Natural anti-HIV agents-part I: (+)-demethoxyepiexcelsin and verticillatol from Litsea verticillata

The eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, verticillatol (1), as well as the lignan, (+)-5'-demethoxyepiexcelsin (2), and a known lignan, (+)-epiexcelsin (3), were isolated from Litsea verticillata Hance. Lignan 2 showed moderate anti-HIV activity with an IC(50) value of 16.4 microg/ml (42.7 microM), while the known lignan 3 was inactive up to a concentration of 20 microg/ml (48.3 microM). Compound 1 demonstrated weak activity with an IC(50) value of 34.5 microg/ml (144.7 microM) while being devoid of cytotoxicity at 20 microg/ml. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration of the new sesquiterpenoid was determined by the generation of Mosher esters.     

鳓形态指标体系分析及雌雄鉴别模型

对鳓的形态指标体系进行了主成分分析和R-聚类分析．鳓的形态指标大体可归纳为“大小因子”、“形态因子”和“头型因子”;关于“肥瘦”方面、“长度”方面和“头部”的指标各自的相关较为密切,而这三类指标间的相关较小．在此分析基础上,构建了48个相对指标,并用逐步判别建立了雌雄判别模型,此模型回判的错判率为8．9％．     

抗条锈病小偃麦双体异附加系山农87074-519的鉴定

综合利用抗性接种鉴定、细胞学分析、SSR分子标记和基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术相结合的方法,对从长穗偃麦草与小麦复合杂交后代中选育的抗条锈病种质系山农87074-519进行了鉴定。结果表明,山农87074-519的根尖细胞染色体数目2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMCMI)绝大多数细胞内可观察到22个二价体,平均染色体构型2n=44=21.82Ⅱ 0.36Ⅰ,它与普通小麦中国春杂种F1的多数花粉母细胞内染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ 1Ⅰ,因此它是1个附加了1对长穗偃麦草染色体的双体异附加系;以假鹅冠草St基因组总DNA作探针进行原位杂交发现山农87074-519的44条染色体中有2条出现黄绿色杂交信号,且杂交信号遍布整条染色体,证明其附加的长穗偃麦草染色体为St基组;利用SSR分子标记技术,在170对SSR引物中筛选出特异引物BARC165,它能稳定地在山农87074-519中扩增出长穗偃麦草特异标记BARC165268;将长穗偃麦草中BARC165的特异扩增片段克隆测序后制备成探针进行原位杂交,可在山农87074-519的间期染色体和有丝分裂中期染色体检测到杂交信号。山农87074-519综合农艺性状较好,对条锈病免疫,其抗性基因为显性,且位于附加的长穗偃麦草St基组染色体上,暂将其表示为YrSt。该种质系在小麦的遗传改良中具有重要利用价值。     

Detection of Mycoplasmalike Organism of Paulownia Witches′-Broom with DAPI Fluorescence Microscopy

Paulownia witches’-broom infected by mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) has been developed several cytochemical methods for diagnosis. These methods all based on the special stain reactions or abnormal fluorescence in groups of infected sieve elements as a diseased symptom,. not really on the direct detection of MLO under light microscope. This paper deals with the demonstration of MLO specific white fluorescence after DAPI staining with GMA sections of diseased young stems. Such fluorescence was absent in sections from health plants. The results were confirmed by the ulrrastrueture of MLO and the structure of sieve elements showing from PAS-TBO stained GMA sections. The described method may not only be used in accurate diagnosis of MLO diseased in different plants, but is also worth in the studies of MLO distribution in plants, MLO dynamics in plant resting stage and MLO transmission to support the theoretical basis for protection.     

Phenolic Compounds in the Embryo Development of Several Northern Hemisphere Fucoids

Abstract: Light and electron microscopy were used to study the involvement of phenolic compounds in the early development of the Northern Hemisphere fucoids, Fucus serratus (L.), Fucus spiralis (L.) and Himanthalia elongata (L.) S. F. Gray. Phenolic compounds, packaged within physodes are a major cytoplasmic component of brown algae. Physodes accumulate at the zygote periphery early in development and are secreted into the primary zygote wall. At germination, physodes accumulate at the rhizoid tip. Physodes, together with other wall components, contribute to the development of the cell plate. Good evidence already exists for the involvement of phenolic compounds in the development of Southern Hemisphere fucoids, and this study shows that phenolics play a similar role in the Northern Hemisphere. Consequently, their perceived role as herbivore deterrents in Northern Hemisphere species may be a consequence of their role in wall construction.     

