访36个月,随访12个月时两组患者生存率分别为100.00%和80.65%,随访36个月时两组患者生存率分别为91.18%和29.03%,经Log Rank分析显示,两组生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效确切,能够改善患者肝肾功能,降低炎症反应,患者近中期随访生存率较高,其效果优于保守治疗。     

正肝化症方联合隔姜灸对原发性肝癌行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者肝功能和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨正肝化症方联合隔姜灸对原发性肝癌(PHC)行经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)患者肝功能和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年11月期间广东省第二人民医院收治的PHC患者121例,根据数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=60)和研究组(n=61),其中对照组予以TACE治疗,研究组在对照组基础上予以正肝化症方联合隔姜灸治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、生活质量及肝功能、免疫功能指标水平,记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组治疗后临床总有效率为75.41%(46/61),高于对照组患者的56.67%(34/60)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);CD8~+较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后健康调查简表(SF-36)评分较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:正肝化症方联合隔姜灸辅助TACE治疗PHC患者,疗效确切,可有效改善患者肝功能以及免疫功能,提高患者生活质量,减少不良反应发生率。     

Health status of the lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) subject to different anthropogenic pressures

The terrestrial lizard Podarcis siculus is the most abundant reptile in Italy, where is considered a ubiquitous species. This lizard is widely distributed from the islands to the Apennines, from cultivated fields to anthropized areas such as gardens and city parks. For this reason, these animals are exposed to extensive physical and chemical stresses, as well as to the possibility of coming into contact with industrial pollutants and substances used in agricultural practices. Here, we review the health status of lizard specimens inhabiting natural non-anthropized areas and fields devoted to organic farming, considering the condition of (1) liver, representing the main detoxifying organ, directly influenced by feeding, and (2) gonads, essential for reproduction and, therefore, for the survival of the species. The morphological and biomolecular condition of these organs was then compared with those obtained from lizard specimens experimentally treated with nonylphenol, a co-formulant of many insecticides and plant protection products widely used in conventional farming, known to have harmful estrogenic effects. Taken together, data demonstrate that lizards inhabiting manured soil are in good health status and show a regular morphology of liver, testis, and ovary. Animals are found to be less exposed to the toxic heavy metals cadmium and lead if compared with specimens collected in areas not devoted to agriculture, but probably more exposed to vehicular traffic. However, manure, as well as nonylphenol, exerts a xeno-estrogenic effect, particularly evident in male specimens, more sensitive to estrogenic contamination.