LESSARDIA ELONGATA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (DINOFLAGELLATA,PERIDINIALES, PODOLAMPACEAE) AND THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE GENUS ROSCOFFIA1

We investigate an organism that closely resembles the nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate “Gymnodinium elongatum” Hope 1954 using EM and molecular methods. Cells are 20–35 μm long, 10 μm wide, biconical, transparent, and have a faint broad girdle. Thecal plates are thin but present (plate formula Po Pi CP 3′ 1–2A 5″ 3C 6S 4? 3″″). With the exception of one feature, the presence of three antapical plates, the amphiesmal arrangement of this species is consistent with that of the order Peridiniales, family Podolampaceae; it is not at all consistent with the characteristics of the genus Gymnodinium. On the basis of these ultrastructural findings, we establish a new genus, Lessardia, and a new species, Lessardia elongata Saldarriaga et Taylor. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using the small subunit rRNA genes of L. elongata as well as Roscoffia capitata, a member of a genus of uncertain systematic position that has been postulated to be related to the Podolampaceae. These analyses place Lessardia and Roscoffia as sister lineages within the so‐called GPP complex. Thecal plate arrangements led us to expand the family Podolampaceae to include the genus Lessardia and, in combination with new molecular results, to propose a close relationship between the Podolampaceae and Roscoffia. Within this lineage, Lessardia and Roscoffia appear to have retained a number of ancestral characters: Roscoffia still has a well‐developed cingulum, a feature absent in all members of the Podolampaceae, and Lessardia has more than one antapical plate, a character reminiscent of some members of the family Protoperidiniaceae.     

长薄鳅胚胎发育的观察

1999年5月,作者首次通过人工繁殖获得长薄鳅的受精卵,并对其胚胎发育特征进行了连续的观察。卵膜无粘性,吸水后卵周间隙明显膨胀扩大,卵膜径3.67-4.00 mm,平均3.79mm,属漂流性卵。胚胎发育可分为26个时期,初孵仔鱼长5.0mm左右,通体透明无色素。     

木姜子油细胞的发育解剖学研究

利用薄切片法对木姜子茎叶油细胞的发育以及油细胞分布的研究结果表明：油细胞最早发生于第一叶原基以及茎端皮层和髓的基本分生组织中,在未出现油细胞以痛,上述器官的基本分生组织和原分生组织,难以区分油细胞的原始细胞与周围细胞。当油细胞原始细胞呈现出体积较大,液泡化程度较低,细胞核大而明显的特征才明显可辩,以后经过液泡融合,油细胞成熟和油细胞细胞质解体阶段而成为一贮油的囊,油细胞中未出现杯形构造。叶和茎中,     

Construction and characterization of an NaCl-sensitive mutant of Halomonas elongata impaired in ectoine biosynthesis

Using transposon mutagenesis we generated a salt-sensitive mutant of the halophilic eubacterium Halomonas elongata impaired in the biosynthesis of the compatible solute ectoine. HPLC determinations of the cytoplasmic solute content showed the accumulation of a biosynthetic precursor of ectoine, l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Ectoine and hydroxyectoine were not detectable. This mutant failed to grow in minimal medium with NaCl concentrations exceeding 4%. However, when supplemented with organic osmolytes, the ability to grow in high-salinity medium (15% and higher) was regained. We cloned and sequenced the regions flanking the transposon insertion in the H. elongata chromosome. Sequence comparisons with known proteins revealed significant similarity of the mutated gene to the l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase from the ectoine biosynthetic pathway in Marinococcus halophilus. Analysis of a PCR product demonstrated that the ectoine biosynthetic genes (ectABC) follow the same order as in M. halophilus.     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取山苍子核仁油的研究

通过微波辅助提取技术结合响应面法优化山苍子核仁油提取条件,以期建立更高产率的提取方法。该研究在单因素设计基础上,选取液料比、微波功率、萃取时间、萃取温度4个主要因素,分析这4个因素对山苍子核仁油提取率的影响。结果表明:通过建立多元回归拟合分析,得出山苍子核仁油提取最佳工艺条件为液料比1∶16,萃取温度为69℃,微波功率为337 W,萃取时间为63 min,在此条件下山苍子核仁油提取率为37.42%,与环己烷溶剂回流法相比较提取率提高了30.11%。气质联用仪分析结果显示,山苍子核仁油主要成分有16种占总成分的88.21%,鉴定出10种脂肪酸占总成分的78.24%,饱和脂肪酸有4种占总成分的43.23%,不饱和脂肪酸有6种占总成分的35.01%,脂肪酸中含量最高的为月桂酸(31.36%)。该研究结果表明该方法严谨、可靠,采用微波辅助提取山苍子核仁油是可行的。     

