中国樟科木姜子属植物纪要

描述一新种即沧源木姜子Litsea cangyuanensis J．Li et H．W．Li;一中国新纪录种白叶木姜子L．albescens（Hook．f．）D．G．Long;3个新异名：大叶木姜子L．chunii Cheng var．longipedicellata Yang f．latifolia Yang归并到高山木姜子L．chunii Cheng,狭叶桂北木姜子M．subcoriacea Yang et P．H．Huang val．stenophylla Yang et P．H．Huang归并入桂北木姜子L．subcoriacea Yang et P．H．Huang,狭叶华南木姜子L．greenmaniana Allen val．angustifolia Yang et P．H．Huang归入华南木姜子L．greenmaniana Allen;思茅木姜子L．szemaois（H．Liou）J．Li et H．W．Li作为新等级提升为种;并对秃净木姜子L．kingii Hook．f．与山鸡椒L．cubeba（Lour．）Pers．两者间的差异进行澄清,对台湾产的黄肉树应采用L．hypophaea Hayata和广西产的蜂窝木姜子应采用L．foveola Kosterm．进行了讨论。一个新名称：L．sinoglobosa J．Li et H．W．Li替代同名的L．globosa Yang et P．H．Huang。     

樟科豺皮樟基名考证

Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen作为豺皮樟学名被广泛使用,而lozoste rotundifolia var．oblongi-folia Nees则长期被认为是其基名,经研究发现Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen的基名是Actinodaphne chinensis var．oblongifolia Nees。     

杨叶木姜子果实的挥发油成分分析

本文采用GC-MS联用技术确定了杨叶木姜子Litsea populifolia(Hemsl.)Gamble果实挥发油的21种化学成分及相对含量,主要有：β-柠檬醛(β-citral)、α-柠檬醛(α-citral)、柠檬烯(limonene)、l,8-桉叶素(1,8-cinceole)、橙花醇(nerol)等,并与同属植物山鸡椒Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers的化学成分做了比较。     

广西弄岗五桠果叶木姜子群落结构特征与种群动态

1980年和2001年分别对弄岗国家级自然保护区的五桠果叶木姜子(Litsea dilleniifolia P.Y.Pai et P.H.Huang)群落进行了较为详细的调查和分析.结果表明,五桠果叶木姜子群落层次结构完整,植物种类丰富.2次调查结果显示,在600 m2的样方内共有维管植物50科86属102种,五桠果叶木姜子的重要值分别达到141.6和108.4,在主林层中的优势非常明显.种群大小级结构及其分布格局的分析结果表明,五桠果叶木姜子种群属介于稳定型和衰退型种群之间的成熟型种群,整个种群呈集群分布.在分析造成五桠果叶木姜子濒危原因的基础上,提出拯救和扩大其种群的基本途径.     

Geographic variation in oviposition choice of a leaf beetle: the relationship between host plant ranking, specificity, and motivation

The degree of adaptation of herbivorous insects to their local flora is an important component of the evolutionary processes that lead to host plant specialization in insects. In this study we investigated geographic variations in the oviposition preference of the leaf beetle Oreina elongata Suffrian (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysolini) in relation to differences in host plant specialization, in the field. We focused on the mechanisms of host choice and asked whether potential differences among populations are due to variations in host plant ranking and/or host plant specificity. We performed a combination of simultaneous choice and sequential no‐choice experiments with two of the major host plants of the beetle [Cirsium spinosissimum (L.) and Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) (Asteraceae)]. The results suggested that spatial variation in host plant specialization has resulted in differences between populations in some aspects of the oviposition choice of O. elongata, while other aspects seem unaffected. We found no variation in host plant ranking among populations, as estimated in simultaneous choice tests. In contrast, the sequential no‐choice test indicated that host plant specificity was lower in a population that never encountered the highest ranked plant in the field. This finding agreed with our expectations, and we discuss our results in relation to the commonly used hierarchical threshold model. The results suggested that the mechanism for the differences in specificity is the variation among populations in the general motivation to oviposit, rather than quantitative differences in relative preference for the two hosts. We stress that it is essential to establish which of the two mechanisms is most important, as it will affect the probability of evolutionary change in host plant ranking.     

