豺皮樟叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC－MS联用技术从豺皮樟（Litsea rotundifolia var.oblongifolia)叶挥发油中分离和鉴定了27个化合物,占挥发油总量的88．75％,其中主要成分是十二烷酸（43．68％）,肉豆蔻酸（14．61％）,十一烷酸（4．70％）,棕榈酸（4．15％）。     

主要气候、土壤因素对兰考泡桐生长影响的初步研究

本文借助树木气候学,树木年代学的研究方法,经典林木研究手段和个体生态学理论相结合,对兰考泡桐进行了初步研究,结果发现,材积指数更能反映兰考泡桐生长和生态因素之间的关系,发现日照百分率、日照时数、≥10℃积温、土壤质地、土层深度和土壤肥力等因素对兰考泡桐生长影响较大,另外还对兰考泡桐速生条件进行了较为广泛的讨论,证明兰考泡桐在黄淮海平原中部大有发展前途,农桐间作、农田林网是一种合理的群落类型。     

木姜子属化学成分研究概况

木姜子属植物含有生物碱、挥发油、脂肪酸等多种化学成分,本文对其化学成分的研究作一综述,为植物资源的研究和开发提供参考。     

不同种源/家系山鸡椒苗期生长性状遗传变异

为筛选苗期表现优良的山鸡椒[Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers.]种源/家系,对其13个种源55个家系的苗高(h)、地径(bd)性状进行遗传变异分析。结果表明,山鸡椒1年生苗木生长期可分为生长初期、速生期和完全木质化期,苗高、地径生长不同步。山鸡椒不同种源、家系间的苗高、地径生长量均存在极显著差异(P0.01)。利用综合选择指数法建立综合选择式为I=0.007Xh+0.74Xbd,建阳2号、富阳1号、遂昌8号、遂昌13号和岳西1号等5个家系优良度为I级,入选率为9.1%。浙江富阳和福建建阳2个种源的苗高、胸径期望遗传增益值最高;建阳2号、遂昌8号、富阳1号、遂昌13号、岳西1号、建阳3号、岳西6号等7个家系的苗高、胸径期望遗传增益最高。因此,依据生长性状综合选择和遗传增益表现,选择出建阳2号、富阳1号、遂昌8号,遂昌13号,岳西1号5个家系以及浙江富阳和福建建阳2个种源为优良家系/种源。     

小麦×长穗偃麦草的受精和早期胚胎发育

用石蜡切片法,对小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）和长穗偃麦草（Ｅｌｙｔｒｉｇｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ）杂交的受精和早期胚胎发育进行了观察。结果表明,长穗偃麦草花粉在小麦柱头上萌发良好,花粉管可顺利长入花柱和胚囊。观察的１７０个小麦子房中,１７６５％发生了双受精,产生了胚和胚乳;９４１％发生了单卵受精,只产生胚而无胚乳;４７１％发生了单极核受精,只产生胚乳而无胚;总受精率为３１７７％;成胚率为２７０６％。由于胚乳的缺乏或发育异常及败育,最终难以获得有生活力的种子。为小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交提供了细胞胚胎学证据。     

The biosynthesis of ectoine

Abstract The biosynthetic pathway of the novel compatible solute ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid) was studied in the two extremely halophilic eubacteria Ectothiorhodospira halochloris and Halomonas elongata . The pathway starts with the phosphorylation of l -aspartate and shares its first two enzymatic steps with the biosynthesis of amino acids of the aspartate family: aspartokinase and l -aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Evidence is presented for the presence of the enzymes l -diaminobutyric acid transaminase and l -diaminobutyric acid acetyl transferase and for the new enzyme the ring-forming ectoine synthase.     