福建东山岛海岸带潺槁树种群生命表分析

为揭示海岸带天然植被中潺槁树种群生命过程,对东山岛海岸带风积沙地潺槁树林进行调查和数据统计,通过编制种群生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析了其种群的年龄结构。结果表明,该种群的年龄结构呈反J分布型、属于增长型种群。其存活曲线介于Deevey-Ⅱ型和Deevey-Ⅲ型之间,呈现2个死亡高峰。4个生存函数值(生存率、积累死亡率、死亡密度、危险率)均说明该种群具有前期增长、后期稳定的特点。潺槁树是南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林优势种之一,对土壤、光的适应性强且生长迅速的一种优良前顶极种。研究结果对海岸带天然植被的恢复和重建提供了早期研究基础。     

樟科濒危植物思茅木姜子遗传多样性的ISSR分析

本文采用ISSR标记对中国特有且仅在云南南部狭域分布的樟科濒危植物思茅木姜子(Litseaszemaois)现存8个居群的遗传多样性进行了研究。从96条引物中筛选出了10条,对103个个体进行了扩增,共扩增出77条条带,其中多态性条带为67条。分析结果表明:(1)思茅木姜子的遗传多样性水平很高。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率PPB=87.01%,平均每个位点的有效等位基因数Ne=1.4006,Nei’s基因多样度指数H=0.2466,Shannon多样性信息指数Hsp=0.3826;在居群水平上,PPB=37.99%,Ne=1.2500,H=0.1418,Shannon多样性信息指数Hpop=0.2088。(2)居群间的遗传分化较低。基于Nei’s遗传多样性分析得出的居群间遗传分化系数Gst=0.3700;Shannon’s居群分化系数((Hsp–Hpop)/Hsp)为0.45。AMOVA分析显示:思茅木姜子的遗传变异主要存在于居群内,占总变异的72.99%,居群间的遗传变异占27.01%,表明思茅木姜子属于异交种。(3)两两居群间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)的范围为0.8233–0.9761。经Mantel检测,居群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间不存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.0925,P=0.6931)。我们推断人类活动的干扰和生境的片断化是导致思茅木姜子濒危现状的主要因素。考虑到目前其遗传多样性水平虽然很高,但各居群个体数量很少,因此应该对思茅木姜子各居群的所有个体实施及时的就地保护;而遗传变异大部分存在于居群内的个体间,所以在迁地保护时应在各居群内大量采样。     

Ultrastructural Studies on the Development of Oil Cells in Litsea pungens

The developmental process of oil cells in the shoot of Litsea pungens Hemsl. has been studied with transmission electron microscopy. According to the development of the three layers of cell wall, the developmental process could be divided into 4 stages. In stage 1, the cell wall consisted only of a primary (the outmost) cellulose layer, which might further be divided into two substages, the oil cell initial, and the vacuolizing oil cell. During this stage, there were some small electron translucent vesicles and dark osmiophilic droplets of variant sizes in the different-shaped plastids. It was observed that some dark and gray osmiophilic materials coalesced to vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In stage 2, a lamellated suberin layer accumulated inside the primary cellulose layer. In stage 3, a thicker and looser inner cellulose wall layer was formed gradually inside the suberin layer. Some dark osmiophilic droplets have been observed in this loose inner cellulose wall layer. The plasmodesmata were blocked up and became a special structure. Then, the big vacuole, which is the oil sac, was full of osmiophilic oil. In stage 4, the oil cell became matured and the cytoplasm disintegrated. The oil sac enveloped from plasmalemma was attached to the cupule, which was formed by the protuberance of the inner cellulose wall layer into the lumen. After the maturity of oil cell, the ground cytoplasm began to disintegrate and became electron opaque or exhibited in a disordered state, and the osmiophilic oil appeared light gray.