三白草不同部位及鱼腥草挥发油成分的GC-MS比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对三白草不同部位及鱼腥草挥发油化学成分进行定性和定量分析。共分离鉴定出88个化合物,从三白草地上部分鉴定出36个,根茎中鉴定出31个,分别占挥发油总量的73.38%和95.53%,其中仅13个共有成分;从鱼腥草中鉴定出50个化合物,占挥发油总量的74.59%。三白草地上部分与根茎挥发油中化学成分含量和组成有明显差异,且均不含有甲基正壬酮。     

崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的观察和核型分析

以崇明水仙(Narcissus tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem.)根尖体细胞为实验材料,对适宜于崇明水仙细胞学研究的前处理液和前处理时间进行了筛选,在此基础上,应用根尖压片法对重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙体细胞染色体数、核型及倍性进行了比较分析.结果显示:适宜的前处理液是对二氯苯饱和溶液,适宜的前处理时间为12 h.重瓣花型和单瓣花型崇明水仙的染色体核型差异较小,相同点为:不对称二型核型,染色体基数x=10,三倍体,体细胞染色体数2n=3x=30,第7号染色体的短臂具随体,核型均属于"3B"型,臂比大于2的染色体比率为90%.不同点为:重瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为sm和st型,单瓣花型的第7号和第8号染色体分别为st和sm型;前者的核型不对称系数(76.48%)略小于后者(76.71%);前者的相对长度系数为12L+6M2+12S,后者的相对长度系数为12L+3M1+3M2+12S;前者的最长染色体与最短染色体长度的比值(3.10)略小于后者(3.19).重瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st+15sm(3SAT),单瓣花型的核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm,崇明水仙根尖体细胞染色体的平均核型公式为2n=3x=30=15st(3SAT)+15sm.根据研究结果初步推测崇明水仙为节段异源三倍体.     

秸秆浸提液漂浮栽培对不结球白菜产量及相关品质特性的影响

以1/4园试营养液为对照,以腐熟发酵的农业秸秆(苋菜和番茄植株残体)浸提液模拟富含N、P的水体进行不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino)的漂浮栽培,对茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量及叶片的VC、可溶性蛋白质、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及可溶性糖总含量进行了比较分析。结果表明:在24 d的栽培周期内,随生长时间的延长,处理组和对照组茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量均呈增加趋势,但从第10天开始,处理组茎叶的单株鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照组。栽培初期叶片VC含量均最高且处理组叶片VC含量显著低于对照组;从第10天开始,叶片VC含量降低,但处理组叶片VC含量与对照组无显著差异。处理组与对照组叶片可溶性蛋白质含量均呈波动的变化趋势,但总体差异不显著。处理组叶片蔗糖含量总体上与对照组差异不显著,仅在第24天显著低于对照组。处理组叶片的果糖含量均高于对照组,特别是在第24天为对照组的1.81倍,差异显著。叶片葡萄糖含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性糖总含量则呈波动的变化趋势,对照组叶片葡萄糖含量和可溶性糖总含量总体上高于处理组,但差异不显著。研究结果显示:用秸秆浸提液漂浮栽培,虽然不结球白菜的生长量(即产量)有所减少,但相关的品质指标变化不大,对果糖合成和积累还有一定的促进作用,因而,此种秸秆浸提液可用于栽培商品不结球白菜。     

Novel synthetic jasmonates as highly efficient elicitors for taxoid production by suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis

Suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis were used as a model plant cell system to evaluate novel synthetic jasmonates as elicitors for stimulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Significant increases in accumulation of taxuyunnanine C (Tc) were observed in the presence of newly synthesized 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (HEJA) and trifluoroethyl jasmonate (TFEJA) without their inhibition on cell growth. Addition of 100 microM HEJA or TFEJA on day 7 led to a high Tc content of 44.3 +/- 1.1mg/g or 39.7 +/- 1.1 mg/g (at day 21), while the Tc content was 14.0 +/- 0.1 mg/g and 32.4 +/- 1.6 mg/g for the control and that with addition of 100 microM methyl jasmonate (MJA), respectively. The superior stimulating ability of HEJA and TFEJA over MJA, which was generally considered as the best chemical for eliciting taxoid biosynthesis, suggests that the novel jasmonate analogues may have great potential in application to other cell culture systems for effcient elicitation of plant secondary metabolites.     

Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by 3beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid

3Beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (1), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis, was structurally very similar to ursolic acid, with the only difference being the interchange of the COOH and Me group at C(14) and C(17). Ursane-type triterpene with a COOH group at C(14) is present in a limited number of natural resources. Compound 1 was found to exhibit more distinctive cytotoxicity toward human cervical squamous carcinoma (HeLa) cells than ursolic acid, suggesting that the position of the COOH group significantly affects the cytotoxicity of ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenes with a COOH group. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanism responsible for the cytotoxicity of 1, we investigated its growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effect on HeLa cells. Compound 1 induced a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 6.80+/-0.88 microg/ml following 48 h incubation. The drug-treated HeLa cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics and formation of DNA ladders in agarose-gel electrophoresis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase by 1, and the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells treated for 48 h with 20 microg/ml of 1 was 21.08+/-2.14%. Also, 1 increased and decreased the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, respectively, and lowered the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi(m)). The peptidic caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO (NH2-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO, at 2 microM) could increase the viability of HeLa cells previously treated with 1. These results indicate that 1 induces efficient cell apoptosis through down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, up-regulating Bax expression, lowering delta psi(m), and by activating the caspase-3 pathway.     

Embryological Studies on Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis

Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis Roem) blooms but has no seeds.Embryological studies on the species were conducted to discover the causes of its sterility.Its anther wall is composed of four layers of cells,and its tapetum is of the secretory type.The cytokinesis of microspore mother cells is of the successive type,and the tetrad is tetrahedral.During meiosis of microspore mother cells,some chromosomes lagged,and several micronuclei were found in tetrads.Only 27.7% of the pollen grains contained full cytoplasm,and 1.3% of them germinated in culture medium.No pollen grain,however,could germinate on the stigma.The ovary is trilocular with axile placenta,and the ovules are bitegmic,tenuinucellate,and anatropous.Its embryo sac is of the polygonum type.Most embryo sacs degenerated,and only about 4.5% of the ovules contained a normal embryo sac with an egg cell,two synergids,three antipodal,and a central cell containing two polar nuclei.One reason for the sterility of Chinese narcissus is the abnormality of microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis,in which only a few functional pollen grains and embryo sacs are produced.The other reason is that the pollen grains cannot germinate on the stigma.     

Toxicological and biochemical characterizations of malathion sensitivity in two field populations of Oxya chinensis （Orthoptera： Acridoidea）

We evaluate comparative toxicity of malathion in the two populations of the grasshopper Oxya chinensis, collected from Daixian and Fanshi of Shanxi province, China. General esterases and acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） from the two populations were characterized and compared. LD50 of the Daixian population （7.58 μg/g body weight） was 2.02-fold higher than that of the Fanshi population （3.75μg/g body weight）. General esterase-specific activities in the Daixian population were 1.91,130 and 1.85-fold higher than those in the Fanshi population, when α-NA, α-NB and β-NA were used as a substrate, respectively. Kinetic studies of general esterase showed that Vmax values of general esterases hydrolyzing α-NA,α-NB and β-NA in the Daixian population were 2.15-, 1.12-, and 1.47-fold, respectively, higher than those in the Fanshi population. The AChE activity of the Fanshi population was 1.54-fold higher than that of the Daixian population. Kinetic analysis of AChE showed that significant differences were presented between the two populations in the Km values; and the Vmax value in the Fanshi population was higher than that in the Daixian population. Inhibition studies of AChE indicated that AChE from the Daixian population was 2.56-, 2.80-, and 2.29-fold less sensitive to inhibition by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos-oxon, and demeton-S-methyl, respectively, than that from the Fanshi population. These biochemical characterizations of general esterases and AChE were consistent with malathion bioassay in the two populations. It is inferred that the reduced sensitivity of altered AChE and increased general esterase activities play an important role in the differences of insusceptibility of Oxya chinensis to malathion between the two populations.     

贵州九香虫营养成分分析

分析贵州产九香虫Aspongopus chinensis Dallas体内的营养成分。结果表明:从江和习水产九香虫都具有丰富的营养,其中粗蛋白分别为350.9mg·g-1和356.5mg·g-1、粗脂肪432.6mg·g-1和436.2mg·g-1、粗灰分22.9mg·g-1和22.8mg·g-1;总氨基酸含量为334.3mg·g-1和253mg·g-1,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的41.22%和33.34%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比分别为0.70和0.50;九香虫体内脂肪酸多以油酸和软脂酸为主,其中油酸占总脂肪酸的49.48%和41.54%;含有丰富的矿物质和微量元素,尤其是Mg的含量达到1.26mg·g-1和1.32mg·g-1,且不含有对人体有害的Hg、Pb和As;含有多种维生素,其中维生素C含量最为丰富,为0.78mg·g-1和0.79mg·g-1。作为具有保健功能的中药昆虫,同时具有丰富的营养成分,九香虫是极具潜力的药食两用食品。     

南方红豆杉不同扦插时间对成活率影响

南方红豆杉种子产量低,休眠期长,自然存有量和栽植数量少,人工造林种苗需求量大。为促进南方红豆杉的可持续利用,对南方红豆杉不同扦插时间繁殖作进一步探索。通过试验,插床的蔽光度为60%,用清水沙做基质、一年生枝条做插条,经过药剂处理,湿度保持在70%~80%,得出南方红豆杉以11月下旬扦插繁殖效果较好,成活率达78%。能批量生产,满足人工造林的种苗需求。