Morphology and morphogenesis of a new marine hypotrichous ciliate (Protozoa,Ciliophora, Pseudoamphisiellidae), including a report on the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The morphology and morphogenesis of a new marine hypotrichous ciliate Pseudoamphisiella elongata sp. nov. isolated from mussel‐farming waters near Qingdao, China, are described based on living and protargol‐impregnated specimens. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its known congeners by its elongate body shape, narrow oral field, having fewer dorsal kineties and caudal cirri, more marginal cirri, and differentiated pretransverse cirri. The identification as a new species is firmly supported by the sequences of the small subunit ribosomal rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene, compared with other known Pseudoamphisiella species, and the phylogenetic analysis. The morphogenetic characteristics can be summarized as follows: (1) the parental adoral zone of membranelles and undulating membranes are entirely rebuilt by the oral primordium, which develops de novo in the outermost region of the cortex; (2) the oral primordium in the opisthe and the frontoventral–transverse (FVT) anlagen in both dividers are formed independently on the cell surface; (3) an ‘extra’ marginal anlage originates to the right of the right marginal anlage, and develops into two or three ‘extra’ marginal cirri; (4) the FVT anlagen develop in the primary mode, and the last FVT streak contributes two migratory cirri (frontoterminal cirri), which are probably resorbed; (5) the right marginal anlagen in both dividers occur close together, independent of the old structure. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 158 , 231–243.     

Transposon mutagenesis in halophilic eubacteria: conjugal transfer and insertion of transposon Tn5 and Tn1732 in Halomonas elongata

Abstract Molecular genetic studies of halophilic eubacteria have been limited by the lack of a suitable method for mutagenesis. To overcome this, we established a transposon mutagenesis procedure for the ectoine-producing, halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata . We used suicide plasmids pSUP101 and pSUP102-Gm to introduce the transposons Tn5 and Tn7732 respectively into H. elongata via Escherichia coli SM10 mediated conjugation. Our finding that H. elongata is sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics at low salinity enabled us to apply transposons that mediate kanamycin resistance. The insertions of transposon In 1732 occurred at different sites in the chromosome of H. elongata , as proved by Southern hybridization analysis. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different auxotrophic and salt sensitive mutants were generated by mutagenesis with transposon Tn 1732 . To our knowledge this is the first report of a successful application of a transposon for direct generalized mutagenesis in a halophilic eubacterium.     

山鸡椒雄花花芽发育形态解剖特征观察

采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜和石蜡切片技术对山鸡椒（Litsea cubeba（Lour.） Pers.）雄花花芽分化发育的外部形态和内部解剖结构进行了观察研究。结果显示:（1）山鸡椒雄花花芽分化发生可分为5个时期,即未分化期、花序原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、花原基分化期和花器官分化期,其中花器官分化期又可细分为花被原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期和雌蕊原基分化期;各相邻分化时期存在一定重叠现象;花期从翌年1月上旬至3月下旬。（2）雄花成熟结构中具有独特的雄蕊蜜腺,蜜腺绿色且形态不规则,着生于内轮雄蕊基部,分布于花丝两侧,夹在内外轮雄蕊的花丝之间,与内轮花丝紧密相连。（3）雄蕊花药四室,花药壁发育属于基本型;腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胞质分裂属于连续型;成熟花粉为2-细胞花粉粒;成熟花粉粒外壁刺突较多,刺突基部膨大,外壁露出部分粗糙,无薄壁区,有少数小穿孔。（4）山鸡椒雄花中绝大多数雌蕊发育至腹缝线卷合形成子房室时停止,柱头发育不良或者败育,花柱缩短或缺失,不能受精,直到开花结束,即发生退化。本研究明确了山鸡椒雄花花芽发育发生各个阶段时间、形态变化特点及外部形态变化特征,山鸡椒小孢子发生、雄配子体发育至散粉期变化特点和规律以及雄花中退化雌蕊发育的进程,可为山鸡椒优良品种选育、调控花期和提高结实率提供一定的参考。     

樟科植物上柄锈菌属一新种

本文报告了采自湖南张家界黄丹木姜子 Ｌｉｔｓｅａ ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ． ｅｘ Ｎｅｅｓ） Ｂｅｎｔｈ·＆ Ｈｏｏｋ ｆ上的柄锈菌属一新种,即王氏柄锈菌Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｉａ　ｗａｎｇｉａｎａ　Ｊ．Ｙ．Ｚｈｕａｎｇ　＆　Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｗｅｒ文中对新种作了拉丁文描述并附了孢子形态的线条图,讨论了新种与近似种的主要区别。模式标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆（ＨＭＡＳ）。