‘香槟’月季的组织培养和试管开花诱导

本文对‘香槟’月季（80sachinensis‘Xiangbin’）的组织培养技术和诱导试管开花进行了研究。结果表明：以茎段为外植体能诱导获得无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg-L-1＋IBA0．1mg·L-1,幼芽继代增殖的最佳培养基是MS＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1。＋IBA0．1～0．2mg·L-1,诱导生根的适宜培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg·L-1,生根率达80．0％。诱导试管开花的适宜培养基为MS＋6．BA0．5mg·L-1＋NAA0．1mg·L-1最适宜的诱导试管开花的蔗糖含量是30g·L-1;在三角瓶中培养,试管花可以正常开放,在培养瓶中培养花芽不能正常开放;MS培养基中增加2倍磷的含量,可以提高花芽诱导率,为25．O％;诱导试管开花的最适培养条件为温度21℃,光照强度80～100μmol·m-2．s-1,光照时间16h—d-1。     

Influence of an aqueous extract of Ligustrum lucidum and an ethanol extract of Schisandra chinensis on parameters of antioxidative metabolism and spleen lymphocyte proliferation of broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of two extracts, an aqueous extract of Ligustrum lucidum (AELL), and an ethanol extract of Schisandra chinensis (EESC) on growth performance, parameters of antioxidative status and spleen lymphocyte proliferation of broilers, respectively. The results showed that neither AELL nor EESC had significant effects on growth performance of broilers. However, malondialdehyde concentration in heart and liver of the broilers were significantly decreased by feeding AELL or EESC. Superoxide dismutase activity in heart, liver, and kidney of broilers were improved by feeding different dosages of AELL or EESC. In contrast, glutathione reductase activity in serum, heart and kidney of broilers was not affected by experimental treatment. In addition, spleen lymphocyte proliferation of broilers was significantly enhanced by feeding different dosages of AELL or EESC. In conclusion, the results suggested that either AELL or EESC may improve antioxidant status and immune function of broilers.     

Chromosome‐level genome assembly for the horned‐gall aphid provides insights into interactions between gall‐making insect and its host plant

The aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis is an economically important insect that can induce horned galls, which are valuable for the medicinal and chemical industries. Up to now, more than twenty aphid genomes have been reported. Most of the sequenced genomes are derived from free‐living aphids. Here, we generated a high‐quality genome assembly from a galling aphid. The final genome assembly is 271.52 Mb, representing one of the smallest sequenced genomes of aphids. The genome assembly is based on contig and scaffold N50 values of the genome sequence are 3.77 Mb and 20.41 Mb, respectively. Nine‐seven percent of the assembled sequences was anchored onto 13 chromosomes. Based on BUSCO analysis, the assembly involved 96.9% of conserved arthropod and 98.5% of the conserved Hemiptera single‐copy orthologous genes. A total of 14,089 protein‐coding genes were predicted. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. chinensis diverged from the common ancestor of Eriosoma lanigerum approximately 57 million years ago (MYA). In addition, 35 genes encoding salivary gland proteins showed differentially when S. chinensis forms a gall, suggesting they have potential roles in gall formation and plant defense suppression. Taken together, this high‐quality S. chinensis genome assembly and annotation provide a solid genetic foundation for future research to reveal the mechanism of gall formation and to explore the interaction between aphids and their host plants.     

Differential effect of schisandrin B and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB) on hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated mice

The effects of schisandrin B (Sch B), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB), a synthetic intermediate of schisandrin C (also a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative), on hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status in control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-intoxicated mice were examined. Treating mice with Sch B or DDB at a daily oral dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 d did not produce any significant alterations in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbital dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. CCl₄ treatment caused drastic increases in both plasma ALT and SDH activities in mice. Pretreating mice with Sch B or DDB at the same dosage regimen significantly suppressed the CCl₄-induced increase in plasma ALT activity, with the inhibitory effect of Sch B being much more potent. Sch B, but not DDB, pretreatment could also decrease the plasma SDH activity in CCl₄-intoxicated mice. The lowering of plasma SDH activity, indicative of hepatoprotection against CCl₄ toxicity, by Sch B pretreatment was associated with an enhancement in hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status as well as an increase in mitochondrial glutathione reductase (mtGRD) activity in both non-CCl₄ and CCl₄-treated mice. DDB pretreatment, though enhancing both hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status and mtGRD activity in control animals, did not produce any beneficial effect in CCl₄-treated mice. The difference in hepatoprotective action against CCl₄ toxicity between Sch B and DDB may therefore be related to their ability to maintain hepatic mitochondrial glutathione redox status under oxidative stress condition.     

