Controversies over the scientific name of the principal mosquito vector of yellow fever virus – expediency versus validity

The history of the scientific name of the yellow fever mosquito, the vector of yellow fever virus, ranges from 1757 to the early twenty‐first century. In his 1757 work Iter Palæstinum, Frederic Hasselquist gave the name Culex aegypti to a mosquito species responsible for fierce attacks on humans in Egypt. That name was never later ascribed to Hasselquist as author, but to Linnaeus, although the name never appeared in any of Linnaeus’ publications. In Cuba, at the end of the nineteenth century, the vector of the unknown infectious agent of yellow fever was first identified as Culex mosquito and later more validly named Stegomyia fasciata. Mosquito taxonomists differed strongly about the name of the mosquito through much of the twentieth century. Interventions by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature imposed a biologically invalid specific name, and in the early twenty‐first century a phylogenetic analysis of the culicid tribe Aedini restored the genus Stegomyia from a century earlier. That action was short‐lived. A phylogenetic reassessment resulted in the return of Stegomyia to subgeneric rank in Aedes; thus, the name of the yellow fever mosquito survives in the traditional classification of convenience as the trinomial Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus).     

Symbols and Terminology in Biometry

The many biologists whose work requires statistical science must be concerned for sound management and interpretation of quantitative data. Biometricians also need increased care for literacy and clarity in speech and writing, with precise phrasing for every numerical statement. This paper illustrates common confusions that arise from inexact terminology, or from words and symbols used without adequate definition. Careless statements on quantitative relations, or on probabilities, may be ambiguous; bad practices seriously pollute scientific journals and obstruct transmission of information. Such faults can affect daily life for a modern citizen. Pedantry is unwanted, and to be dogmatic about corrective measures would be stupid. This paper suggests that biologists and biometricians should examine the practicability of a system yet to be devised for standardizing use of symbols and the generally accepted terminology for the methods, techniques, and processes of statistical analysis. The outcome should influence all that we biometricians say and do — as authors, as consultants, and as referees for journals.     

The orthopteroid insects described by Linnaeus,with notes on the Linnaean collection

A list is given of the recently recurated Orthoptera s.l. held by the Linnean Society of London. The status of specimens in the collection is evaluated, eight lectotype designations are made, and the orthopteroid species described by Linnaeus are listed alphabetically.     

Occurrence of Macrosiphum hellebori Theobald & Walton (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Australia

The European aphid species, Macrosiphum hellebori , the hellebore aphid, is recorded from Australia, having been found in Melbourne, Victoria and in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, colonising ornamental hellebores, Helleborus species (Ranunculaceae). Insect associates of M. hellebori are recorded, including the hymenopterous primary parasite Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Keys are provided for the identification of the three species of Macrosiphum Passerini known from Australia.     

鲇胃肠道、胰脏对7种饲料蛋白质的酶解动力学

饲料蛋白质在鱼体消化道内经过消化酶分解为氨基酸、小肽等小分子物质后才被利用。施用辉等 1 认为寡肽的释放量与饲料蛋白质的品质呈正相关关系。       

植源昆虫拒食剂苦皮藤种油化学成分的拒食效果

植源昆虫拒食剂苦皮藤种油化学成分的拒食效果南玉生,柯治国,卢令娴（中国科学院武汉植物研究所武汉４３００７４）关键词苦皮藤种油,菜青虫,二氢沉香呋喃ＴＨＥＡＮＴＩＦＥＥＤＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＡＮＧＬ...     

葡萄糖和维生素C对普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼ACC、FAS及CPTⅠ活性的影响

本试验旨在探究普安银鲫(Carassius auratus )卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中ACC、FAS及CPT I活性变化及葡萄糖和维生素C溶液分别浸泡对它们的影响。采用酶学方法研究了普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼过程中ACC、FAS及CPT I活性变化的变化特点。结果显示：在卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中,对照组与维生素C组中ACC和FAS活性呈上升趋势,CPT I活性呈“下降-上升”变化趋势,而葡萄糖组ACC、FAS及CPT I活性均呈上升趋势,且3种酶的活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。维生素C组ACC活性在内源营养期显著高于对照组,FAS活性在混合营养期和外源营养期显著高于对照组,CPT I活性在内源营养期和外源营养期显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明：ACC、FAS及CPT I在维持普安银鲫卵黄囊仔鱼发育中脂质代谢的动态平衡起着重要作用,15g/L的葡萄糖溶液可通过调节仔鱼体内脂质代谢酶的活性而形成新的脂质代谢水平,以满足仔鱼生长发育需要;而30mg/L的维生素C对维持仔鱼发育中体内正常的脂质代谢具有重要作用。     

夜蛾科卵的分类(鳞翅目)(一)

本文记述了12种夜蛾的卵。 从不同方向的电镜像片显示出他们的形状和被用作分类的特征,包括精孔区的形态特征,纵脊和横道的状况,气孔的位置、形状和大小,小室的形状和表面结构,以及腹面的细微构造。     

Morphology and Ultrastructure of Cryptobia eilatica n. sp. (Bodonidae: Kinetoplastida), an Ectoparasite from the Gills of Marine Fish

ABSTRACT. A marine kinetoplastid flagellate, Cryptobia eilatica n. sp., is described from the gills of cultured gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata L. and wild black-spot sea bream Diplodus noct (Valenciennes) in the Red Sea. The trophozoite is elongated and lacks a contractile vacuole and undulating membrane. The body averages 13.5 × 4.1 μm, anterior flagellum 9.7 μm, and free portion of recurrent flagellum 15.2 μm. The ultrastructural features of the species exhibit great similarity to various previously studied Cryptobiids. Cryptobia eilatica trophozoites feed on bacteria, show a preference for the branc hial interlamellar crypts, and attach to the host epithelium by means of the recurrent flagellum. Neither penetration into the epithelial cells, nor any direct damage to host tissue was observed. Cryptobia eilatica inhabits a purely marine habitat, but its trophozoite tolerates salinities as low as 10 ppt.