In vitro propagation of Litsea cubeba (Lours.) Pers., a multipurpose tree

 A rapid clonal propagation system has been developed for Litsea cubeba. Following investigation of a range of cytokinins and a variety of explant sources (shoot tip, node, leaf and petiole) it was established that 6-benzyladenine with shoot tip explants gave optimal multiple-shoot induction. In vitro rooting on growth-regulator-free medium was possible and over 100 plantlets were successfully weaned to the glasshouse. Received: 11 July 1996 / Revision received: 24 December 1996 / Accepted: 22 March 1999     

山苍子油体外抗申克孢子丝菌的实验研究

目的探讨山苍子油对申克孢子丝菌的体外抗菌活性及其作用机理。方法纸片扩散法定性检测山苍子油对申克孢子丝菌的体外抗菌活性,CLSI-M27-A微量液基稀释法定量检测其对14株临床分离申克孢子丝菌(包括固定型和淋巴管型各7株)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),以氟康唑作为质控药物。电镜观察山苍子油作用前后申克孢子丝菌超微结构的改变。结果纸片扩散法1周后可见清晰的抑菌环,山苍子油对皮肤固定型株和皮肤淋巴管型株的MIC范围均为156.25～1250μg/ml,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。电镜观察显示山苍子油作用24h后申克孢子丝菌的菌丝干枯、断裂,孢子壁疏松、碎裂;胞膜及胞壁结构模糊,胞浆皱缩,细胞器及细胞核结构模糊。结论山苍子油对临床分离的皮肤型孢子丝菌有较强的抗菌活性,且其对固定型株和淋巴管型株的抗菌活性无显著性差异。电镜结果提示山苍子油可能通过破坏菌胞膜,影响其通透性,进而扰乱细胞正常代谢而起到抗菌作用。     

濒危植物长序榆(Ulmus elongata)幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的初步研究

用Li-6400XT便携式光合作用仪对濒危植物长序榆幼苗的各叶绿素荧光参数的日变化和快速光响应曲线进行了测定。结果发现,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、电子传递速率(ETR)在整个白天阶段较稳定,下午18:00显著下降。光化学淬灭(qP)先增大后减小。非光化学淬灭(NPQ)呈现出与光化学淬灭(qP)相反的变化趋势,中午最低,说明长序榆幼苗光能利用率较高。快速光曲线表明实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭(qP)随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增大而减小,电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增大而增大。使用幂函数能够很好的拟合实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和电子传递速率(ETR)随光强的变化,而对数函数能较好的拟合实际光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)随光强的变化。     

苹果、杨树等林木根系浸取物对小麦生长的潜在影响

 从化学生态学的角度,了解树木根系对农作物生长的影响,针对泡桐树(Paulownia elongata)、苹果树(Malus pumila)、桃树(Prunus persica)和杨树(Populus canadensis)进行了实验。本文给出了实验结果。实验表明,泡桐根、苹果根、杨树根和桃树根的水浸液抑制小麦的种子萌发,抑制强度依次为;桃根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐根。树根水浸液同样抑制小麦幼苗根伸长。其作用强度为：杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。根水浸液再用乙醚萃取,乙醚萃取液表现了更为明显的对小麦早期根和苗发育的抑制作用。抑制能力为：桃树根>杨树根>苹果树根>泡桐树根。苹果树根的根皮苷在土壤中或水中可依次降解产生根皮素,对羟基氢化肉桂酸,对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚。以此为例,取化学试剂对羟基苯甲酸和间苯三酚进行小麦种子萌发和早期发育试验。结果表明,当化合物浓度为1×10-2M时,可抑制小麦种子萌发和生长。在实验样地的土壤中检出了对羟基苯甲酸,这表明存在林木根系产生化学物质而影响作物生长的可能性。本文还分析了不利影响发生的条件.