中华猕猴桃若干株系的染色体数目

报道了中华猕猴桃１０个株系的染色体数目。所有株系均为２ｎ＝１１６,为四倍体。植物体被软毛,平均果重７１￣１００ｇ,果实开头圆形、椭圆形、扁圆形或圆锥形。原产地海拔５６０￣１０３５ｍ。     

大气CO2倍增对草原羊草的影响

羊草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）是亚洲东部草原地带性植被的优势植物之一。羊草群落在我国广泛分布于东北和内蒙古东部,是该地重要的放牧场和割草场。羊草已广为栽培并建立了人工草地,是家畜优质的饲料植物。关于在自然条件下草原地区羊草的生长发育节律、光合...     

羊草草原土壤动物群落多样性的研究

对东北羊草草原不同生境土壤动物群落多样性研究表明 ,生境条件愈优越 ,土壤动物的多样性指数愈高 ,种类则愈丰富 .土壤动物群落的多样性与土壤有机质和全N含量呈正相关 ,与 pH呈负相关 ,与土壤自然含水量和全P含量关系不明显 .土壤动物群落多样性随土层深度的增加而减少 ,且表聚性明显 .     

兰花蕉花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

兰花蕉花梗的维管束分散排列．子房基部的维管束排成两部分,外方为一轮大维管束环,中央为分散排列的小维管束区。前者的纸管束进入子房壁,后者进入子房的中轴,形成股座纸管束;及至延长都以后,股座维管束逐渐消失．子房壁上的维管束较易识别的有心皮背束、心皮背束伴束和隔膜束．三束心皮背束经延长部最终进入花柱和柱头．心皮背束指心皮背束务与其紧靠的大维管束,三枚心皮背束伴束最终分别进入三枚外轮雄蓝．三枚隔膜束中远轴面的两枚分别进入两校内轮雄蕊,而近轴面的一枚伴随着第六枚雄蓝的缺失最后进入唇瓣中央．子房壁其余的维管束进入延长部后,先向外分出一轮纸管束进入花幕,余下的中央部分排成一轮心形的线管来环．该环远轴面的维管束分为两半分别进入两枚侧生花瓣;近轴面即心形凹陷一侧初为两轮即外轮大的维管束与内轮小的维管束,后排成一轮并与近轴面的隔膜束一同进入唇瓣．兰花蕉的唇瓣既为花瓣成员,又含一枚缺失的雄蓝维管束,与姜目已报道的只来自退化雄蕊的竹芋科的兜状结构和美人蕉科、姜科、闭鞘姜科的唇瓣有明显区别．在旅人蕉科尚未有研究资料的情况下,作者根据已有资料,对姜目雄蕊维管束系统来源和结构进行比较,初步认为在姜目的系统演化上,兰花蕉科与芭蕉料更近．     

羊草根茎的贮藏碳水化合物及对氮素添加的响应

 为了研究氮素对羊草(Leymus chinensis)根茎碳水化合物贮藏的影响,在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站的羊草样地,设计了不同水平和不同时期的氮素添加试验。采用高效液相色谱（High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC）对羊草根茎中的贮藏性碳水化合物进行了测定。结果表明,羊草根茎中的贮藏碳水化合物组分包括果聚糖、甘露糖醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖。其中果聚糖是最主要贮藏碳水化合物,约占60%;其次是甘露糖醇,约占20%。氮素添加量对羊草根茎中的贮藏碳水化合物有显著影响。在0～17.5 g N·m－2范围内,随着氮素添加量的增加,碳水化合物总量、果聚糖、甘露糖醇的含量均逐渐升高。氮素添加时期对羊草根茎中的贮藏碳水化合物的含量亦有显著影响。在7月初添加氮素比4月份添加氮素更有利于贮藏碳水化合物的积累。 关键词     

四种沙埋深度对羊草种子出苗和幼苗生长的影响

模拟羊草种子自然埋藏深度状况,设计了0、1、2和3cm共4种沙埋深度实验,研究了其出苗率及幼苗生长对沙埋深度的响应。结果表明,羊草种子出苗率随埋深的增加呈下降趋势,0cm时出苗率最高为89.3%,1和2cm时分别为81.5%和78.5%,3cm时最低(73.5%),与前三者具有显著差异。埋深对地上株高生长动态的影响主要表现在,播种后25d,0～2cm处理的羊草幼苗地上株高均高于3cm处理;播种后36d,4种处理的地上株高没有显著差异。此外,随着埋深的增加,羊草幼苗的根长、根数、根冠比呈先上升后下降趋势,叶片数呈下降趋势,绝对株高则呈上升趋势。表明1～2cm沙埋深度更适宜于羊草种子出苗及幼苗生长,而0或3cm埋深不利于其出苗和幼苗生长。