一个超矮秆核质杂种小麦的初步研究

在用普通小麦对长穗偃麦草(Etytrigia elongata=Agropyron elongatum,2n=70)的核代换回交过程中,在BC_9F_1发现了一个超矮秆核质杂种小麦,株高35厘米左右,定名为小偃矮。细胞学观察和与普通小麦正反杂交的遗传分析,证明:(1) 小偃矮是一个异源胞质单体附加系(21″W+1′Ag);(2) 长穗偃麦草细胞质和附加的外来染色体没有携带矮秆基因;(3) 矮秆遗传主要受细胞核内一对显性矮化基因控制。     

长江上游江津江段长薄鳅种群参数和资源量评估

长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)为长江上游特有种,由于过度捕捞和大坝建设,其种群生存受到极大威胁,已被《中国物种红色名录》列为易危物种。为了解三峡工程蓄水后该物种的种群动态,利用2007~2009年三峡库区以上江津江段的渔获量和体长频率数据评估了其生长和死亡参数、资源量及资源利用。长江上游江津江段长薄鳅体长范围为76~480 mm,体重范围为5~2 002 g,平均体长为(158.7±54.8)mm,平均体重为(72.4±148.8)g。优势体长组为90~210 mm,约占总数的77.9%(n=277)。长薄鳅体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)幂函数关系为:W=7.28×10﹣6L3.09(R~2=0.95,P0.01,n=277)。由体长频率法拟合出长薄鳅渐近体长(L_∞)为555 mm,生长系数(k)为0.17/a。由Pauly经验公式估算出其自然死亡系数(M)为0.37。由长度转渔获物曲线估算出其总死亡系数(Z)为1.23。江津江段长薄鳅资源开发率为0.70,超过了其资源最大开发率0.43,表明其资源已过度开发。由体长结构实际种群分析估算出江津江段2007、2008和2009年长薄鳅年资源量分别为2 544尾/km(0.75 t/km)、2 405尾/km(0.42 t/km)和7 245尾/km(1.63 t/km),平均4 065尾/km(0.93 t/km)。与以往研究相比,本研究记录到了长薄鳅的最大个体(体长480 mm);本研究估算的长薄鳅总死亡系数和资源开发率较高,可能与江津江段的捕捞强度较高有关。建议加强长薄鳅种群动态长期监测,采取禁渔、人工增殖放流等措施促进资源恢复。     

樟科木姜子属群的起源与演化

论述了樟科木姜子属群的起源与演化,认为该属群起源于古北大陆南部和古南大陆北部,以及古地中海周围热带地区,起源时间不早于中白垩纪。这一自然属群明显存在着平行进化情况,其核心的木姜子属和山胡椒属极可能是同地起源于共同祖先,我国南部至印度马来西亚可能是这两属的起源和分化中心,并从这里向热带美洲及大洋洲扩散。其余的属可能从这一核心演化出来。     

Stomatal conductance in relation to xylem sap abscisic acid concentrations in two tropical trees, Acacia confusa and Litsea glutinosa

Two tropical trees, Acacia confusa and Litsea glutinosa, were grown under controlled conditions with their roots subjected to soil drying and soil compaction treatments. In both species, a decline in stomatal conductance resulting from soil drying took place much earlier than the decline of leaf water potential. Soil compaction treatment also resulted in a substantial decrease in stomatal conductance but had little effect on leaf water potential. A rapid and substantial increase in xylem abscisic acid (ABA) concenation ([ABA]), rather than hulk leaf ABA, was closely related to soil drying and soil compaction. A significant relationship between stomatal conductance (g_s) and xylem [ABA] was observed in both species. Artificially feeding ABA solutions to excised leaves of both species showed that the relationship bet ween g_s and [ABA] was very similar to that obtained from the whole plant, i.e. the relationship between g_s and xylem [ABA]. These results suggest that xylem ABA may act as a stress signal in the control of stomatal conductance.     

兰考泡桐生物量积累规律的定量研究

对农桐复合经营兰考泡桐的干物质生产、积累和归还规律的系统研究表明,兰考泡桐生物量随树龄增大而增加,生物量在各器官的分配比例依次为：树干＞树枝＞树根＞树叶＞花;兰考泡桐年干物质生产主要集中在５～７月,占全年干物质生产总量的７７．３％;兰考泡桐凋落物绝大部分为落叶,占凋落物总量的８７．１％,凋落伴随年生长季节的全过程,且每年出现两次高峰;兰考泡桐干物质积累主要发生在５～７月,占全年干物质积累总量的７２．７％;兰考泡桐全生育期的干物质归还率为３３．７３％．